Transactions of the Japan Institute of Metals
Online ISSN : 2432-4701
Print ISSN : 0021-4434
ISSN-L : 0021-4434
Volume 5, Issue 3
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
  • Yoshichika Bando
    1964 Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 135-141
    Published: 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Effects of particle size upon the martensitic transformation of Fe-Ni alloys and the ordering of CuAu and Cu3Au alloys were studied. The specimens were prepared by the reduction of fine powdered solid solution of (Fe, Ni) C2O4. 2H2O, (Fe, Ni)3O4 and (Cu, Au) CN in hydrogen at various temperatures. The Ms temperature decreases with decreasing particle size, and the particles (27.4% Ni) less than 0.7 μ do not undergo martensitic transformation even at the liquid nitrogen temperature. The rates of ordering in CuAu and Cu3Au increase with decreasing particle size. These phenomena were discussed from the viewpoint of the behaviors of crystal imperfections in fine particles.
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  • Nobuo Shiota
    1964 Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 142-146
    Published: 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The on-the-spot method of analyzing the gas contained in aluminum and its alloys, as reported in this paper, was conducted by measuring the thermal conductivity with a semi-conductor thermister gas analyzer. By means of this gas analyzer, the author was able to determine the amount of hydrogen evolved during solidification of molten aluminum within ten minutes. The summary of the results obtained is as follows:
    (1) With regard to the types of alloys, the amount of the gas evolved increases in the order of 17S, 2S, 75S and 56S, and further the amount of gas evolved is influenced by the proportion of the scraps used.
    (2) The proposed method is more effective for analyzing the gas contained in the various alloys than for measuring the gas contained in commercial pure aluminum.
    (3) The reaction of pure aluminum with steam is found to be very rapid, and the absorption of hydrogen gas in pure aluminum occurs during melting.
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  • Yotaro Murakami, Osamu Kawano, Hideaki Tamura
    1964 Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 147-154
    Published: 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
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    Die Untersuchungen über das Ausscheidungsverhalten der Aluminium-7 Gew.-% Magnesium Legierungen ohne und mit etwa 0.1 Atom.-% Silber, Chrom, Titan und Zirkonium und der pseudo-binären Al-Mg3Ag Legierungen und auch den Einfluß der Verformung unmittelbar nach der Homogenisierung auf das Verhalten wurden mit Hilfe der Härtemessung, der röntgenographischen und elektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Es zeigte sich,daß die dünnen, feinen Ausscheidungspartikeln der β-Al3Mg2 Phase auf(100)-und(120) Ebene des Mischkristalls gebildet werden. Der Zusatz von Silber beeinflußt am merkwürdigsten auf das Ausscheidungsverhalten der Al-Mg-Legierungen. Aus der röntgenographischen Untersuchung ergab sich,daß die G.P. Zonen auch auf(100)-Ebene der silberhaltigen Aluminium-Magnesium-Legierungen und der pseudo-binären Al-Mg3Ag Legierungen auftreten. Diese Legierungen zeigten eine ausgezeichnete Aushärtbarkeit. Es ist festzustellen, daß der Zusatz von Silber die Keimbildung bei Ausscheidung von β′-Al3Mg2 beschleunigt. Bei den silberhaltigen und pseudo-binären Legierungen verhindern die fein ausgeschiedenen Partikeln die Poligonisation sowie die Rekristallisation der verformten Matrix. Durch den Zusatz von Chrom scheidet sich das Teilchen fein und kornförmig aus. Es ist also festzustellen, daß die Form der ausgeschiedenen Teilchen auf die Spannungskorrosion eine wichtige Rolle spielt. Der Ergebnisse über die Ausscheidung der verformten Probe lassen erkennen, daß die ausgeschiedenen Partikeln neben dem poligonisierten Bezirk größer sind als die neben dem verformten Bezirk mit erhöhter Versetzungsdichte.
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  • Susumu Yoshida, Norio Nagata, Yukio Ohba
    1964 Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 155-161
    Published: 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The microstructure of thin foils of chromium containing 40 ppm of nitrogen which were recrystallized, aged or deformed was examined by means of transmission electron microscopy. The results obtained are as follows:
    (1) Nitrogen in those specimens, quenched or rapidly cooled after annealing to recrystallization, precipitates as minute spots or plate-like precipitates.
    (2) Ageing at 500°C of the rapidly cooled specimens results in redissolution of the spots and growth of plate-like precipitates.
    (3) In the specimens deformed more than 2% by rolling at 300∼700°C, many dislocations are generated which form tangles and cell boundaries. Dislocation tangles are observed around the precipitates.
    (4) The plate-like precipitates which are found in aged or prestrained specimens are presumed to be circular discs about 1 μ in diameter, the surface of which develops parallel to the {100}-plane of the matrix.
    (5) By annealing at 800∼1050°C after working, the redistribution of dislocation tangles proceeds into networks. In the specimens annealed above 900°C, the precipitates are observed on the dislocation networks.
    In view of the above results, the process of precipitation and the morphology of precipitates are discussed in relation to the prestraining and heat-treatment.
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  • Ken-ichi Hirano, Hiroshi Iwasaki
    1964 Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 162-170
    Published: 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Specific heat versus temperature curves have been obtained on polycrystalline and single crystal specimens of Al-4 wt% Cu alloys during reheating after various age-hardening treatments. The results have been analysed in comparison with those of the hardness tests, dilatometric and X-ray structural measurements of the previous workers; the results are useful in providing further information on the low temperature ageing or the first stage of the ageing and its relation to the high temperature ageing. The reversion phenomena in the alloys aged at low temperatures are attributed to the dissolution of the G.P. zone. The effects of the ageing temperature and ageing time upon both the reversion temperature and the heat of reversion are examined from the heat absorption, and it is confirmed that the reversion temperature rises with ageing temperature. The incubation period for formation of the G.P. zone has been determined as a function of ageing temperature. The results represent a C-curve in good agreement with that determined by the X-ray study. An evidence has been obtained for the formation of the G.P. zone at 190°C after the θ″ and θ′ precipitations.
    The kinetics of precipitation processes at higher ageing temperatures reaching close to the solvus has been investigated by the electrical resistivity measurement. It has been recognized that there are two distinct, independent precipitation processes at temperatures higher than 200°C with the apparent activation energies of 30.1 and 25.4 kcal/mol, respectively. These processes seem to correspond to the θ and θ′ precipitations, respectively.
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  • Mutsuo Ohta
    1964 Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 171-176
    Published: 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The changes of electrical resistance and small angle scattering of X-ray for Al-Zn alloys aged at various temperatures were compared with those for Al-Ag alloys in order to know the behaviour of zones during the reversion treatment. Results obtained are as follows: (1) Small angle scattering of CuKα radiation from Al-30 wt% Zn alloys annealed at temperatures higher than 94°C show the existence of zones at these temperatures. (2) A maximum of electrical resistance in the isothermal aging curves is obtained at 130°C or 140°C for an Al-10 wt% Zn alloy. Therefore, zones are known to be formed at these temperatures. (3) At temperatures higher than 94°C, electrical resistance of specimens of an Al-10 wt% Zn alloy decreases with the increase of temperature, and increases again when the temperature is lowered. These results support the existence of the zones mentioned above. (4) Electrical resistance of the aged Al-Zn alloy specimens decreases by reversion treatment to the values which are obtained by annealing the as-quenched specimens for the same period at the same temperature as the reversion treatment. (5) Electrical resistance of Al-Ag alloys aged for a long time at a low temperature increases by reversion treatment to the values which are obtained by annealing the as-quenched specimens for the same period at the same temperature as the reversion treatment, but these values are much lower than as-quenched one. (6) On reaging, electrical resistance of the Al-Zn alloy specimens increases slowly, but that of Al-Ag alloys decreases.
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  • Yutaka Honda, Shuichiro Takahashi
    1964 Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 177-184
    Published: 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    As a part of studies on the development of the swaging process for fabrication of the UO2 fuel rod, UO2 compaction and energetics in swaging were dealt with mainly by investigation of the rise in temperature during the process. The temperature was measured by means of a thermocouple of Chromel-Alumel or Pt-PtRh inserted into UO2 powder in a container of the stainless steel tube. The rise in temperature of UO2 compact during swaging was as high as 1680°C for hot swaging at 720°C, whereas only a temperature rise of 170°C was observed for cold swaging. The main causes for the heat generation were plastic deformation and friction between UO2 particles, The former was dominant in hot swaging, and the latter in cold swaging. Optical and electron micro-scopies also revealed the plastic deformation and temperature rise of UO2 compact. The internal energy stored in cold swaged UO2 compact was detected by specific heat measurement.
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  • Toshimi Yamane, Genjiro Mima, Jitsuhiko Ueda
    1964 Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 185-192
    Published: 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The transversal resonance vibration was given in a specimen by electo-magnetic force, and the internal friction was calculated from the half breadth of a resonance curve or the free decay time of a resonance vibration. The effect of annealing on cold rolled or cold tensile deformed titanium, changes in the internal friction of titanium cold rolled or cold tensile-deformed, the strain amplitude dependence of the internal friction by annealing from room temperature to 700°C after cold rollig or cold tensile deforming, and the changes in mechanical properties were measured in order to know the behaviour of lattice defects. The experimental results are as follows:
    (1) Titanium cold worked and annealed after cold working has the strain amplitude dependent internal friction.
    (2) The internal friction of cold worked titanium increases sharply in the range of a low working degree and has a maximum value, but it does not increase steeply in a high working degree.
    (3) The internal friction of specimens annealed after cold working decreases sharply after annealing at 11∼400°C owing to the annihilation of lattice defects and has a constant value after annealing at 400∼500°C, and then decreases at 500∼700°C owing to the recrystallization.
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  • Susumu Morioka, Akimi Umezono
    1964 Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 193-197
    Published: 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    When the anodic polarization properties of titanium are investigated in a solution in which the corrosion potential of titanium varies to the positive direction with time, the potential of titanium becomes constant between 1.7 and 1.9 volts (vs.S.C.E.), while the anodic current density is increased and the polarization curve has a plateau. The plateau, which shows the oxygen evolution potential, on the polarization curve can be found neither in the measurement performed in a solution in which the corrosion potential of titanium varies to the negative direction with time, nor in the measurement with the titanium surface which has been pretreated to reduce the natural oxide film cathodically or chemically. From these experiments and electron diffraction studies, it is concluded that the oxide film of titanium produced by electrochemical oxidation is different from the natural oxide film formed in air, and that the former is of the rutile type and non-conductive crystals and the latter is presumably of the rutile type but conductive crystals. An anatase type TiO2 is formed only when titanium is oxidized in the solution using no current.
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  • Susumu Morioka, Akimi Umezono
    1964 Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 198-203
    Published: 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effect of halide ions on the anodic passivation of titanium in acid, neutral and alkaline solutions has been studied with the following results: (1) In the presence of fluoride, a severe attack of titanium occurs in an acid solution owing to the chemical dissolution of the oxide film by undissociated HF. However, titanium is not attacked in neutral and alkaline solutions. (2) Chloride ion does not prevent the passivation of titanium owing to a very high discharge overvoltage of chloride ion on titanium. (3) Bromide ion discharges from acid and neutral solutions at a high overvoltage, causing a pitting corrosion in a neutral solution. (4) Iodide ion also shows a high discharge overvoltage in acid and neutral solutions, but not in an alkaline solution below the discharge potential of hydroxyl ion. No pitting corrosion occurs by the discharge of iodide ion. (5) The corrosion resistivity of titanum in halide-bearing solutions is due to its larger affinity with oxygen than with halogen. Therefore, in aqueous solutions the amount of the dissolved oxygen, hydroxyl ion, or oxidizing agent has a significant effect on the corrosion resistivity of titanium. No pitting corrosion takes place unless a considerable external electrolytic current is applied, and the pitting corrosion is usually prevented under natural conditions.
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  • Hiroshi Yamamoto, Genichi Kamoshita
    1964 Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 204
    Published: 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Minoru Terada, Tatsuo Maekawa
    1964 Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 205-206
    Published: 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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