巻号一覧
19 巻 (1994)
- 6 号 p. 360-
- 5 号 p. 284-
- 4 号 p. 214-
- 3 号 p. 146-
- 2 号 p. 67-
- 1 号 p. 3-
19 巻, 5 号
選択された号の論文の10件中1～10を表示しています
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大島 広行1994 年 19 巻 5 号 p. 284-291
発行日: 1994/09/01
公開日: 2011/08/16
ジャーナル フリーA theory of electrophoresis is presented for soft particles (i. e., particles covered with polyelectrolyte layers) as a model for biological cells. This theory unites two different theories of electrophoresis : Smoluchowski's theory for rigid spheres and Hermans-Fujita's theory for sphereical polyelectrolytes. That is, in the absence of the polyelectrolyte layer, the present theory reduces to Smoluchowski's theory, while it gives Hermans-Fujita's theory in the absence of the particle core. Some experimental data on the electrophoretic mobilities of biological cells are analyzed on the basis of this theory.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (905K) -
谷岡 明彦1994 年 19 巻 5 号 p. 292-304
発行日: 1994/09/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーBiological membranes have functionalities of separation, energy production and information transfer. Transport of a small molecule across a membrane plays an important roll for them. The Fick's first and second laws of diffusion, Nernst-Planck's equation and phenomenological equations based on nonequilibrium thermodynamics have contributed to the analyses of membrane transport phenomena in biological systems. Fick's and Nernst-Planck's theories were originally established in homogeneous media, and the nonequilibrium thermodynamics consider the membrane as a black box. Therefore there are few discussions on a principle process of diffusion in biological membranes. Recently the structures of several membrane proteins have been confirmed by using X-ray diffraction, which suggests that it is possible to discuss the diffusion in a biological membrane from the viewpoint of molecular theory. In this review it is discussed how to approach to the molecular theory in biological membrane from the Fick's and Nernst-Planck's equations.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1434K) -
美宅 成樹1994 年 19 巻 5 号 p. 305-310
発行日: 1994/09/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーPrinciples of the structure prediction of membrane proteins is discussed : (1) Dominant interaction for the binding between transmembrane helices is polar interactions. (2) A helix may be simplified to a continuum rod with surface charges. (3) The configuration of helices is determined by the interactions between transmembrane helices and the structure of linking segments. These principles are based upon various denaturation experiments and physical considerations. A software system for the strcture prediction of membrane proteins is being developed and applied to bacteriorhodopsin whose molecular structure has been already reported.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (756K) -
永山 国昭1994 年 19 巻 5 号 p. 311-316
発行日: 1994/09/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーA fabrication method to produce two-dimensional (2D) crystalline films of protein molecules and fine particles is reported. The key innovation in this fabrication is the use of wetting films of protein and colloid solutions stably spread on clean and flat substrate surfaces. When appropriate conditions are maintained, the thin liquid films of protein and colloid solutions leave a monolayer state of molecules or particles, namely 2D crystalline films, after removal of solvents by evaporation. The significance of the film fabrication lies in its active nature to harness a firm directional transport of particles driven by spreading or convection flow of the solution. This adds an unique character to the fabrication which is exclusively effective in thin liquid films on flat substrates, making a good contrast to the slow process of crystallization in bulk solutions. Owing to this active nature of the particle assembling, hexagonally packed 2D crystals of fine molecules or particles can grow within a short duration.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1320K) -
III. シミュレーション今井 雄介, 中張 隆司, 吉田 秀世, 宮本 学, 相馬 義郎1994 年 19 巻 5 号 p. 317-324
発行日: 1994/09/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリー今回は生体膜輸送系を取り上げ, 実験から得られた知見を統合して回路モデルとする手段を紹介する.この回路モデルは直感的理解に訴えることを示し, 具体的な上皮膜の溶液輸送のモデルとそのシミュレーションについて述べる.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (922K) -
小島 洋一郎, 有澤 準二, 三澤 顕次, 松本 伍良1994 年 19 巻 5 号 p. 325-331
発行日: 1994/09/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーA Millipore DOPH model membrane is composed of a Millipore filter whose pores are filled with a lipid analogue, dioleylphosphate (DOPH). There is a possibility that the membrane may be used as a calcium ion sensor. The Millipore DOPH membrane, however, was not able to maintain the electrical characteristics more than 3 days. A PVC (polyvinylchloride) ·DOPH new artificial membrane which used a PVC instead of the Millipore filter to improve the membrane's life was made. By this replacement, the PVC·DOPH membrane showed electrical characteristics similar to the Millipore DOPH membrane when the concentration of KC1 solution was decreased from 300 mM to 1 mM, and the electrical responses with the KC1 solution were observed more than 120 days. Two stable states of an electric membrane resistance are needed to keep the excitability observed in a living cell membrane. This paper showed also electric current-voltage characteristics which were measured by a current or a voltage clamp system. A current controlled negative resistance appeared in the new PVC membrane as well as in the Millipore membrane. According to electric capacitance measurements of the membrane, it was conceivable that the change of the resistance was caused by replacing Ca2+ ions with K+ ions in the hydrophilic groups of DOPH molecules. Since time responses of the membrane resistance change and capacitance one are so different with a kind of ion or its concentration that an application of ion sensor, for instance, a taste sensor can be expected by using two different parameters at the same time.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1106K) -
柴田 昌幸, 大矢 晴彦, 相原 雅彦, 根岸 洋一1994 年 19 巻 5 号 p. 332-338
発行日: 1994/09/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーPorous silica membrane was modified with phenyltriethoxysilane and was used to separate N2-CO2 and N2-CO2-H2O mixtures. The experiment of the separation for N2-CO2 mixture, the separation factor for CO2 (α CO2/N2) was 0.9 in the case of using porous silica membrane (S membrane), however, when the silica membrane modified with phenyl silane coupling reagents (SC membrane) was used, the highest separation factor for CO2 (α CO2/N2) reached 1.19. This was due to the fact that the phenyl group modified the surface of porous, and increased affinity of CO2. So, CO2 was easy to condense on the surface of porous, and N2 become difficult to permeate. For this reason, the separation factor for CO2 can be improved. Further, the experiment of SC membrane in the separation for N2-CO2-H2O mixture, the highest separation factor for CO2 (α CO2/N2) was 1.66, which is higher than that for N2-CO2 mixture.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (668K) -
Tadayoshi Uezato1994 年 19 巻 5 号 p. 339-343
発行日: 1994/09/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーSeveral organic solvents were used to dissolve the nitrocellulose filter to which proteins were bound. Among these solvents, acetone and methanol easily dissolved the nitrocellulose. Proteins released from the nitrocellulose were precipitated by centrifugation. The efficiency of protein recovery was investigated using commercially available proteins. In this study, we found that a 50% acetone-50% methanol was most effective to recover the intestinal microvillous membrane proteins from a nitrocellulose filter. Subsequent digestion of these proteins with CNBr, or some proteinases, exposed internal fragments and enabled their microsequencing.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (937K) -
中尾 真一1994 年 19 巻 5 号 p. 344-350
発行日: 1994/09/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーA distillation process has been used for alcohol concentration, and this process is a typical energy-consuming process. Recently the green house effect becomes big problem in the world, and thus an energy-saving process is very much required. Membrane processes are well-known energy-saving processes and applicable to the ethanol concentration.
For concentrating ethanol solution there are two possible membrane processes : reverse osmosis (RO) and pervaporation (PV) processes. Furthermore in each process both water selective and ethanol selective membranes are available.
In the PV process a vacuum pump consumes much energy and latent heat supply is also necessary. On the other hand, in the RO process, operating pressure must be greatly high because of high osmotic pressure of ethanol and water, and much energy is needed. Therefore selecting the appropriate membrane and the process is very important.
In this study, several hybrid membrane processes, for instance ethanol-selective/water-selective PV, ethanol-selective PV/water-selsctive RO, ethanol-selective/water-selsctive RO and so on, for the concentration of ethanol solution from 10wt% to 96wt% with ethanol recovery more than 95% were designed by computer simulation based on the solution-diffusion mechanism. Then the processes were optimized in order to reduce membrane area and energy consumption.
It was found that PV process is not a energy-saving process comparing with distillation process, but RO process consumes extremely small amount of energy even with super high applied pressure, such as 30MPa.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (756K) -
中西 祥晃, 中塚 修志1994 年 19 巻 5 号 p. 351-354
発行日: 1994/09/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーThe Ministry of Public Welfare in Japan is proceeding the development for applying the membrane technology to drinking water treatment. Recentry, Daicel Chemical Ind. Ltd., succeeded in the development of cellulose acetate (CA) hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane. The CA membrane is the most suitable for the treatment of natural water because of its high flux and low fouling properties.
In this review, we show the performance of this CA membrane and introduce the newly-developed hollow fiber module using the CA membrane, which has large filtration area of 50 m2.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (783K)
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