Online ISSN : 1884-6440
Print ISSN : 0385-1036
ISSN-L : 0385-1036
29 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の10件中1~10を表示しています
  • 丹羽 修, 岩崎 弦
    2004 年 29 巻 1 号 p. 2-8
    発行日: 2004/01/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    In recent years, Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) has been widely used in bimolecular interaction measurements. Small refractive index change on a gold thin film electrode can be detected by SPR. SPR optics can be realized with relatively simple, yet having high sensitivity. When the gold surface was covered with molecular recognition biological materials, the refractive index of the film will increase upon recognition. This refractive index increase can be detected by SPR. It is also possible to obtain a refractive index mapped image using SPR. We have noticed that SPR can be useful for monitoring of electrochemical reaction which occurred on the gold electrode. Combining these two techniques we developed SPR based enzyme sensor. Our sensor can detect small molecular weight molecules which were not effective by conventional SPR sensors. We also developed a 2D-SPR instrument and the operation of chemical state of a single enzyme spot was imaged.
  • 電気化学的DNAチップを中心として
    石森 義雄
    2004 年 29 巻 1 号 p. 9-16
    発行日: 2004/01/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    DNA chips have been much interested in the detection and the analysis of genes because the sequence of human genome has been determined in the worldwide human genome project. GeneChip (Affimetrix Co.) is the most popular DNA chip. But it is very expensive and needs a huge fluorescence detection equipment. We have been developing an electrochemical gene detection method, named as DNA sensor, for the sake of supplying an easy and cheap device of the gene detection. In recent years, we have focused on the application of the DNA sensor to DNA chip aiming at the bed-side diagnosis of genes. We introduce here the outline of the DNA sensor and the electrochemical DNA chip for the assessment of Interferon therapy in hepatitis c patients.
  • 柳内 延也, 塩谷 茂信, 水野 雅之, 鍋谷 浩志, 中嶋 光敏
    2004 年 29 巻 1 号 p. 17-25
    発行日: 2004/01/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    In corresponding to recent major concerns of consumer to foods, which are expressed as three words : “safety”, “health” and “natural”, we have applied the membrane technology to seasoning production. Many seasoning products are made from natural materials including animal meats, fishes, fresh vegetables and seaweeds, and these materials contain a variety of functional elements. For the utilization of functional elements in seasoning sources, we focused on the antioxidative dipeptides in chicken extract and assembled a serial manufacturing process for isolation and purification of these dipeptides by membrane treatments. Further, we attempted to reduce allergenic substances in various meat extracts and improve the odor in fish sauces by OF technology. In this paper, we briefly introduce some outline of our works.
  • 宮城 淳, 鍋谷 浩志, 中嶋 光敏
    2004 年 29 巻 1 号 p. 26-33
    発行日: 2004/01/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    A study was carried out to improve the quality of used frying oils and to assess the feasibility of recycling as edible oils using a membrane process. Experiments were conducted with used frying oils in a flat membrane batch cell using hydrophobic polymeric membranes. NTGS-2200 membrane, nonporous denser membrane, improved the color and viscosity of the used frying oil to the extent of fresh oil, and also reduced the total polar materials and oxidation products, which normally lead to the deterioration of frying oils. The membrane process was effective for improving the overall quality. Transport mechanism in the membrane is mainly controlled by solution-diffusion effect. Preferential permeation constituents in the membrane would be more non-polar and small-size constituents. The permeate flux must be improved for commercial application.
  • 鵜沢 浩隆
    2004 年 29 巻 1 号 p. 34-41
    発行日: 2004/01/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli O-157 produce highly toxic Shiga toxins (Stx-1 and-2) which often cause fatal diseases like hemolytic uremic syndrome. The rapid detection of these bio-hazardous proteins is indispensable. This article highlights the development of Shiga-toxin sensor utilizing the quartz crystal microbalance method. Particular emphasis in this article is placed on the use of artificial alkyl globobioside (Gb2-C18) and acrylamido Gb2-copolymer as carbohydrate probes, and also on the utility of the toxin sensor allowing the rapid detection within 1 hour.
    The Gb2-C18 probe was synthesized from per-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranose by a conventional chemical pathway. The alkyl Gb2 was then developed onto an air/water surface to prepare the monolayer film, which was transferred onto a quartz cell surface. Upon the addition of crude Stx-1, decrease of frequency reached saturation within 1 hour. In contrast, in the presence of the Gb2-copolymer (MW=2.5×105), no frequency change was observed to show the competitive inhibition. These results show that the binding of Stx-1 is based on specific toxin-Gb2 interactions on the quartz surface. In the case of Stx-2, a largely different response resulted in the presence of the co-polymer. From the practical point of view, the present QCM system will provide a promising tool and methodology for rapid and selective detection of these Shiga toxins.
  • 永井 一清
    2004 年 29 巻 1 号 p. 42-49
    発行日: 2004/01/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Polymer dense membranes have gas permselective properties. In general, the gas permeability of glassy polymers decreases with increasing gas size. The permselectivity of a large gas molecule to a small gas molecule is always smaller than 1. In contrast, the gas permeability of rubbery polymers increases with increasing gas size. The permselectivity of a large molecule to a small molecule is then always greater than 1. The transport of gases in polymer dense membranes is thought to obey a solution-diffusion mechanism. The total permeability is a product of the solubility and the diffusivity. Hence the permselectivity is a product of the solubility selectivity and the diffusivity selectivity. The solubility selectivity of a large molecule to a small molecule is larger than 1. In addition, the solubility selectivity of glassy polymers is the same as that of rubbery polymers. On the other hand, the diffusivity selectivity of a large molecule to a small molecule is always smaller than 1. Glassy polymers have stronger size-sieving ability compared to rubbery polymers. Therefore the diffusivity selectivity of a large molecule to a small molecule in glassy polymers is much smaller than that in rubbery polymers. The dominant factor to determine the permselectivity is the diffusivity selectivity for glassy polymers and the solubility selectivity for rubbery polymers. Interestingly some highly permeable glassy substituted polyacetylenes show the permeation properties opposite to other glassy polymers. Most glassy substituted polyacetylenes obey the behavior of common glassy polymers. However, some of them show the transport behavior like rubbery polymers. Their gas permeability increases with increasing gas size. Because these polymers have much larger fractional free volume compared to common glassy polymers, they show weak size-sieving ability like rubbery polymers. As a result, the solubility selectivity is dominant relative to the diffusivity selectivity unlike common glassy polymers.
  • 培養基板の物理的特性と細胞生理機能との相関
    原 万里子
    2004 年 29 巻 1 号 p. 50-57
    発行日: 2004/01/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Cell growth and the production of substance were investigated in animal cells cultured on extracellular matrix (ECM) protein membranes and various polymeric membranes prepared by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) and casting methods. The relationship between the cell growth or spreading and physical properties (i.e., contact angle and surface roughness) of the polymeric membranes where the cells were cultivated was investigated. Exponential relationship was observed in the plots of the cell density versus root mean square of roughness of the membranes, which was estimated by atomic force microscopy. The cell growth and spreading ratio of animal cells were found to be higher on the LB membranes which adsorbed the serum proteins containing higher content of α-helix than those on the casting membranes. The contact angle of LB membranes was found to be different from that of cast membranes prepared from the same polymer used in the LB membranes. The maximum cell density and spreading ratio were observed on the membranes having a contact angle of around 55 degrees. It is suggested that the adsorbed serum proteins having high α-helix contents on the membranes control and stabilize the proliferation and spreading of animal cells cultivated on the membranes. The highest concentration of CEA was found in the cell culture media of CW-2 cells on collagen (COL) -immobilized PVA-EA membranes. This is explained by the flexible mobility of COL on the COL-immobilized PVA-EA membranes causing a specific cell response for the production of CEA. An inverse relationship was observed between either the cell density, or the CEA concentration in the cell culture media, and the amount of fibronectin (FN) adsorbed on the COL-immobilized membranes. These findings indicate that cells tend to attach to the surface by secreting ECM proteins such as FN when they are grown on substrates that provide weak cell attachment.
  • 伊藤 新次, 吉岡 薫, 寺川 美加
    2004 年 29 巻 1 号 p. 58-65
    発行日: 2004/01/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the ultrafiltration of honey, filtration efficiency can not be expressed by permeate flux because it is necessary to dilute raw honey with water. Instead, rate of recovered sugar (RRS) which considers permeate flux and sugar content, was employed as an indicator of the filtration efficiency in this study.
    The effect of dilution on filtration efficiency was that RRS increased with a decrease in sugar content at initial stage of filtration. However, at concentration factor (CF) above 1.5, RRS at sugar content of 40% was higher than that at sugar content of 30%. This result was probably caused by changes in characteristics of suspended solids in raw honey due to dilution. In this case, the changes were small when the sugar content was 50%.
    The effect of operation temperature on filtration efficiency was shown that high RRS was observed at 50°C rather than 20°C and 30°C, however, temperature influenced cake resistance less than sugar content during filtration.
    The effects of operation pressure and cross-flow velocity on filtration efficiency were that when cross-flow velocity was 1.07-1.6 m/s, RRS increased as pressure increased. Whereas influence of cross-flow velocity on RRS decreased as pressure became decreased.
    Furthermore, total operation energy was easily calculated using inlet pressure under several filtration conditions to obtain a constant volume of permeate.
    At constant pressure, the cross-flow velocity was proportional to the energy. At constant cross-flow velocity, there were optimum pressures at each cross-flow velocity for useful filtration.
  • 松宮 紀文, 松藤 茂雄, 中林 誠, 岡部 和弘, 真野 弘, 寺本 正明
    2004 年 29 巻 1 号 p. 66-72
    発行日: 2004/01/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Gel-coated membranes were prepared by coating hydrophobic microporous PTFE membranes with hydrophilic PVA-PAA gel and used as facilitated transport membrane for the removal of CO2 from model flue gas consisting of 10% CO2 and 90% N2. K2CO3 and Na2CO3 were used as carriers of CO2. Gas permeation experiments were performed at the permeate side pressure of 40mmHg. A facilitated transport membrane prepared by impregnating the gel layers with an aqueous 2 mol/kg K2CO3 solution showed the CO2 permeance of 2.5 × 10-5 cm3 (STP) / (cm2 s cmHg) and this value was much higher than that observed with a conventional facilitated transport membrane prepared by impregnating a hydrophilic microporous membrane with the same carrier solution. The CO2/N2 selectivity was higher than 100. It was confirmed by the long-term test that the gel-coated membrane was stable with no decrease in the CO2 permeance for continuous six-month testing period due to the hygroscopic nature of the gel layer.
  • 浜田 豊三, 宮崎 泰光, 木下 義樹
    2004 年 29 巻 1 号 p. 73-76
    発行日: 2004/01/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Reuse system for car wash water by flocculation, cellulose acetate (CA) ultrafiltration membrane and activated carbon treatments was developed. Multi-blended flocculating agent containing bentonite, Al2 (SO4) 3, sodium alginic acid and cationic polyacrylamide showed higher removals of COD and turbidity for waste car wash water compared with inorganic flocculating agent such as Al2 (SO4) 3 or polymeric flocculating agent individually. Practical scale experiment with membrane area of 48 m2 were conducted under the membrane pressure of 20 kPa. When waste car wash water was treated by this multi-blended flocculating agent of 50 mg/l, permeation flux through the CA membrane showed 1.0 m3/ (m2· day) for more than 6 months. The BOD, COD and extract by n-hexane values of reuse water were 2.5 to 14.0 mg/l, 3.7 to 15.7 mg/l and below 0.5 mg/l, respectively.
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