Online ISSN : 1884-6440
Print ISSN : 0385-1036
ISSN-L : 0385-1036
21 巻, 5 号
選択された号の論文の10件中1~10を表示しています
  • 楠木 喜博
    1996 年 21 巻 5 号 p. 276-282
    発行日: 1996/09/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The new polyimide hollow fiber membranes for carbon dioxide separation and hydrogen separation membrane were developed.
    These membranes are applied to oil refeinry, chemical process, natural gas treatment and landfill gas upgrading.
  • 西岡 晴夫
    1996 年 21 巻 5 号 p. 283-289
    発行日: 1996/09/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Membrane Type of Nitrogen generation system has been spreading to the market place, but still struggling to compete with PSA due to the inferiority of electric power consumption in spite that there are benefits to apply the membrane rather than other sources of nitrogen. This paper introduces couples of membrane applications to the markets as commercialized examples to give people some idea of spreading the use of membrane. Examples described hereinafter are as follows :
    (1) Membranes builtin inside of N2 assist Reflow Furnace (OEM sales)
    (2) Laser Processing Machine (OEM sales)
    (3) Sealing hydrocarbonic solvent rinsing machine for explosion proof (Replacement of Freon)
    (4) Injection Molding (OEM sales)
    (5) Beer Dispensing
  • 野川 淳彦
    1996 年 21 巻 5 号 p. 290-296
    発行日: 1996/09/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    In recent years, Membrane Oxygenator was used widely for clinical use. Terumo introduced the micro-porous hollow fiber Oxygenator (Capiox-II) at 1982. After that, micro-porous hollow fiber was used normally for Oxygenator. In this article, the relations between Oxygenator and membrane was shown from our development experience.
  • 井上 賢一, 近藤 善彦, 川島 敏行
    1996 年 21 巻 5 号 p. 297-305
    発行日: 1996/09/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    A new equipment for VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) recovery in the gas mixture has been commercialized by the membrane separation process.
    This membrane is fabricated into spiral wound module and thevacuum system with the membrane separation process is selected as operation system.
    Our membrane systems are applied to treatments of gas streams containing high levels of VOC (about 2% by volume). In these cases, membrane systems can achieve much higher VOC recovery rates at much lower operating costs than condensation alone.
  • 寺田 一郎, 岩元 純治郎, 三宅 晴久
    1996 年 21 巻 5 号 p. 306-310
    発行日: 1996/09/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Water vapor permeation properties of fluorinated ion exchange polymer membranes were evaluated. Functional group in side chain end, measurement temperature and membrane thickness were varied. Permeation rate of these membranes were in the order of -SO3H, -COONa, -SO3Na and -COOH type. Permeation rate and separation factor of water to other gases exhibit high value. Permeation rate was not proportional to reciprocal of the membrane thickness such as typical gas separation membrane. Hollow fiber was fablicated by the fluorinated ion exchange polymer, and dehumidifier module was assembled. Dehumidification performance was measured by dew point meter. In the case of typical dehumidifier module (membrane area 0.02 m2, module length 22 cm), dew point of dried air reached-30°C when air flow rate was 20 Nl/min.and purge air rate was 20%. Membrane performance of the module was kept constant about 3 years at 40°C.
  • 小松 裕明
    1996 年 21 巻 5 号 p. 311-317
    発行日: 1996/09/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    It was now well established that phosphatidylcholines or phosphatidylglycerols can form an interdigitated structural phase (Iphase), in which acyl chains of the lipids fully interpenetrate the hydrocarbon chains of the opposing monolayer in the presence of short chain alcohols and some other amphiphiles. It has been suggested that the interdigitated structure as well as a hexagonal II structure plays an important role in regulating many functions of biological membranes. We have demonstrated the participation ofIphase formation in ethanol-induced liposomal aggregation and fusion. We have also focused on control of permeability as one of the biomembrane functions, and the effects of ethanol on the permeability of large unilamellar vesicles composed of various phospho-lipids were studied by monitoring the leakage of the fluorescent dye, calcein, entrapped in the inner aqueous phase of the vesicles. In the cases of mixed membranes composed of DPPC and dilauroyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DLPE), as well as DPPC liposomal membranes, large permeabilities were observed in the wide range of ethanol concentrations, where the normal bilayer andIphase coexist and the membrane is in a phase-separated state. These results suggested that ethanol can disturb the normal control of biological membrane permeability.
  • 望月 精一
    1996 年 21 巻 5 号 p. 318-325
    発行日: 1996/09/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    This review paper focused on i) the mass transport phenomena governing the performance of both ultrafiltration and microfiltration devices and ii) the effects of the pore size distribution, protein adsorption, and protein deposition on the transport characteristics.
    The actual sieving coefficients (Sa) of polydisperse dextrans through clean asymmetric polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes of varying molecular weight cut-off were evaluated as a function of dextran molecular weight. The flux-dependence of Sa was then used to evaluate the relative contributions of diffusion and convection to the overall rate of dextran transport. These results were well described by membrane transport theory using an available hydrodynamic model with the effective solute to pore size ratio evaluated using a partitioning model for a random porous media.
    Theoretical calculations were performed to determine the effects of several different types of pore size distributions on the transport characteristics of ultrafiltration membranes. The above partitioning model was in good agreement with the calculated results for a membrane with a log-normal pore size distribution with a geometric standard deviation of around 2.0. Theoretical modeling of pore blockage and pore constriction associated with protein adsorption showed good qualitative agreement with the experimental data.
    Experimental data for the sieving characteristics and hydraulic permeability of protein deposits formed on the survace of microfiltration membranes indicated that these properties are a function of the transmembrane pressure (compressive pressure) and solution ionic environment (electrostatic repulsion between the charged protein molecules).
    These experimental and theoretical results provide important insights into the underlying physical phenomena governing solute transport through ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes, with a rational basis for the characterization and improvement of these membrane processes.
  • 炭田 康史, 西尾 裕幸, 岩本 美子, 宮嶋 孝一郎
    1996 年 21 巻 5 号 p. 326-333
    発行日: 1996/09/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effects of lipid compositions on thermo-sensitivity of stratum corneum lipid liposomes (SCLL) were investigated. SCLL were prepared with ceramide (CE), palmitic acid (PA), cholesterol (CH) and cholesterolsulfate (CS). In order to estimate the contribution of each lipid to stability of these liposomes against changes of temperature, SCLL were prepared with changing the composition of each lipid and the leakages of a trapped probe (carboxyfluorescein ; CF) from these liposomes were measured at various temperature. The leakage from SCLL with low molar CH content increased with temperature, significantly at and above their gel-liquidcrystal transition tempareture (Tc). However, SCLL with low CE or PA content scarcely leaked out CF in the experimental condition. The particle size of SCLL with low CH content increased also markedly at and above their Tc. In addition, the increase of the microfluidity and degree of fusion of these liposomes were observed on the similar temperature range to leakage phenomena. These results suggest that the phase transition of membrane might affect thermo-sensitivity of SCLL and the cholesterol content plays a crucial role on thermal stability of SCLL especially, the phase transition and concomitant leakage of trapped marker compounds.
  • 遠藤 高帆, 大木 和夫
    1996 年 21 巻 5 号 p. 334-340
    発行日: 1996/09/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Image processing technique is applied to measurements of activities of phosphatidylserine flippase and endocytosis on a plasma membrane of CHO cells. The fluorescent phosphatidylserine probes (C6- NBD-PS) translocated to inner layer of the plasma membranes aer distributed in the cytoplasmic membranes. Intensity of the fluoescence within the cytoplasmic area is analyzed quantitatively by use of the NIH image. Endocytosis of lucifer yellow molecules are analyzed by the same method after the cytoplamic area is determined by comparing the phase contrast image of the cell. The present technique is available for intact cells cultured on a dish and makes possible to measure the actvities of each cell.
  • 藤井 能成, 山村 弘之, 野寄 賢, 西村 和彦
    1996 年 21 巻 5 号 p. 341-344
    発行日: 1996/09/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The preparation process of poly (phenylene sulfore) (PPSO) hollow-fiber membrane has been developed. PPSO membrane has extreamly high durability against solvents, heat, and oxidizing chemicals. The membrane nodules have been fabricated with potting resin and casings resistant to solbent, heat, and chemicals. The preparation procedure was briefly mentioned and the characteristics of the PPSO membrane were showed with some experimemtal results.
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