巻号一覧
31 巻 (2006)
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- 5 号 p. 226-
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- 3 号 p. 157-
- 2 号 p. 83-
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31 巻, 5 号
選択された号の論文の14件中1～14を表示しています
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講演録
特集:シンポジウム「膜と健康」：膜による水処理技術の新展開
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松山 秀人2006 年 31 巻 5 号 p. 226-230
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2015/06/19
ジャーナル オープンアクセスThe preparation of porous membranes for drinking water production has been attracting attention due to the world-wide water shortage. The porous membranes are usually prepared by the phase separation methods such as nonsolvent induced phase separation (NIPS) and thermally induced phase separation (TIPS). Here, I mainly focused on the TIPS membrane formation and structure control. In addition, attempts to design the membrane preparation process are reviewed and some simulation results of phase separation process by the spinodal decomposition are described.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (934K) -
谷口 元2006 年 31 巻 5 号 p. 231-234
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2015/06/19
ジャーナル オープンアクセスModern waterworks in Japan started in Yokohama in 1887 with the aim of improving public health and living standards. In just over a century, the population served by water supply as a percent of the total population has exceeded 97%. The waterworks plays a key role in the social infrastructure to support people’s health and economic activities in Japan. However, urgent issues in recent years that need to be addressed include the expansion of trace chemical substances and water contamination, renovation of old purification facilities, shortage of skilled waterworks engineers, response to customer needs, and waterworks management. Membrane filtration has recently drawn attention as an effective solution. This paper describes the research and development of the membranes filtration systems and the introduction of membrane filtration facilities, as well as future prospects.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (637K) -
村上 孝雄2006 年 31 巻 5 号 p. 235-237
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2015/06/19
ジャーナル オープンアクセスIntroduction of MBR to municipal wastewater treatment has started recently. MBR offers many advantages as compared with the conventional wastewater treatment processes, and a future spread is expected. Although application to small-scale plants have taken the lead so far, application to a large-scale institution or retrofitting will be also expected in the future. In the text, the present condition and the subject of application of MBR to municipal wastewater treatment are introduced.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (631K) -
大村 達夫2006 年 31 巻 5 号 p. 238-242
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2015/06/19
ジャーナル オープンアクセスIt is of primary importance to efficiently remove pathogenic viruses in wastewater treatment, because a large number of pathogenic viruses are excreted from patients of infectious diseases and flow into wastewater treatment plants. However, conventional wastewater treatment processes have generally shown poor performances in virus removal and inactivation, and the contamination of water environment with pathogenic viruses via treated wastewater has been often reported. In this article, the characteristics of pathogenic viruses appeared in water and wastewater are introduced, and the feasibility of the membrane bioreactor (MBR) in the removal of indigenous Noroviruses (NoVs) from wastewater was evaluated. The results showed that indigenous NoVs were well removed by MBR, and MBR could be the promising way to reduce viruses from wastewater and to prevent water environment from the virus contamination.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (672K)
講演録
特集:人工膜ミニシンポジウム：水素製造のための膜分離技術の進展
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都留 稔了2006 年 31 巻 5 号 p. 258-262
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2015/06/19
ジャーナル オープンアクセスMicroporous silica membranes prepared by the sol-gel method are reviewed. Silica membranes having hydrogen permselectivity are expected to be in use for steam reforming of methane, which requires high permselectivity and hydrothermal stability at high temperatures. In the overview of recent development of microporous silica membranes regarding substrates, intermediate layers, and separation layers, the improvement of hydrothermal stability of amorphous silica by incorporating metal elements such as Ni and Co was emphasized. A catalytic membrane which has separation and reaction ability is also reviewed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (638K) -
野村 幹弘2006 年 31 巻 5 号 p. 263-266
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2015/06/19
ジャーナル オープンアクセスAmorphous silica shows selective hydrogen diffusion at high temperatures. Hydrogen permselective silica membranes prepared by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method were reviewed. There are two CVD methods classified by supply directions of silica precursors. One is a one side geometry method which silica precursors are supplied from the one side of a porous substrate. The other is a counter diffusion method which two precursors are introduced from the other side of a porous substrate. Recently, a hydrothermal stable silica membrane was prepared by a counter diffusion method using TMOS and O2 as precursors. Reproducibility of the silica membranes were over 90%.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (602K) -
須田 洋幸2006 年 31 巻 5 号 p. 267-270
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2015/06/19
ジャーナル オープンアクセスThe increasing demand for pure hydrogen in operating fuel cells, the great attraction of dehydrogenation and hydrogenation membrane reactions, prospective uses in producing hydrogen related fine chemicals, and the traditional application in petrochemical and metallurgical processes make the Pd-based metal membrane for hydrogen separation extremely important. Prior to its industrialization, however, the metal membrane must satisfy multiple objectives, such as delivering high hydrogen permeance, overcoming hydrogen embrittlement, showing mechanical/thermal/chemical stability, and lowering cost. Of these the important points to be addressed are how to prepare thinner membrane without defects and how to avoid stress and force at interface between the membrane and substrate. Here a survey on this point was made, followed by an introduction of a novel combined organic/inorganic process for preparing a thin and defect-free metal membrane with a small interstice at the membrane/substrate interface. This novel structure led to excellent hydrogen permeance, selectivity and membrane stability for long-term use.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (714K) -
松方 正彦2006 年 31 巻 5 号 p. 271-274
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2015/06/19
ジャーナル オープンアクセスC1 chemistry, production technologies of fuel and chemicals from syngas, includes processes that would be possible to improve their productivity, to save energy requirement, and thereby to reduce production costs by selectively removing products from syngas through membrane. In this report, the results of process simulation on methanol synthesis are introduced to discuss about efficiency of membrane reactor in this process. The process simulation demonstrated that methanol productivity was substantially improved by removing products, methanol and water, in situ from the reaction system. A key issue is to develop microporous inorganic membranes enabling us to separate products like water and alcohol at high temperatures up to 300℃ and high pressures up to 100 atm.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (712K)
講演録
特集:シンポジウム「膜と健康」：感染症病原体と膜のせめぎ合い
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髙田 礼人2006 年 31 巻 5 号 p. 243-247
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2015/06/19
ジャーナル オープンアクセスEnveloped viruses have a lipid bilayer (envelope) surrounding viral components including their genomic DNA or RNA. The entry of these viruses into host cells requires membrane fusion between viral envelope and host cell plasma membrane. Envelope-associated glycoproteins bind to the specific receptors and catalyze membrane fusion. Newly synthesized viral proteins and genomic nucleic acids are incorporated into new envelope at the final stage of virus replication, budding. This article reviews the interaction between viral proteins and host cell membrane.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (782K) -
度会 雅久2006 年 31 巻 5 号 p. 248-252
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2015/06/19
ジャーナル オープンアクセスIntracellular bacteria are capable of surviving inside macrophages and are thought to actively modify their phagosomes to avoid lysosomal fusion for intracellular survival. Both entry and intracellular growth of Legionella and Brucella are dependent on an interaction with microdomains of the cellular membranes. These microdomains, commonly referred to as lipid rafts, are enriched in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) -anchored proteins, glycosphingolipids and cholesterol. Lipid raft-associated molecules are selectively incorporated into phagosomes containing Legionella and Brucella and treatment of raft-disrupting agents inhibits bacterial internalization and intracellular replication. Since lipid rafts involve in signaling pathway in immune cells, entry processes associated with lipid rafts may lead bacteria into compartments that avoid fusion with the lysosomal network. Plasma membrane cholesterol of macrophages is also required for bacterial proliferation in mice. Thus, lipid raft microdomains not only influence the bacterial internalization and intracellular replication, but also contribute to the establishment of bacterial infection.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (694K) -
高桑 雄一2006 年 31 巻 5 号 p. 253-257
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2015/06/19
ジャーナル オープンアクセスErythrocytes appear not to accept Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) invasion easily since their membranes are stable and deformable due to membrane mechanical properties which are maintained by the submembranous skeletal network. However, Pf does invade erythrocytes. In the present symposium, based on our ongoing studies we want to discuss the mechanisms about (1) Pf invasion into erythrocytes, (2) prevention of Pf invasion into Pf-infected erythrocytes, and (3) Pf release from erythrocytes after maturation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (831K)
原著
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甲斐 照彦, 小田原 啓太, 冨田 暁彦, 石川 徹, 河村 光隆, 中尾 真一2006 年 31 巻 5 号 p. 275-280
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2015/06/19
ジャーナル オープンアクセスGating membranes that are sensitive to ethanol concentration were prepared by plasma-graft filling polymerization and their gating function was investigated by permeation experiments using ethanol/water mixture containing glucose and yeast, and using fermentation solution. When ethanol/water mixture containing glucose and yeast was used, permeation rate (when gate was open) decreased significantly with operating time. This result suggests that gating function was being deteriorated by fouling, probably by small fragments of yeast. Flux decline was suppressed to some extent by controlling operating conditions. Furthermore, use of prefilter having proper pore size on the gating membrane could suppress the flux decline significantly. Continuous fermentation/permeation experiment was conducted using gating membrane covered with a prefilter. Although permeation rate decreased with operating time when the gate was open, it was confirmed that the gating membrane could open and close its pores responding to ethanol concentration. This result showed that it is possible to apply the gating membrane to the fermentation process.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (649K)
速報
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Takanori Matsuura, Tsutomu Sada, Masakazu Yoshikawa, Naoya Ogata2006 年 31 巻 5 号 p. 281-283
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2015/06/19
ジャーナル オープンアクセスDNA-lipid complex membranes from highly purified DNA from salmon milt and cationic amphiphilic lipids showed a high permselectivity toward O2. The permselectivity was dependent on types of cationic amphiphiles. The DNAlipid complex membrane consisting of octadecyltrimethylammonium cation (C18TMA) showed a high permselectivity of 26.9.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (474K)
製品&技術
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佐野 友彦, 岡田 譲二, 福田 啓一2006 年 31 巻 5 号 p. 284-286
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2015/06/19
ジャーナル オープンアクセスStratum corneum, the outermost layer of skin, plays an important role on barrier function, which resists external stimuli, and on water holding property. Stratum corneum consists of corneocyte cells and intercellular lipid layers, which are located between corneocyte cells. The intercellular lipid layers are considered to be important in terms of barrier and water holding property of stratum corneum. Intercellular lipid layers, consisting of ceramide and cholesterol and fatty acid, form lamellar structure to hold water in its hydrophilic moiety. We developed pseudo-ceramide to optimize water holding property of natural ceramide. We found that sphingoshine/ceramide /water system formed intercellular lipid-like structure and that the emulsion utilizing the system showed significant improvement on skin roughness and water holding property of skin. We applied these technologies to our cosmetic products.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (623K)
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