巻号一覧
24 巻 (1999)
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24 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1～9を表示しています
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田坂 雅保, 清野 竜太郎1999 年 24 巻 2 号 p. 78-84
発行日: 1999/03/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーA large amount of work of membrane phenomena has been published in the past. However, the most of them were due to a concentration gradient, a pressure gradient and an electric potential gradient, and membrane phenomena due to a temperature gradient were a little compared with the others. This is because heat flux is considerably high compared with mass fluxes and reliable measurements of the nonisothermal membrane phenomena were very difficult. In this review experimental method and typical data of thermal membrane potential are presented, and the analysis of them based on nonequilibrium thermodynamics is included.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (611K) -
山内 昭1999 年 24 巻 2 号 p. 85-91
発行日: 1999/03/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーStudies on composite membrane with two different kinds of charged groups were reviewed. The composite membranes with parallel and series arrangement of charges, so-called charged mosaic membrane, and bipolar membrane are promised in potential application such as pressure dialysis or water splitting. The characteristics membrane phenomena correlated with the charge structure were interpreted in terms of cross coefficients in a linear phenomenological equation systematically. It can be stressed that a membrane technology in next step will be developed by such novel membranes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (959K) -
谷岡 明彦, 皆川 美江, Patricio Ramírez, Salvador Mafé1999 年 24 巻 2 号 p. 92-99
発行日: 1999/03/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーTransport of amino acids and other organic molecules through synthetic polymer and liquid membranes is of interest not only for devising efficient separation processes in biotechnology but also for a better understanding of a variety of metabolic processes concerning their permeability through biological membranes. Amino acids can be considered as amphoteric compounds having more than one ionizable group. They can exist in cationic, anionic and neutral form depending upon the solution pH. Previous studies on organic acid and amino acid permeation through ion exchange membranes have shown that the transport is pH dependent and that interfacial transport can be the rate-limiting step in the permeation process. We have addressed these questions here both theoretically and experimentally. Firstly, we describe a series of experiments especially designed to show the effects of pH on the interfacial transport of the amino acid (glycine in this case) through a cation exchange membrane. Secondly, we explain the experimental results by using a simple theoretical model based on the equilibrium dissociation equations for the fraction of amino acid forms at different pH values, a rate equation for the interfacial transport based on the interfacial chemical reaction (or alternatively, the Donnan equilibrium relationship) and the Nernst-Planck flux equations for the ion transport through the cation exchange membrane. The results presented show that the rate-limiting step in the transport process is the rate at which amino acid exits the membrane, and constitute a step further in the basic understanding of amino acid permeation across charged membranes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (914K) -
高木 良助1999 年 24 巻 2 号 p. 100-106
発行日: 1999/03/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーWhen a membrane has an effective membrane charge, the membrane charge affects the ionic flux through the partition of ions into the membrane. In this paper, we treated the membrane system where the effective membrane charge was governed by the ions adsorbed selectively. We theoretically discussed the effect of the membrane charge, that is, the effect of the ions adsorbed selectively on the ionic flux using the selective ion adsorption model. As the results of the discussion, we showed that the effective membrane charge density depended on the bulk concentration and the concentration gradient of cation was different from that of anion within the membrane. Utilizing these characteristic properties, it was possible to facilitate the ionic permeation in the wide range of the bulk concentration, comparing with the neutral membrane. We also showed the ionic flux depended on the difference of the mobility between cation and anion more strongly than the neutral membrane and the membrane with a fixed membrane charge.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (885K) -
樋口 亜紺1999 年 24 巻 2 号 p. 107-115
発行日: 1999/03/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーThis article reviews a theoretical and experimental consideration of membrane potential and permeabilities of salts in multi-lamellar ion exchange membranes. Model calculations are described for bipolar membranes consisting of juxtaposed cation and anion exchange membranes. Donnan potential is predicted to be non-zero when the concentrations of external solution on the left- and right-handed sides of the bipolar membrane are equal, while this potential is estimated to be zero from TMS theory for single ion exchange membranes. This is ascribed to the fact that the Donnan potential and the inter-Donnan potential, which is generated at the interfaces of anion and cation exchange layers in bipolar membranes, compensate each other. Permeability differences due to the direction of flux in bipolar membranes are theoretically and experimentally discussed. Molecular recognition of ions or substrates by membrane potential of immobilized enzyme membranes and immobilized DNA membranes are also reviewed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1099K) -
高橋 博, 菊地 賢一1999 年 24 巻 2 号 p. 116-125
発行日: 1999/03/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーA membrane process characterized by an electrical field orthogonal to ion-exchange membranes, a so called electrodialysis, is useful for the separation of ionic species. Although the electrodialysis has featured the separation between a cation and an anion utilizing the selectivity of the membranes, it can apply to the separation between cations (or anions) if their concentrations are changed by the additions of pH controlling agents and complexing agents. In these solutions including additives, however, there are many ionic species generated by dissociation, which makes it difficult to analyze the membrane transport phenomena. This paper describes the following two examples of this novel separation method : the selective separation of amino acids in a wide range of pH and the selective separation of rare-earth metals by use of masking effects of chelating agents. A kinetic model is proposed considering the dissociation of ionic species, ion-exchange equilibrium, and transport of ions in the membrane in order to explain the experimental results.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1144K) -
永井 一清, 樋口 亜紺, 仲川 勤1999 年 24 巻 2 号 p. 126-131
発行日: 1999/03/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーBromination of poly (1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) [PMSP] films were performed with and without ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Bromine atoms were added to carbon-carbon double bonds on the chain backbone of PMSP without UV irradiation. In the case of bromination with UV irradiation, removal of trimethylsilyl groups and oxidation occurred on the UV-irradiated side of the polymer film, while the non-irradiated side had the same structure as that of films brominated without UV irradiation. As bromine content in the polymer increases, the gas permeability decreases. The reduction in gas permeability is dependent on a decrease in gas diffusivity. Unlike conventional glassy polymers, PMSP and brominated PMSP films do not exhibit decreasing gas permeabilities with increasing penetrant size. For example, permeability coefficients of hydrocarbons in these films increase as hydrocarbon penetrant size increases. No difference between the gas permeabilities of irradiated and non-irradiated films is observed. As bromine content increases, the activation energies of permeation (E p) increase because of higher activation energies of diffusion (E D). However, the activation energies of permeation decrease with increasing critical temperature (T c) of the penetrants as a result of a decrease in the heat of solution (ΔH s). No difference between the activation energies of permeation for irradiated and non-irradiated films is observed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (765K) -
Permeation Properties of Composite Membrane Composed of Alginic Acid and Alaska Pollack Roe MembraneRumiko Flujioka, Naoko Ohmachi, Hitomi Hayabuchi, Sei-ichi Manabe1999 年 24 巻 2 号 p. 132-138
発行日: 1999/03/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーAn attempt was made to describe the filtration properties of the composite membrane of an Alaska Pollack roe membrane and an alginic acid salt. The composite membrane was prepared by casting 3 wt% sodium alginate aq. solution containing the roe membrane and then coagulating in the aq.solution of CaCl2 or BaCl2. The molecular orientation in the roe membrane was evaluated through the interference colour observed by a polarization microscope. The membrane permeability P was evaluated through the dead end filtration under the constant transmembrane pressure. The results are : (1) The molecular orientation maintained as prepared even after the filtration. (2) The value of P decreased in general with the filtration time for the salt solution except for the solutions employed in the preparation of the membrane. (3) The decrease proceeded through three steps ; the initial rapid decrease due to the decrease in the mean pore size, the second step of nearly constant filtration rate and the third step of slow decrease due to the dissolution of barium and/or alginate. (4) The P value at the second step showed minimum at 4 wt% in the case of NaCl aq. solution. (5) The permeability ratio between water and 4 wt% NaCl aq. solution changed with the organic solvent treatment. The value of P for the salt solution with various cations and a common anion under the constant mole concentration of 0.5 mol/ l showed the following relation ; Ca2+>K+≥Ba2+=Na+>NH4+>H+.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (789K) -
中野 幸夫1999 年 24 巻 2 号 p. 139-141
発行日: 1999/03/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーFresenius Polysulfone® has been designed for blood purification only. This membrane has been clinically used since the early 1980's. Especially high flux dialyzers using Fresenius Polysulfone® have high blood compatibility and very good removal of larger molecular weight substances.
Fresenius Medical Care started to develop hollow fiber dialyzers using polyamide, however changed the material to polysulfone in 1979. In the early 1980's, the Hemofilter F60 was put on the market.
Clinical studies of Fresenius Polysulfone® dialyzers were presented at the High Permeable Membrane Symposium in Bad Homburg in May, 1984. The quality of this superior membrane is highly evaluated and has become the “golden standard” in hemodialysis today.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (413K)
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