Online ISSN : 1884-6440
Print ISSN : 0385-1036
ISSN-L : 0385-1036
25 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の7件中1~7を表示しています
  • 原田 誠, 足立 基齊
    2000 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 2-10
    発行日: 2000/01/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The characteristics of monolayer on reverse micelles are described focusing on the solubilization of solute molecules and the dynamics of solute exchanges between two reverse micelles and between a reverse micelle and a flat interface. It is demonstarted that the characteristics can be controlled by surfactant and solvent species used and the electrolyte concentration in aqueous bulk phase coexinsting with reverse micelles.
  • 西機 忠昭
    2000 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 11-16
    発行日: 2000/01/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The mass transfer behavior in reversed micellar extraction of proteins and amino acids is presented. First, several proposed models on the solubilization and the release process of substances between an aqueous and organic interface are introduced. Also, our researches are presented concerning the mass transfer rates in forward and backward extractions of protein lysozyme and amino acid phenylalanine using bis (2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) reverse micelles.
  • 市川 創作, 向高 祐邦, 古崎 新太郎
    2000 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 17-22
    発行日: 2000/01/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this review, we introduce our recent studies of the biocompatible reversed micellar systems formed by phospholipids. The formation of biocompatible reversed micelles was found by the significant increase of water content in the organic phase for the following combinations of surfactants/organic solvent : lecithin/ ethyl caproate, lecithin/ethyl oleate, lecithin/ethyl linoleate, phosphatidylcholine (PC) /ethyl caproate, PC/oleic acid. Addition of oleic acid and/or cholesterol to the PC/ethyl oleate system stimulated the formation of the reversed micelles. Characterization of the micelles using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis was presented. Reversed micelles formed in lecithin/ethyl oleate system were spherical and monodisperse. Size of micelles in the organic phase saturated water was almost identical even for different lecithin and water concentrations. Instead, when the lecithin concentration was kept constant, the size changed with the water concentration in the organic phase. The extraction of protein cytochrome c using the biocompatible reversed micellar system was demonstrated. Autoxidation of β-carotene was suppressed when it was solubilized in the lecithin reversed micellar organic phase. Biocompatible reversed micellar system will expand their application field to the food and medical industries.
  • 後藤 雅宏, 小野 努, 古崎 新太郎
    2000 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 23-31
    発行日: 2000/01/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Reversed micelles, which are nanostructural molecular assemblies formed by surfactant molecules in an organic solvent, are a promising separation tool for biomolecules such as amino acids, proteins and nucleic acids. In the separation by reversed micelles, biomolecules transfer from an aqueous solution into a reversed micellar phase through the interaction between surfactant molecules and a target biomolecule : e.g. electrostatic interaction, hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bonding and/or affinity interaction. In particular, the electrostatic interaction has been found to play an important role in the degree of extraction, and the design of reversed micelles often decides the success of separation efficiency. In this article, we reviewed the recent investigation concerning the reversed micellar extraction techniques for biomolecules ; mainly proteins and deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs). We also describe the transfer mechanism of proteins through the protein-surfactant complexes at the liquid-liquid interface. DNAs were first demonstrated to be transferred from an aqueous solution to the reversed micellar phase by using a cationic surfactant. Furthermore, we introduce recent novel application of reversed micelles to the separation of biomolecules.
  • Hiroshi Takahashi, Kiyonao Masui, Peter J. Quinn, Ichiro Hatta
    2000 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 32-35
    発行日: 2000/01/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    X-ray diffraction was used to obtain information on the orientation and location of vitamin E in phospholipid model membranes. It was found that addition of α-tocopherol and to α lesser extent α-tocopheryl acetate to dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DEPE) stabilizes the hexagonal II (HII) phase at the expense of the lamellar liquid-crystalline phase and reduces the lattice constant of the HII phase. This result can be interpreted as suggesting that the vitamin E molecules are located with their long axes parallel to the hydrocarbon chains of DEPE in the HII phase.
  • Hajime Konno, Hiromitsu Aoki, Koichiro Miyajima
    2000 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 36-44
    発行日: 2000/01/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    We investigated the effects of the lipid composition of liposomes preincubated in human serum and the serum components on the uptake by human macrophage-like U937 cells. Liposomal uptake by U937 cells was affected by its lipid composition; phosphatidylserine facilitated the liposomal uptake and the polyoxyethylene glycol (PEG) coating inhibited. Good correlation was observed between the amount of protein bound to liposomes and the uptake of liposomes by U937 cells. Inactivation of complement and IgG caused the decreases in both association of protein and uptake of liposomes. The percent decrease of uptake comparing with normal human serum was invariable regardless of liposomal lipid compositions. The amount of protein bound to liposomes was quantitated after separation by a spin column method from unbound proteins. The proteins associated with the recovered liposomes were further analyzed by conventional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Inactivation of complement system or IgG caused a decrease in liposomal uptake by U937 cells and the ratio of the decrease to the uptake in comparison with normal human serum was invariable regardless of liposomal lipid compositions.These results demonstrated that complement systems and immunoglobulins contribute to serum protein mediated liposomal uptake in human.
    PEG-coating on liposomal surface resulted in decrease of serum protein bound to liposomes. The sort of proteins associated with the liposomes and effects of inactivation of complement or IgG on the cell uptake were almost same as those of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EPC) /cholesterol (CH) liposomes. These results indicate that reticuloendothelial system (RES) -avoiding of PEG-coating liposomes are attributed to the inselective inhibition of serum protein binding probably due to steric barrier effect of PEG chains on the liposome surface, subsequently decrease of affinity with the macrophages.
  • 永井 正彦
    2000 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 45-49
    発行日: 2000/01/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The new reverse osmosis system was developed for the purpose of elimination of pretreatment facility, that is, cost reduction and without coagulant injection. In order to prevent the accumulation of fine particles inside RO module, following two points are improved ; a.) Improvement of RO element construction b.) Development of washing procedure to be effective for discharge of fine particles in RO module.
    Using raw seawater, the improved modules were tested more than two months. The conductivity of permeate was less than 850, μS/ cm and the differential pressure of RO module could be maintained less than 0.05MPa. So it is considered that application of this type of membrane to a small capacity facility for temporary use or for emergency use is practical.
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