巻号一覧
45 巻 (1997)
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45 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の16件中1～16を表示しています
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解説
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山添 康1997 年 45 巻 3 号 p. 237-245
発行日: 1997年
公開日: 2007/07/20
ジャーナル フリーAssessment of human drug metabolism is necessary for the evaluation of drug efficacy and safety. Studies on molecular cloning of drug metabolizing enzymes indicate the limited values of experimental animal data for the extrapolation to humans. Recent progress on the secondary structures of cytochrome P450 forms, however, provide an alternate predicting way through modeling of substrate contact environments of P450 forms. Usefulness of this approach is discussed with CYP2C P450 data.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (631K)
解説
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Arnd INGENDOH, Michael SCHUBERT, Roland JERTZ, Gökhan BAYKUT, Pau ...1997 年 45 巻 3 号 p. 247-264
発行日: 1997年
公開日: 2007/07/20
ジャーナル フリーQuadrupolar and electromagnetic (FTICR) ion traps generated a strong attractive power for the biological MS community since they can be used in combination with the external sources ESI and MALDI. In general, ion traps are most interesting because of a capability which differentiates them from all other mass spectrometers: the storage of ions. Due to this fact, their powerful flexibility in performance is quite unique among all mass analyzers. Once the ions are stored, they can be manipulated in many different ways. Particularly multistage MS/MS experiments which require additional, spaceous analyzer hardware in other mass spectrometric techniques, can be performed subsequently in time by using exactly the same instrumental setup. While the quadrupolar ion trap mainly convinces by its ease of operation and the low cost at full MS/MS capabilities, FTICR instruments are truely unsurpassed in performance among all mass spectrometers in terms of resolution, mass accuracy and MSn capabilities. In this report, both techniques will be discussed with special regards to typical applications of biological and biochemical analysis which at the same time reveal capabilities and limitations of ion traps.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1280K)
総説
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末永 俊朗1997 年 45 巻 3 号 p. 265-288
発行日: 1997年
公開日: 2007/07/20
ジャーナル フリーCombinatorial chemistry is a novel and innovative technology to generate and screen a large number of compounds simultaneously. Traditionally, new drag lead compounds were discovered by screening sources of natural products or collections of compounds from chemical synthesis in pharmaceutical companies. Recently, computer assisted structure-activity based approaches enable the “rational drug design” to avoid laborious and serendipitous synthesis. More recently, combinatorial chemistry–sometimes referred to as “irrational drug design”-has emerged and is believed to give a big advantage over traditional methods.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1790K)
解説
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荻田 健1997 年 45 巻 3 号 p. 289-294
発行日: 1997年
公開日: 2007/07/20
ジャーナル フリーDrug discovery from natural products is often hampered by their intrinsic nature. Namely, extracts of natural sources are usually complex mixtures and laborious purification is eventually required. They sometimes contain non-specific active compounds which may lead to false positive hits. Therefore, much effort has been paid to overcome these difficulties, for example, by developing innovative screening program, establishing a robotic system applicable for a mass screening and/or scrutinizing novel natural sources. Among them, the importance of efficient dereplication is getting higher since the probability of discovering novel bioactive compounds is declining as the number of known compounds increases. This paper summarizes and discusses the dereplication strategies including biological, taxonomic, and chemical methods.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (455K) -
重松 伸治1997 年 45 巻 3 号 p. 295-300
発行日: 1997年
公開日: 2007/07/20
ジャーナル フリーDevelopment of analytical instruments, especially of LC/MS, led us to a quick and effective identification of known natural compounds. Dereplication is an important concept in the development of useful medicines that are derived from natural products. Separation, analysis, and searching are important factors for the dereplication.
This paper establishes a method for doing the dereplication and shows the know-how of each step.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (428K) -
中山 登1997 年 45 巻 3 号 p. 301-307
発行日: 1997年
公開日: 2007/07/20
ジャーナル フリーRecently, the screening of many samples for drug discovery could be managed in a short time by a high throughput screening method. Unfortunately, natural products are not suitable for the high throughput screening method, but natural products are appealing as a screening source because of their abundant diversity. Accordingly, its very important to establish a method for doing natural product screening efficiently. An efficient elimination or identification method of known compounds for natural product screening is discussed, and our identification method for natural products is also reviewed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (343K)
解説
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岩谷 宏治1997 年 45 巻 3 号 p. 309-323
発行日: 1997年
公開日: 2007/07/20
ジャーナル フリーMass spectrometry (MS) has been used extensively because of the development of ionization methods followed by their improvement and the solution of analytical problems in inorganic and organic chemistry, biochemistry and medicine. MS has become a powerful and standard method for the identification, structural determination and elucidation of wide variety of compounds, when it is employed in complementary with other physical methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy (IR). However, there are still many problems to be solved in MS. In this paper, I proposed the improved methods which may be helpful for solving the problems.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (808K) -
中村 健道1997 年 45 巻 3 号 p. 325-339
発行日: 1997年
公開日: 2007/07/20
ジャーナル フリーUnlike NMR, mass spectrometry seems to be used as a supplementary method in general, rather than a critical tool in the structural analysis of “truly unknown” compounds, such as newly isolated biologically active natural products. One of the reasons is that instruments designed for structural analysis tend to be relatively expensive and hard to maintain and/or operate by natural product chemists, until recently. However, another, and more essential reason is underlying the nature of mass spectrometric structural analysis, i.e., the process of analysis relies on non-quantitative, highly empirical, and hard-to-generalize fragmentation rules, and is difficult to explain deductively to non-experts. It may also be believed to be difficult to extract structural information from high-energy collision induced dissociation (CID) mass spectra generated by sector-based tandem mass spectrometers, which are basically rich in structural information but hard to interpret. In this situation, we have learned that, at least in some cases, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) can be used as an aid to extract vital structural information unambiguously and can be used for building unknown structures rationally, without using inspiration of an expert. In this paper, examples from our experiences in structural elucidation of natural products are shown and following points, (1) how MS/MS can help extracting crucial structural information from complex structures and (2) how MS/MS can be used for rational building of a new structure, are focused. (3) A possible role of high-energy-CID MS3 in structural elucidation of natural products is also discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (896K)
総合論文
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近藤 孝浩1997 年 45 巻 3 号 p. 341-353
発行日: 1997年
公開日: 2007/07/20
ジャーナル フリーCombined liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) were used for the identification of the phase I and phase II (conjugated) metabolites of anxiolytic and antihypertensive drugs in biological matrix. These studies demonstrated that the collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) scan technique, i.e., product ion scan, precursor ion scan, and neutral loss scan, were very useful for detecting the unknown metabolites and for obtaining detailed structural information on the metabolites. Furthermore, the positional isomers of conjugated metabolites could be characterized by product ion scan analysis coupled with simple chemical derivatization.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (764K)
解説
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山田 尚之1997 年 45 巻 3 号 p. 355-366
発行日: 1997年
公開日: 2007/07/20
ジャーナル フリーAntigenic determinants, also called epitopes, constitute the region of the protein in intimate contact with the antigen-binding region of an antibody. Epitopes are typically classified as being either continuous or discontinuous. A variety of methods have been applied to the study of monoclonal antibody (mAb)-antigen interactions and the characterization of their respective epitopes. Here we introduce some new methods of peptide and protein epitope mapping by mass spectrometry.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (603K)
報文
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渡辺 紀子, 合田 里佳, 落合 久, 山下 幸和1997 年 45 巻 3 号 p. 367-375
発行日: 1997年
公開日: 2007/07/20
ジャーナル フリーCytochrome P450 (Cyt. P450) is capable of metabolizing a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. The metabolism of testosterone has been used to probe into Cyt. P450 isoenzyme activities of rat liver preparations in vitro. Then we studied the quantitation method of hydroxytestosterone by GC/MS for the measurement of Cyt. P450 isoenzyme activities.
Testosterone and 4 kinds of hydroxytestosterones (2α, 6β, 16α, and 16β-OH) were derivatized into the ethoxime-dimethylisopropylsilyl ether derivatives and separated completely on fused silica capillary column. Linearity of the method was established over the concentration range of 0.1-20 ng/sample for 2α, 6β, and 16α-hydroxytestosterones.
The present method enabled the measurement of testosterone 2α and 6β-hydroxylation in a trace amount of rat liver homogenate. And the method revealed the relationship between the change in actual isoenzyme activity and inducer treatment such as phenobarbital and dexamethasone. The method is applicable to the measurement of wide variety of Cyt. P450 isoenzyme activities.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (504K)
総説
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戸塚 善三郎1997 年 45 巻 3 号 p. 377-399
発行日: 1997年
公開日: 2007/07/20
ジャーナル フリーLC/API/MS enables quantitative analysis of drugs with high sensitivity. In order to obtain fine mass spectra, know-how for high sensitivity analysis is required. A stable spray can produce stable ionization for LC/MS analysis. It is also necessary to purify the samples for quantitation with high sensitivity. In addition to those, adequate analytical conditions of HPLC, LC/API/MS interface, and SIM (or SRM/MS) are important for analysis. Fragmentations observed in EI, CI, FAB, and LC/ESI mass spectrometry gave us hints for the selections of mass numbers for SRM analysis. LC/MS/MS analysis of enables quatitation of pg/ml level of drugs in plasma.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1364K)
解説
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―そのノウハウ―真野 成康, 小田 吉哉, 浅川 直樹1997 年 45 巻 3 号 p. 401-415
発行日: 1997年
公開日: 2007/07/20
ジャーナル フリーMass spectrometry (MS) has been recognized as an integral method in biological research and our ability to analyze a wide variety of biologically relevant molecules has been greatly advanced by MS. Highly sensitive, highly selective, and reproducible hyphenated MS (GC/MS, LC/MS) or MS/MS method is necessary to get high quality information. We show that the optimization of MS interface is very important for high sensitivity. Chromatography techniques are also indispensable to distinguish identical mass substances. In addition to avoiding adsorption and contaminants problem, our optimized conditions have resulted in a suitable quantitative analysis method for endogenous biological active substances in biological materials.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (920K)
総合論文
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澤田 正實1997 年 45 巻 3 号 p. 439-458
発行日: 1997年
公開日: 2007/07/20
ジャーナル フリーChiral recognition in host-guest complexation and the related systems detected by FAB mass spectrometry was reviewed. Our newly developed methodology, which is called as “enantiomer-labeled guest method”, is largely explained on the basis of both fundamentals and applications. Emphasis is put on the facts that chiral recognition abilities of various hosts toward various guests are easily and reliably determined by the method and the results are straightforwardly compared with each other, or more importantly, with those from thermodynamics in solution using - ΔΔGenan (kcal/mol) values. The chiral hosts examined contain several synthetic crown ethers, natural ionophores, and carbohydrate derivatives. The chiral guests examined contain several amino acid esters and amino acids. Basic concept of the forthcoming “enantiomer-labeled host method” is also stated briefly.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1259K)
報文
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森崎 尚子, 井上 和彦, 岩崎 成夫1997 年 45 巻 3 号 p. 471-477
発行日: 1997年
公開日: 2007/07/20
ジャーナル フリーCoordination of metal cation (Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+) (reagent: MCl2) to oxygens in 1,2-hexadecanediol (L) affords ion peaks [L+M2+-H+]+ (A), [L+M2++Cl-]+ (B), [2L+M2+-H2O+Cl-]+ (C), [2L+M2++Cl-]+ (D) in positive ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The plausible structures suggest that the divalent metal ions coordinate to two to four oxygens. The metal cation Fe3+ is reduced to Fe2+, which forms the ion peaks B, C, and D.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (351K) -
大下 敏隆1997 年 45 巻 3 号 p. 479-485
発行日: 1997年
公開日: 2007/07/20
ジャーナル フリーRecent progress in mass spectrometry makes it possible to reexamine the possible method to detect diacetylmorphine (heroin) in a urine sample of its abusers. This study aimed to establish an analytical method for heroin and heroin metabolites in urine samples in order to prove the intake of heroin into the body. Heroin, 6-acetylmorphine and morphine were extracted by both the liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction, and compared using GC/MS.
The best condition for heroin extraction was found to be liquid-liquid extraction at pH 5. And the optimum condition for 6-acetylmorphine extraction was the solid phase extraction using methylene chloride-iso-propanol-ammonia aq. (80 : 20 : 2, v/v/v).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (474K)
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