巻号一覧
22 巻 (1997)
- 6 号 p. 292-
- 5 号 p. 224-
- 4 号 p. 172-
- 3 号 p. 120-
- 2 号 p. 74-
- 1 号 p. 2-
22 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の8件中1～8を表示しています
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真鍋 征一1997 年 22 巻 4 号 p. 172-179
発行日: 1997/07/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーI intended to correlate the structure of a biological membrane and that of the artificial membranes which had been employed widely in industrial fields. Two types of the membranes such as an ion-exchange membrane and an inactive membrane against ions were manufactured by the application of the common phenomena named as the micro-phase separation. This gave rise to the similar supermolecular structure for the resultant membranes : The former and latter ones were composed of the ion-cluster particles with ca. 5 nm in size and the primary particles with 10-15 nm, respectively. Although the affinity or chemical potential governed the formation of the structure of the membrane after the phase separation, the interfacial force working between the particles and the medium affected on the formation of the orientation of molecular chians at the surface. When we pay an attention to the similarity in the structure between both membranes of artificial and biological ones, the common driving forces for the formation of the membrane structure may be realized.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1581K) -
大木 和夫1997 年 22 巻 4 号 p. 180-186
発行日: 1997/07/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーThe interactions of membrane proteins with lipid bilayers are principally hydrophobic and electrostatic in nature. Integral proteins interact hydrophobically with the hydrocarbon chains of membrane lipids by crossing the bilayer once or several times. Since every biomembrane contains a wide variety of different lipid species, an understanding of the differential interactions between proteins and lipids is required to clarify many aspects of membrane functions. The integral membrane proteins have an amphipathic nature since there exist separated surfaces of hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. The hydrophobic force is the major factor in constructing the biomembrane structures, and so the hydrophobic part of integral protein traverses or penetrates the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer. In this review, matching of the hydrophobic regions of the lipids and proteins in membranes is discussed, and then a possible mechanism of activating protein kinase C in signal transduction of phosphatidylinositol cycle.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1234K) -
箕浦 憲彦1997 年 22 巻 4 号 p. 187-193
発行日: 1997/07/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーMembranes solvent-cast from the triblock copolypeptide poly (γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) x-poly (L-leucine) y-poly (γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) x, in which the mole ratio of the constituent blocks was properly tailored, displayed a mesophase structure comprised of cylindrical domains of poly (γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) in a continuous matrix of poly (L-leucine). Further, the poly (γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) domains formed transmembrane channels that connected the two faces of the membrane. These channels were rendered hydrophilic by saponifying the benzylglutamate groups to glutamic acid groups. While the hydrophilization process increased the water content of the poly (L-glutamic acid) domains, these domains retained their size and shape even when the pH and ionic strength of the aqueous medium was sufficient to ionize all the glutamic acid groups in the domain. The saponified triblock copolypeptide membrane described above generated spontaneous electrical pulses under a salt concentration gradient. Current-voltage curves of the saponified membranes were sigmoidal in a salt solution over pH 3.5 and below 10-2 M, and hysteresis appeared. An electrical current also induced oscillation of membrane potential across the saponified membranes. The mechanism of the spontaneous oscillation is interpreted in terms of conformational change (α-helix-random coil) of the poly (L-glutamic acid) block chains in the saponified membranes in relation to the membrane structure.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1255K) -
葛西 道生1997 年 22 巻 4 号 p. 194-199
発行日: 1997/07/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーTransport phenomena in biomembranes were reviewed. Cells and intracellular organella are surrounded by biomembranes. Various molecules and ions are transported across membranes to maintain cell functions. Many kinds of transporters and channels are found to work to transport small molecules or ions. In the first part, molecular structure and mechanism of transporters were overviewed. In the second part, transport phenomena coupled with membrane fusion were discussed, particularly molecular mechanims of transmitter release at nerve ending. It was shown that common mechanisms are working between synaptic vesicle fusion and vesicular transport in cells.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (776K) -
山田 清, 林 明史, 王 正宝, 佐野 庸治, 川上 雄資, 柳下 宏1997 年 22 巻 4 号 p. 200-205
発行日: 1997/07/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーThe polycrystalline silicalite membrane was prepared on the stainless steel porous support and it was silylated using methyltrichlorosilane (CH3SiCl3) as a silylating agent in order to improve its pervaporation performance. The pervaporation performance of the membrane before and after the silylation was measured using a 15 vol% acetic acid/water mixture. The pervaporation performance of the silicalite membarne was improved by the silylation. Namely, the high concentration of acetic acid in the permeate (>45 vol%) was obtained by the silylation, although the flux decreased. This indicates that the silylation using CH3SiCl3 is useful for improvement of the separation performance of the polycrystalline silicalite membrane for the acetic acid/water mixture. It seems that the high pervaporation performance of the silylated silicalite membrane is attributable to the enhancement of hydrophobicity of the membarne surface.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (759K) -
永井 一清1997 年 22 巻 4 号 p. 206-210
発行日: 1997/07/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーPolymeric membranes must have good permeabilities, permselectivities, and long-term stability, and be compatible with the process environment in which they will be used. However, polymers with high permeability tend to have low selectivity and vice versa. The glassy poly (1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) (PMSP) has the potential to be an important membrane gas separation material, due to the fact that it has the highest intrinsic gas permeability of all synthetic polymers known at present. The biggest problem with PMSP is the decrease in gas permeability with age. There has been an ongoing search for PMSP with superior separation and stability. Membrane contamination is a dominant factor effecting the gas permeability of PMSP ; and, in the absence of contaminants, aging is due to the relaxation of nonequilibrium excess free volume. PMSP has a glass transition temperature of more than 250°C. In the case of glassy polymers, small-scale polymer segmental motions cause a relaxation of nonequilibrium excess free volume and their physical properties drift over time. Because the PMSP membrane has a larger free volume compared to other glassy polymers, a dramatic decline in gas permeability occurred.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (656K) -
Koh-ichi Fukunaga, Masahiko Matsukata, Korekazu Ueyama, Shoji Kimura1997 年 22 巻 4 号 p. 211-216
発行日: 1997/07/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーQuality of water from RO sea water desalination plants can satisfy almost all regulation items of drinking water quality regulations, except a concentration of boron, which should be lower than 0.2 mg/l. Although this is not a compulsory item now, but it may become so in near future. Thus it is necessary to know rejection ability of various RO membranes against boron and to establish necessary measures to cope with this requirement. In this research, transport parameters of boron permeation were determined using boron rejection data of some commercial membranes. Membranes used were both high and low pressure types, which may be necessary for a two stage process. A process design computer program was set up and was run to estimate boron rejections of a RO unit using transport parameters. Results show that by increasing NRe and the recycle ratio boron concentration can be reduced, but, generally it is difficult to reduce below 0.2 mg/l unless pH at the second stage is increased over 9.9.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (697K) -
ホロセップ「HKシリーズ」田中 聡, 仁田 和秀, 関野 政昭1997 年 22 巻 4 号 p. 217-220
発行日: 1997/07/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーRecently an axial-flow type hollow fiber RO module has been developed as showing more stable RO performance at high recovery operating conditions and as more compact and more cost-reduced module, which was named HOLLOSEP HK Series.
HK Series module has a unique one-packaged structure where the hollow fiber bundle is potted directly into the cylindrical shell. This structure is adopted for the first time in commercialized hollow fiber RO modules in the world.
In this new axial-flow type module the fluid velocity of feed water in the module are several ten times faster than in the conventional radial-flow type module, so that the concentration polarization layer at the membrane surface becomes to be quite thinner and then the more stable and better RO performances are accomplished under the operation condition of the wide range recovery ratio.
This newly developed RO module has been utilized for the high grade pure water in the food processing, cosmetics and medical fields.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (446K)
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