巻号一覧
29 巻 (2004)
- 6 号 p. 324-
- 5 号 p. 250-
- 4 号 p. 194-
- 3 号 p. 140-
- 2 号 p. 80-
- 1 号 p. 2-
29 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の7件中1～7を表示しています
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寺本 正明2004 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 194-201
発行日: 2004/07/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーRecent developments in the facilitated transport membranes (FTMs) for gas separations with high selectivity are described focusing on CO2/N2, 02/N2 and olefin/paraffin separations. There are two types of FTM, i.e., mobile carrier membrane and fixed carrier membrane. For both types of membrane, the rate and equilibrium of the reaction between the carrier and the penetrant gas have decisive effects on the membrane performance. With respect to fixed carrier membranes for O2/N2 separation, a composite membrane with a very thin active layer of Co (II) -porphyrin complex of about 80nm thickness on a porous support exhibits promising O2 permeance and selectivity. Very efficient solid polymer electrolyte membranes containing silver salts have been developed for olefin/paraffin separations, and the threshold carrier concentration behavior has been elucidated from the coordination behavior of silver ion in the membrane. Finally, a novel type of “facilitated transport membrane” accompanied by permeation of a carrier solution, which overcomes the drawback of liquid membranes such as instability and low permeability, is shown to be very effective for CO2/N2 and C2H4/C2H6 separations.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (965K) -
半田 哲郎2004 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 202-209
発行日: 2004/07/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーPlasma lipoproteins are composed of lipid emulsion particles and apolipoproteins. Lipoproteins, e.g. chylomicrons, VLDL and LDL differ in their lipid composition and particle size, which alter the surface physicochemical properties and influence the distribution of exchangeable apolipoproteins, thus determining the fates of the particles themselves in an animal. In this article, to understand the mechanism by which apolipoproteins associate with plasma lipoprotein particles, the author discussed the effects of lipid composition and surface structure on the apolipoprotein interaction in phospholipid monolayers (emulsions) and bilayers (liposomes). Core lipids in emulsions play roles in determining the binding behavior of apolipoproteins A-1 and E at the particle surface. 13C NMR and fluorescence measurements showed that the acyl chain region of phosphatidylcholine (PC) monolayers at emulsion surface is more restricted than that of liposome PC bilayers, whereas the PC head group region of emulsions is more hydrated. Accordingly, interpenetration of core lipids into surface PC monolayers was presumed to occur in lipid emulsions. The interpenetration causes the separation of PC head groups and leads to enhanced apoA-1 or E binding at emulsion surface. Lipid risk factors, cholesterol, its ester, sphingomyelin and ceramide modify the structure of surface monolayers, leading to the different apolipoprotein binding and cell association.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1392K) -
直江 一光2004 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 210-220
発行日: 2004/07/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーPhysicochemical properties of amphiphile assemblages were analyzed for its application to practical separation of bioproducts. This study paid attention to reverse micelles in organic solvents as amphiphile assemblages. In the protein extraction using reverse micelles, the minimum of amphiphile concentration required for a complete extraction for each protein was found. Under the minimal amphiphile condition, the recovery of activity of the protein was maximized, indicating that the minimal condition is important for recovering a higher activity of the protein in this system. In the extraction from a complex feed system containing multiprotein components, it was concluded that a protein with a high amphiphilic character behaves like a cosurfactant, and which helps other proteins to be solubilized in the micelles. The interaction between reverse micelles depended on the organic solvent forming the system as well as the protein solubilization, indicating that the state of the micro-interface of reverse micelles is a significant factor governing the forward and backward extractions of proteins in the reverse micellar system. The extraction behavior of the proteins solubilizing at the micellar interface also depended on the flexibility of the higher order structure of the proteins. The role of the micellar interface is also dominant for enzymatic reactions in the system.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1418K) -
山口 猛央2004 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 221-226
発行日: 2004/07/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーA new membrane, called the pore-filling membrane, was proposed. The membrane is composed of two kinds of polymer materials. One is a porous substrate film or hollow fiber which is inert to organic liquids, and the other is a polymer, soluble with only specific solvents, filling the substrate pores. The solubility difference of the filling polymer exhibits permselectivity, and the substrate matrix restrains the swelling of the filling polymer. The membrane showed high separation performances based on the concept, and moreover the membrane performances can be predicted by model simulation. Thus, membrane design can be realized with high performances. Also, the pore-filling membrane can be used for membranes of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Proton conductivity was achieved through the filling electrolyte polymer inside the porous matrix. Fuel crossover was restricted by suppression of the swelling of the electrolyte polymer, and the mechanical strength at high temperature was maintained by the substrate. The membrane showed high fuel cell performances for both PEMFC and DMFC.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (658K) -
Toru Yunok, Kanji Matsumoto, Kazuho Nakamura2004 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 227-235
発行日: 2004/07/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーThe differential flow method (DFM) test equipment was newly developed to measure the pore size distribution (PSD) of filter having relatively large pore size like nonwoven fibrous filter. The applicability of this equipment was investigated by using the Nuclepore membrane filters (PC membranes) having different pore size of 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 2.0μm and the stainless steel nonwoven fibrous filter having different fiber diameter and filter porosity. The fiber diameters of stainless steel were 2, 4 and 8μm and the range of filter porosity was 0.6-0.85. The PSD of PC membranes measured by DFM almost agreed with that measured by SEM observation and the mean flow pore size measured by DFM also agreed with the nominal one. The PSD was not influenced by the kind of wetting liquids used here, i.e. ethylene glycol, IPA and PorofilTM. The PSD of nonwoven fibrous filter depended on the kind of wetting liquids, although the maximum pore size evaluated by the bubble point was not influenced by them. The mean flow pore size measured by DFM in the nonwoven fibrous filter almost agreed with the mean pore size measured by liquid permeation method.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (834K) -
都英 次郎, 丸山 達生, 神谷 典穂, 後藤 雅宏2004 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 236-243
発行日: 2004/07/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーWe have developed a lipase-facilitated organogel membrane for selective separation of organic acids. We previously demonstrated that lipase-catalyzed reactions drove transport of organic acids through a supported liquid membrane. In this study, a lipase-facilitated liquid membrane was gelled with 12-hydroxystearic acid to stabilize the liquid membrane phase. The lipase-facilitated organogel membrane exhibited the improved stability of the liquid membrane phase compared with a non-gelled supported liquid membrane, although the permeate flux of an organic acid through the organogel membrane was less than that through the non-gelled liquid membrane. The lipase-facilitated organogel membrane demonstrated the selective separation of 3-phenoxypropionic acid from various organic acids due to the substrate specificity of lipases. Enantioselective separation of (S) -ibuprofen from racemic ibuprofen was also achieved owing to the enantioselectivity of lipase.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (925K) -
矢座 岳彦2004 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 244-247
発行日: 2004/07/01
公開日: 2011/03/04
ジャーナル フリーThe determination of pore size and pore size distribution is very important for the preparation, characterization and application of porous materials.In the past, mercury intrusion porosimetry and nitrogen adsorption are commonly used for the measurement of the pore size of powders, depending on the range of the pore size. However, these methods are not suitable for determining the pore sizes of membranes.
Therefore, we have developed a new measuring instrument for pore size distribution on a commercial basis. The basic principle of this instrument is based on capillary condensation of a vapor and its ability to block the permeation of a non-condensable gas.
This instrument can measure pore size distribution in relation to filtration, separation and gas permeability at the same time, and separation factor of condensable gases.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (632K)
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