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Volume 29 (2004)
- Issue 6 Pages 324-
- Issue 5 Pages 250-
- Issue 4 Pages 194-
- Issue 3 Pages 140-
- Issue 2 Pages 80-
- Issue 1 Pages 2-
Volume 29, Issue 5
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Shingo Kazama2004 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 250-257
Published: September 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCardo polyimide hollow fiber membranes were developed as an alternative to existing commercial amine absorption for CO2 capture from flue gases. To investigate the relationship between chemical structures and CO2 separation properties, various cardo polyimides were synthesized to measure CO2 separation properties, and some chemical structure was found to give remarkable properties both in CO2 permeation and selectivity. An asymmetric hollow fiber membrane of a bromated cardo polyimide showed excellent CO2 separation properties; CO2 permeation rate : 1.3×10-3 cm3 (STP) / (cm2 sec cmHg) (=1300 GPU, =7.5×10-9 Nm3/ (m2 sec Pa)) and CO2/N2 selectivity : 40. The permeation rate in an order of 10-3 cm3 (STP) / (cm2 sec cmHg) would be the first accomplishment in polymeric membranes.
An economic analysis was carried out for CO2 separation using the hollow fiber membrane followed by a liquefaction process. The total cost of CO2 separation and liquefaction from an exhausted gas were estimated at 4, 900 JPY/t-CO2 for a flue gas from steel works (CO2 concentration : 26.8%). The equivalent cost of an amine absorption was 5, 300 JPY/t-CO2 for steel works. In the CO2 concentration around 25% or more, membrane separation has an advantage in the CO2 separation and liquefaction cost. Energy required in CO2 separation and liquefaction was 0.28 kWh/kg-CO2 for steel works.View full abstractDownload PDF (1504K) -
Yuji Iwamoto2004 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 258-264
Published: September 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCeramic membranes with micropores smaller than 1 nm have great potential for gas separation. Compared to polymer membranes, microporous ceramic membranes with molecular sieve-like properties have relatively high gas permeances and a good stability at higher-temperatures. Moreover, microporous ceramic membranes can be expected to use in membrane reactors for conversion enhancement in methane reforming reactions for hydrogen production. This report presents recent research topics on the development of hydrogen permselective microporous ceramic membranes at our institute : Mesoporous amorphous alumina capillary tube (MAAC) as a fine porous support for microporous ceramic membranes fabricated by novel pulse sequential anodic oxidation technique, chemical solution precursor-derived novel nickel nanoparticle-dispersed amorphous silica membranes on the MAAC synthesized by in-situ compositing technique, and microporous amorphous silica membranes on a porous ceramic support by polymer pyrolysis technique. These techniques can provide control of the micro-/meso-porous structure as well as control of the chemical composition at the atomic/molecular levels, which leading to the development highly efficient microporous ceramic membranes for high-temperature separation of hydrogen.View full abstractDownload PDF (1637K) -
The Research Results in JRCM ProjectHideki Kurimura, Makoto Harada2004 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 265-271
Published: September 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTeikoku Oil Co., Ltd. is carrying out the new technical development which manufactures synthetic gas or hydrogen efficiently using the oxygen transmission ceramics membrane which has mixed conductivity. Development of the membrane reactor using the mixed conductor which unified the oxygen separation and methane partial oxidization reaction are expected as a new device of the synthetic gas manufacture technology from a natural gas.
Until now, optimization of a mixed conductor and catalyst material, the catalyst arrangement method in a membrane reactor, structure, seal junction technology, a simulation, etc. are carried out to reporting the knowledge from which many results were raised in the category called component engineering. Although self supported membrane attained oxygen flux 20 cc/min/cm2, supported membrane attained oxygen flux 13 cc/min/cm2 in this study.
Membrane material with higher stability are developed, next step is to shift to construction of the actual pilot plant of an oxygen membrane ATR reactor.View full abstractDownload PDF (1467K) -
Harumi Yokokawa2004 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 272-278
Published: September 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCharacteristic features of solid oxide fuel cells have been reviewed with an emphasis on their features as membrane reactor. In particular, the mass transfer characteristics of electrolytes and interconnect materials have been discussed to clarify the appropriateness as SOFC electrolyte and interconnects. For electrolyte, the low electron conductivity in addition to the high oxide conductivity is essential. Since the relatively large electron contribution for doped ceria, these materials cannot be used as SOFC electrolyte, whereas lanthanum gallate-based electrolyte exhibits excellent properties particularly at low temperatures. For interconnect materials, lanthanum chromite exhibits excellent properties. The oxygen permeation through the calcium doped lanthanum chromite has been identified as surface reaction limited process, which allows to use as thin interconnect.View full abstractDownload PDF (893K) -
Yoshikazu Nishihara2004 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 279-284
Published: September 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe products which generates oxygen enriched air was developed by carrying an oxygen enrichment membrane and vacuum pump into an inverter type air-conditioner. This air-conditioner is the products which can maintain indoor air at the balance of a nature by applying about 30% of high concentration oxygen indoors.View full abstractDownload PDF (1093K) -
Kazuhiko Nakada2004 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 285-289
Published: September 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe gas permeability (Dk) is one of the important characteristics of contact lens (CL) materials for safety CL wearing.
ISO standards of the Dk measurement method are published in 1996 and 2000.
In ISO standards, reference materials are requested to get the calibration cave for Dk measurement.
According to ISO standards we are able to get the good reproducibility of Dk measurement and compare Dk with other CL.View full abstractDownload PDF (469K) -
Tadahiko Katsura2004 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 290-294
Published: September 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGas-barrier property is a most important factor for food packaging. Now polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) resins are still in wide use as gas-barrier films. However, PVDC resins as packaging materials have been declining in face of various environmental problems they pose. Under these circumstances, ethylene vinyl alcohol co-polymer (EVOH) films, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) -coated polypropylene films, MXD6 nylon resins, and silica-or alumina-coated PET films are becoming the mainstream for gas-barrier purposes.
Recently, various types of oxygen scavengers have been developed and applied as active packaging materials. PET bottles having oxygen barrier or scavenging properties are now used for plastic beer bottles in Europe and United States. EVOH and MXD6 nylon are used as the oxygen barrier materials. As the oxygen scavenging materials, the blend of MXD6 nylon and cobalt salt are used for PET bottles.
In Japan, oxygen scavenging PET bottles are used for plastic tea bottles.View full abstractDownload PDF (653K) -
Koji Sakuta2004 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 295-300
Published: September 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVarious kinds of silicone polymer have been synthesized and commercialized as cosmetic ingredients. Among these silicones, silicone film formers are widely used to provide long lasting property which has perspiration and sebum resistance. We introduce here silicone grafted acrylic polymer for nail polish and silicone modified pullulan for foundation, and in this article, permeability of moisture vapor and oxygen were presented with actual cosmetic products. Nail polish with good volatility could be obtained by adding silicone grafted acrylic polymer. By modifying with silicone, perspiration resistance can be added to the pullulan at the same film forming property with much higher oxygen permeability. As a result, high performance foundation without secondary stain to clothes could be obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (808K) -
Masato Kukizaki, Tadao Nakashima2004 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 301-308
Published: September 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn acid leaching process in the preparation of porous glass membranes from phase-separated glass in the Na2O-CaO-MgO-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 system was investigated under various leaching conditions. Whenever colloidal silica was precipitated and the diffusion of reactants was restricted in the pores, the porous glass membrane always cracked during the acid leaching process. Porous glass membrane with a smaller pore size cracked easily. However, when colloidal silica did not deposit in the pores and the overall reaction rate was controlled by leaching at the interface of the acid-soluble glass phase, the membrane did not crack. It was considered that the acid leaching process was composed of interfacial reaction-controlled and/or diffusion-controlled processes. The apparent activation energy of the former was almost constant at 42.2 kJ·mol-1 in spite of different pore sizes, whereas the activation energy of the latter increased from 8.2 kJ·mol-1 with decreasing membrane pore size. Thus, porous glass membranes with uniformly controlled pores of 200 nm or less in diameter were prepared under the interfacial reaction-controlled leaching process, and showed a mechanical strength that was high enough for practical use.View full abstractDownload PDF (1352K) -
Masato Kukizaki, Tadao Nakashima, Masataka Shimizu2004 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 309-318
Published: September 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe permeation behavior of monodispersed emulsion permeated through porous glass membrane with uniform size controlled pores was examined. When emulsion having droplets larger than the pore size was permeated at a higher pressure, the emulsion showed a different permeation behavior in respect to the membrane surface; droplets, larger than the pore size and having a high affinity for the membrane surface, were deformed to enter the pore so that demulsification occurred. Demulsification efficiency was dependent on the permeation pressure and the droplet size of the feed emulsion. However, if there was low affinity between the droplets and the membrane surface, a monodispersed emulsion with droplets nearly equal to or less than the pore size was generated. The droplet size of the permeated emulsion slightly decreased with increasing permeation pressure, while it was hardly influenced by the droplet size of the feed emulsion. By contrast, at a lower pressure, the droplets of a size smaller than the pores were all permeated and the droplets larger than the pore size were all rejected regardless of the surface condition of the membrane.View full abstractDownload PDF (1493K) -
Hiroki Sakakibara, Mikiko Fukatani2004 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 319-321
Published: September 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA high concentration carbon dioxide spring was used for the treatment for circulatory disease such as peripheral arterial disease or hypertension in Europe. We applied the multi-layered composite hollow fiber membrane (MHF) developed as an artificial lung use, and developed the carbon dioxide enriched water preparation device which could control carbon dioxide concentration with high solubility. The structure of MHF, the characteristic of device and the physiological effect of carbon dioxide bath therapy are reported.View full abstractDownload PDF (837K)
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