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Volume 10 (1985)
- Issue 6 Pages 328-
- Issue 5 Pages 268-
- Issue 4 Pages 204-
- Issue 3 Pages 138-
- Issue 2 Pages 76-
- Issue 1 Pages 2-
Volume 10, Issue 6
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Mizuo MAEDA, Shohei INOUE1985 Volume 10 Issue 6 Pages 328-336
Published: November 01, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSynthetic polypeptides are considered to be very promising materials for the development of functional membranes. In this article are summarized the characteristics of synthetic polypeptide as the membrane material. The effect of primary and/or secondary structures on the membrane permeability has been studied in detail. Membranes from synthetic polypeptides have been applied to biomedical materials including artificial skin and matrix for drug release. Stimuli-responsive membrane has been prepared from synthetic polypeptide based on its conformational transition. Permeation control was successful with pH, redox reagents and light as stimuli. The chirality of polypeptide is important for the application to asymmetric reactions. The study by the authors concerning vinyl polymer membrane having transmembrane channel from synthetic polypeptide is described. The regulation of solute permeability induced by pH or ions was attained in the membrane prepared from polyvinyl/polypeptide graft copolymer.View full abstractDownload PDF (1157K) -
Membranes as an Application of Self-Excitable PhenomenonKenichi YOSHIKAWA1985 Volume 10 Issue 6 Pages 337-348
Published: November 01, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn living organisms, recognition of molecules, such as by taste, smell or immunity, is essential for the maintenance of life. It is well known that the excitability of the bio-membranes is quite important to recognize various chemicals. The development of excitable artificial membranes is thus important to understand the mechanism of molecular recognition in biological systems. In this article, the history of studies of artificial membranes excitable by electrical current, voltage, hydrostatic or osmotic pressure, and chemical substances are reviewed. Among these studies, the work by the author and his collaborators shows that excitable phenomenon is applicable to the recognition of various chemical species. The development of a new type of chemical sensor capable of distinguishing chemical substances on the basis of information on the frequency, amplitude and the shapes of electrical pulses is suggested to be promising.View full abstractDownload PDF (1296K) -
Eishun TSUCHIDA1985 Volume 10 Issue 6 Pages 351-359
Published: November 01, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDiscussions are focused on the characteristics of some liposomes formed by the assembled lipid molecules. Especially, phase transition temperature, mechanical strength and morphology of lipid assemblies. (micro phase separation) are affected by the species and ratio of mixed lipids in hybrid liposomes. Physico-chemical characteristics of hybrid liposomes, in which macromolecules are introduced as one component or polymerizable lipids are post-polymerized in situ, are discussed and compared with human erythrocytes membrane. The hybrid liposomes, in which heme derivatives are embedded in between layers of membrane structure, are introduced as artificial oxygen carrier comparable to human erythrocyte.View full abstractDownload PDF (1616K) -
Kazuaki OHSAWA1985 Volume 10 Issue 6 Pages 360-364
Published: November 01, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA running colour electrophoresis of protein in sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel (PAG) has been developed and the coloured gel was restained with silver nitrate and hydroquinone (HQ) within 20min. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was found to be a powerful destaining reagent and reproducibility of this double staining procedure was excellent.View full abstractDownload PDF (912K) -
H. YANAGISHITA, T. NAKANE, S. WATANABE, H. YOSHITOME1985 Volume 10 Issue 6 Pages 365-370
Published: November 01, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe preparation of polyimide ultrafiltration membranes has been investigated. The asymmetric solvent-registant membranes were prepared from casting solutions composed of aromatic polyimide (Upjohn's PI-2080) and solvent by the phase conversion process, and their separation performances were tested for aqueous polyethyleneglycol (PEG) solution by means of a bach type of ultrafiltration apparatus to evaluate the influences of the fabrication conditions. The parameters investigated were the composition of the casting solutions, casting thickness, casting temperature and evaporation time.
The membrane made from the casting solution of 20wt% polyimide and N-methyl-2-pyloridone (NMP) with evaporation time of 15min. at 80°C, exhibits a water flux of 0.5m3/m2×day with a rejection of polyethyleneglycol (M. W.=14, 000) in excess of 95% at 3kg/cm2, for PEG 3, 000ppm feed solution. It was confirmed by immersion tests that the membranes were stable for many organic solvents such as alcohols, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbonsView full abstractDownload PDF (869K) -
Haruhiko OHYA, Minoru OKADA, Kohji OKUNO, Yoichi NEGISHI1985 Volume 10 Issue 6 Pages 371-379
Published: November 01, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSReverse osmotic separation of aqueous urea solutions was carried out using cellulose acetate membranes and composite membranes : PEC-1000, NS-100 and FT-30. Separation of urea and flux through the membranes were measured within the following ranges : concentration; 1 to 10 wt%, operating pressures ; 3.92 to 6.86 MPa.
PEC-1000 membrane shows the best performance among the membranes tested. Its separation at 1 wt% and 5.5MPa was 91%. At the same experimental condition, separation of FT-30 BW was 59%, FT-30 SW 65%, NS-100 75% and cellulose acetate heat treated at 90°C 66%, at 87°C 50%, and at 85°C 43%.
An analysis of data with Spiegler-Kedem's transport model was carried out to obtain membrane constants such as reflection coefficient σ, solute and hydraulic permeabilities ω and Lp, concentration induced compaction coefficients for ω and Lp, βs and βv. Values of σ for composite membranes PEC-1000 and NS-100 are 1.0 but for FT-30 and cellulose acetate less than 1.0. PEC-1000 shows the largest value of βs, then FT-30, NS-100 and cellulose acetate shows the smallest. FT-30 shows the largest value of βv, then PEC-1000, cellulose acetate and NS-100.
Concentrations of main components in RO permeate were calculated, assuming that PEC-1000 membrane were used to treat one crew man's waste water in space station. Two stages of reverse osmosis units is still needed to recover drinkable water.View full abstractDownload PDF (850K)
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