巻号一覧
18 巻 (1993)
- 6 号 p. 318-
- 5 号 p. 264-
- 4 号 p. 196-
- 3 号 p. 132-
- 2 号 p. 69-
- 1 号 p. 3-
18 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1～9を表示しています
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川嵜 敏祐1993 年 18 巻 3 号 p. 132-138
発行日: 1993/05/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーRecognition mechanisms of carbohydrate by animal lectins are reviewed. A lectin focused in this article is a mannan-binding protein or mannose binding protein, MBP, which is present in serum of various mammals and binds specifically to mannose or N-acetylglucosamine residue. MBP is an oligomeric protein consisting of 18 identical subunits of 32 kDa. Each subunit has a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) at its COOH-terminal and a collagen like domain at its NH2-terminal. The lectin is shown to be able to activate the complement system and is involved in an immunoglobulin-independent host defense. The low serum levels of MBP are associated with a common opsonic defect. Studies by Dr. Drickamer's group on the crystal structure of CRD of MBP complexed with an oligomannose-type glycopeptides revealed that that carbohydrate specificity is determined by a network of coordination and hydrogen bonds that stabilized the ternary complex of protein, Ca2+ and sugar.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1046K) -
四方田 千佳子1993 年 18 巻 3 号 p. 139-148
発行日: 1993/05/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーPolysaccharide membranes are mainly applied as coating films and materials for microcapsule in pharmaceutical field. The useful properties and functions of such membranes are pH-depending solubility, water proof and semipermeablity. Many kinds of derivative of cellulose such as hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose have been used for coating films, and multi-functional meterials as hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose acetate succinate are developing successively, because of their low toxicity compared to synthesized polymers.
In order to demonstrate the basic properties of polysaccharide membrane, the solubility and enzymatic degradability of chitosan membrane are mentioned. The solubility and degradability depend on the degree of deacetyration of the chitosan used. In a few chemicals loaded in the chitosan films, coomassie brilliant blue, which seemed to interact strongly with chitosan through its acidic groups, and pullullan with a high molecular weights (0.58 × 104-38.0 × 104) were released slowly following the degradation of the films only in the presence of lysozyme.
Further, the properties of complex membrane composed of chitosan and acidic polysaccharides such as CM-chitin and/or hyaluronate are discussed in detail. In particular, chitosan-CM-chitin complex was found to ressolve in citric acid easily and again to be reconstructed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1136K) -
青木 宏光1993 年 18 巻 3 号 p. 149-155
発行日: 1993/05/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーLiposomes are suitable substances as drug carriers. However, there are inevitable drawback in their use in vivo. Liposomes are recognized as foreign and phagocytosed by the cells of the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Sugar modifications endow new aspects with in vivo fate of liposomes. Liposomes are efficiently taken up by parenchymal cells by galactose modification and nonparenchymal cells by mannose modification. In this case, some spacers seem to be necessary to recognize the sugar moiety by the cell as shown in Fig. 1. Ganglioside Gm1 suppress the uptake of liposomes by the RES and prolong the liposomal circulation in mice. Amino sugars modifications also prolong the liposomal circulation. However, the mechanisms are not still clear and more investigations concerning the interaction of liposomes with cell surfaces are necessary to control the in vivo fate of liposomes more precisely.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1016K) -
田中 恵子, 宮嶋 孝一郎1993 年 18 巻 3 号 p. 156-163
発行日: 1993/05/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーThe cryoprotective mechanism of saccharides on the freeze-drying of liposome was studied by several methods, such as leakage of inner marker, Raman- and NMR-spectroscopy and DSC. The surface of frozen liposome was covered by a concentrated aqueous saccharide solution or glassy solid, which protects from the mechanical damage of ice crystal and the fusion of liposome. Mono-, di-, and trisaccarides showed a similar protective effect per monosaccharide unit. In the course of drying, the water molecules hydrated to the polar phosphate group of lecithin were displaced by the saccharide molecules. In the liquid crystalline state the lyophilized liposome was maintained and the lipid membrane was stable during the rehydration process. The liposome lyophilized with disaccharides showed the strongest stability in the course of rehydration, indicating the importance of liquid crystalline state of bilayer, which results in the hydrogen bonding between the phosphate group and the sugar molecules with suitable size.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1047K) -
都留 稔了1993 年 18 巻 3 号 p. 164-172
発行日: 1993/05/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーComposite membranes have multiple layers or parts of different separation ability in them ; composite membranes have been expected to have superior performance to homogeneous membranes. Most commonly used are composite membranes in series : asymmetric membranes in reverse osmosis and bipolar membranes in (electro) dialysis. In this review, first of all, transport models of homogeneous membranes, composite membranes in series and in parallel were outlined by following Kedem and Katchalsky's transport model. Second, models of composite membranes applied in reverse osmosis were explained. They have been used mainly to analyze transport resistance of supporting layers. Third, bipolar membranes, membranes that have two charged layers of opposite charge, were surveyed. They have been investigated in (electro) dialysis membranes in order to improve mono- and divalent ion selectivities. Finally, bipolar reverse osmosis membranes were discussed from both theoretical and experimental viewpoints. Bipolar reverse osmosis membranes were prepared by adsorption of polyelectrolyte on the surface of loose reverse osmosis membranes of negative charge. Ion selectivity of monovalent ions over divalent ones for both anions and cations was improved. Transport model of bipolar reverse osmosis membranes was also proposed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1275K) -
竹上 信介, 山田 英樹1993 年 18 巻 3 号 p. 173-175
発行日: 1993/05/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーCombination process with supercritical fluid extraction and membrane separation was investigated. The supercritical fluid extractions were carried out with CO2 at 6.8×103 kPa, 40°C and the membrane separations were carried out through polysulfone membrane while reducing downstream pressure like pervaporation. The separation factor of ethanol to water obtained by the combination process was 2.0 for about 5 wt% ethanol aqueous solution.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (339K) -
竹上 信介, 山田 英樹1993 年 18 巻 3 号 p. 176-179
発行日: 1993/05/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーThe combination process of perstraction using n-heptane as extractant and polyacrylonitrile grafted polydimethylsiloxane membrane, and pervaporation through a cellulose acetate membrane was investigated.
The separation factor of ethanol (αEtOH H2O) for 8.1 wt% ethanol aqueous solution was 2.3, and permeation rate of ethanol was about 5×103 kg/m2·h.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (465K) -
Yukio SUEZAKI, Hiroyuki ICHINOSE1993 年 18 巻 3 号 p. 181-188
発行日: 1993/05/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーThe stability and the coexistence of water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsions and the stacked lamellar phase of oil, water, and surfactant are examined by way of a simple model. The spherical droplets are assumed to have their own spontaneous radius and bending elasticity. The lamellar phase is postulated to have two independent potential wells between surfactant monolayers in which the water and oil layers are stacked alternatively between the monolayers. The free energies of the lamellar phase and the spherical microemulsion phase are calculated as functions of fractions of the three molecules of water, oil and surfactant. From the free energy curves in the ternary diagram, the trangential plane and the tie lines can be drawn. As a result, the following four combinations of phases are expected to realize in the tie ternary diagram ; the single phase of lamellae ; two phases of lamellae and coexisting aqueous solvent ; two phases of lamellae and oil with W/O microemulsions ; three phases of lamellae, oil with W/O microemulsions and the aqueous phase. The observed ternary diagrams by Kunieda and Shinoda (H. Kunieda and K. Shinoda, J. Dispersion Sci. Tech. 3, 233 (1982)) have been analyzed according to our model.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (920K) -
吉川 ユミ, 山本 保之, 松本 幹治1993 年 18 巻 3 号 p. 189-193
発行日: 1993/05/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーA study was carried out on the removal of water in ethanol-water mixtures containing maltose or glucose by pervaporation using polyimide hollow fiber membrane under various conditions for the purpose of saccharides crystallization. The membrane separation performance (permeation flux and separation factor) were influenced by operation conditions (operation pressure, temperature, flow rate, concentration of ethanol-water solution) and the concentration of maltose or glucose in the ethanol-water solution. The membrane separation performance lowered with increasing the glucose or maltose concentration in feed. The lowering of separation performance was closely related to the increase in viscosity of the feed liquid, caused by incerasing glucose or maltose concentration.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (783K)
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