All issues
Volume 38 (2013)
- Issue 6 Pages 260-
- Issue 5 Pages 200-
- Issue 4 Pages 152-
- Issue 3 Pages 108-
- Issue 2 Pages 64-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 38, Issue 3
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Foreword
Review Article
Special Topic
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Shiro Seki, Masayoshi Watanabe2013 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 108-113
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 21, 2014
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSLithium-ion secondary batteries have the advantages of high energy density and long cycle life, and thus, have been expected as energy storage devices for portable electronics devices, electric vehicles (EVs) and acceptance devices of renewable energy (wind power, solar power, and so on). The safety of lithium-ion secondary batteries becomes more important with increasing battery size, and research and development of battery safety issues using various electrolyte materials is strongly desired. Solid polymer electrolytes have been attracting attention as safe lithium-ion secondary battery electrolytes for large-scale energy storage devices instead of volatile aprotic organic solvents. In this report, we describe the research and development of lithium-ion secondary batteries using solid electrolytes as highly safe materials.View full abstractDownload PDF (783K) -
Hiroshi Segawa2013 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 114-118
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 21, 2014
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSNext-generation solar cells based on new concepts and/or novel materials are currently attracting wide interests. The solar cell is recognized as “Artificial Membrane for Photo-energy Conversion”. Among new types of solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) have received much attention as the low-cost solar cell. In our study, panchromatic photoelectric conversion up to around 1000 nm has been accomplished by the use of new sensitizer. We prepared the mechanical stack tandem solar cell showing a high overall power conversion efficiency (η) of about 12%. On the other hand, polymer-sensitized solar cell (PSSC) were constructed as hybrid organic solar cell by the use of novel soluble polythiophene derivatives with hydrophilic anchoring units. The PSSC sensitized with two types of the polymers yielded higher IPCE values in the visible region because of dual-sensitization. As for the other hybrid organic photovoltaics, surface complexes formed of TiO2 with dicyanomethylene compounds (TCNX) were used for the solar cells where the charge separation occurs directly by the charge-transfer transitions. At the last part, a three-electrode solar rechargeable battery, namely “energy-storable dye-sensitized solar cell (ES-DSSC)” was described.View full abstractDownload PDF (880K) -
Hiroyoshi Kawakami2013 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 119-125
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 21, 2014
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSProton exchange membrane fuel cells, which efficiently convert chemical energy into electrical energy via oxidation and reduction reactions, are receiving considerable attention as an alternative energy source because of their high energy efficiency and no emissions of pollutants. One of the most important technical focuses is on developing proton exchange membranes that are able to achieve a high proton conductivity, low gas permeability of the fuel and oxidant, and sufficient chemical stabilities. Recently, we have prepared polymer electrolyte membranes composed of aligned nanofibers for the first time, and revealed that the composite membranes showed a higher proton conductivity and lower gas permeability than the membrane without nanofibers. In addition, we found that the proton conductivity of a single nanofiber significantly increased when compared to that of the membrane.View full abstractDownload PDF (1020K) -
Hideyuki Shishitani, Susumu Yamaguchi, Hirohisa Tanaka, Kimio Yoshimur ...2013 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 126-130
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 21, 2014
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSAnion exchange membrane (AEM) fuel cells, especially direct hydrazine fuel cells (DHFCs), are attracting lots of attention. The most important issue of DHFCs is fast degradation of AEM due to crossover of fuel. Therefore, AEMs which achieve both high ion conductivity and low permeability are needed. In this study, AEMs which have high alkaline durability were synthesized by using γ-ray grafting method and the properties of the AEM were evaluated.View full abstractDownload PDF (930K) -
Kenichi Oyaizu, Hiroyuki Nishide2013 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 131-136
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 21, 2014
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSEnergy storage by organic redox-active molecules is based on the electromotive force produced from a couple of molecules which are different in redox potentials. Reversible and high-density charge storage by redox polymers ( [Red/Ox]polym ) require charge transport and electroneutralization by electrolyte ions throughout the polymer layer populated in high density with the redox-active groups. Charging/discharging capabilities are accomplished by fabricating organic rechargeable air batteries ((-) M | [Red]polym ↔ [Ox]polym | KOH, H2O | C (catalyst), O2 (+)), using polymer layers as the anode-active material which undergo reversible charging at potentials more negative than that of O2. Nonconjugated polymers with various types of main chains populated with anthraquinone derivatives per repeating unit have been synthesized with a view to unravel their charge transport and storage properties based on the n-type redox reactions. Anthraquinone-functionalized polymers have been proposed as a new class of anodeactive materials with negative charge storage properties and large redox capacities, as a result of the capability of using almost all of the redox sites in the polymer. The polymer/carbon composite layer allowed efficient swelling of the polymer in aqueous electrolyte solutions, giving rise to the rechargeable air battery effect with more than 500 charge/discharge cycle performances.View full abstractDownload PDF (772K)
Original Contribution
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Sri Mulyati, Ryosuke Takagi, Yoshikage Ohmukai, Hideto Matsuyama2013 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 137-144
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 21, 2014
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate the effect of the membrane surface on improvements to monovalent anion selectivity and antifouling potential of anion exchange membranes for electrodialysis, a Neosepta ACS monovalent selective anion exchange membrane surface was modified by layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition. The modification used poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate, PSS) as the polyanion and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) as the polycation. The results were compared with those for a Neosepta AMX standard anion exchange membrane. For AMX, the monovalent selectivity increased with the number of layers and became constant above 15 layers, with the antifouling potential being a maximum at seven layers (PSS top layer). On the other hand, for ACS, the monovalent anion selectivity did not depend significantly on the number of layers. The antifouling potential was at a maximum with the first (PSS) layer. Thus, the effect of surface modification by LbL deposition on membrane performance depended on the membrane surface even if the membrane surface was treated by the same procedure. This behavior is due to the difference in the formation mechanisms of the polyelectrolyte multilayer in the first few layer pairs.View full abstractDownload PDF (694K)
Products Spotlight
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Shigetoshi Hayashi, Yuji Ito, Atsuo Kumano2013 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 145-148
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 21, 2014
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSTOYOBO has developed a new CTA hollow fiber RO membrane product suitable for water reclamation by MBR + RO system, which has excellent features such as high permeability, low pressure, chlorine resistance and surfactant resistance.
Increasing asymmetry of membrane structure formation makes them possible to improve flux and solute rejections and to lower operational pressure. Both open-ended (B.O.E.) element design are applied to reduce the pressure loss in a RO lumen for large size modules.
A stable and sufficient performance of this new product was observed in the pilot testing of water reclamation from MBR treated sewage, using intermittent chlorine injection (ICI) method.View full abstractDownload PDF (799K)
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