Purpose: We investigated the effectiveness of monotherapy with Cosopt^® in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients who could not tolerate the side effects of prostaglandin (PG) formulations or who preferred to avoid combination therapy.
Subjects and methods: The subjects were patients with broadly defined primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension who had been treated with PG formulations combined with brinzolamide. Mean IOP was compared before and after treatment was changed to monotherapy with Cosopt^®.
Results: Overall, switching to monotherapy with Cosopt^® significantly reduced IOP (p=0.038), particularly in the group of patients who had been treated with unoprostone combined with brinzolamide (p=0.005). However, IOP did not change in the subjects who had received PG analogs with the suffix "-prost" combined with brinzolamide.
Conclusions: Our results show that Cosopt^® is effective in reducing IOP, and that it can be considered as a treatment option for patients with glaucoma who cannot tolerate the side effects of PG formulations or who are unresponsive to PG.

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We report the case of a 16-year-old boy who developed chylothorax after the chest tube insertion for spontaneous pneumothorax. The patient was admitted to our hospital for right spontaneous pneumothorax that required thoracic drainage. After chest tube insertion, we noticed chylous effusion discharging from the tube. Although this discharge of chylous effusion gradually decreased after the patient was put on a fat-restricted diet, we performed video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for continuous air leakage 9 days after admission. The patient's postoperative course was excellent. The chest tube was removed 5 days after surgery (POD5), and the patient was discharged the following day (POD6).
Chest tube insertion was usually a blind procedure; therefore, the location of the chest tube should receive special attention in order to prevent any unexpected thoracic injury.

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A 73-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of dysphagia. Esophgoscopy showed type 3 tumor at the lower thoracic esophagus and esophagogastric junction. Endoscopic biopsy confirmed Siewert type II adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction. Abdominal and chest CT examination revealed no lymph node and distant metastases. Clinical stage was II (T3, N0, M0). The patient underwent a thoracosopic subtotal esophagectomy in the prone position, and a laparoscopy assisted reconstruction of gastric tube in the supine position. Pathological diagnosis was well differentiated adenocarcionma (pT3, pN0, sM0, ly3, v1, fStage II). Postoperative course was uneventful. We attempted thoracosopic esophagectomy in the prone position to treat Siewert type II adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction.

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced from molecular oxygen. ROS are the reduced forms of molecular oxygen and have high reactivity to biological components e.g. lipid, protein, and nucleic acid. ROS are considered to cause various diseases e.g. arteriosclerosis, myocardial infarction, cancer, and so on. A living body protects against ROS by antioxidant enzymes e.g. superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Natural antioxidants e.g. ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and α-tocopherol (vitamin E) also scavenge ROS. Recently, some novel artificial antioxidants are synthesized and are expected to a lead compound for drugs.

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