MEMBRANE
Online ISSN : 1884-6440
Print ISSN : 0385-1036
ISSN-L : 0385-1036
Volume 39, Issue 4
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
Special Topic : Plenary Lecture in 36 Annual Meeting
Lecture Note
Special Topic : Prospects of membrane technology for water treatment V
Review Article
  • Shuji Nakatsuka, Tomoichi Watabe
    2014 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 187-193
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2015
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Two strategies are introduced to reduce the membrane fouling in the drinking water production by using ultrafil-tration hollow fiber membrane. One is to use the low fouling membrane with the hydrophilic cellulose acetate (CA)hollow fiber with high porous structure. Another is to use microbubbles as the pretreatment method for the ultrafil-tration of the river water. The permeate flux for the cellulose acetate membrane was much higher than that of thehydrophobic polyethersulfone membrane. Furthermore, the filtration flux of CA membrane was extremely enhancedby introducing microbubbles to the raw water during the filtration. The microbubbles were generated by pumpingthe raw water with air bubbles into a slit under high share stress. The effects of microbubbles on the flux were exam-ined at the various filtration conditions by using the pilot plant operations. The filtration fluxes were maintained tothe high values by the use of microbubbles in raw water during the filtration and were recovered even if the flux oncedecreased. The membrane filtration technology by using microbubbles can reduce the cost of the water treatmentand the energy consumption of the filtration operation.
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  • Yoshihide Kaiya
    2014 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 194-200
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2015
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    This paper presents our proposed fouling potential (FP) as an index measuring the quality of membrane feed wateras well as an application of a submerged membrane filtration system using an existing sedimentation tank in the renew-al of a water treatment plant.FP gives the organic fouling potential of membrane feed water through simple laboratory–scale membrane filtrationtesting. The value of FP varies depending on the raw water type, including river water, lake water, and groundwater. Ittends to agree with empirical criteria for the determination of membrane permeate flux and is anticipated to reflect thefouling characteristics of raw water. At the same time, FP correlates less well with typical organic matter indices (DOCand UVA260), which thus cannot provide an estimation of FP. This fact suggests that the organic matter indices, such asDOC, are not necessarily appropriate for the evaluation of irreversible membrane fouling during water purification. FParises dominantly from high molecular materials with a molecular weight of 100 kDa or more in membrane feed water;therefore, this group of materials may significantly affect membrane fouling during water purification.Upon renewal of water treatment plants, a space–saving submerged membrane filtration system allows the use of anexisting confined tank, e.g., a sedimentation tank or a filtration tank, as a membrane–submerged tank. Compared tothe construction of new water treatment plants, the use of an existing tank is expected to reduce the huge costs associ-ated with the securing of a site and the re–installation of large diameter water transmission/distribution pipes. It mayalso reduce construction waste by eliminating the installation of a new membrane–submerged tank or the demolition ofan existing water treatment plant. A submerged membrane filtration system operating at low trans–membrane pres-sure can replace existing processes to allow for membrane filtration by gravity flow due to the water level differencebetween the receiving well and the treated water reservoir, as is the case with conventional rapid filtration systems.Depending on the design membrane permeate flux, the submerged membrane filtration system can perform membranefiltration based only on the water level difference and without consuming power even during low water temperatureperiods or in the presence of irreversible membrane fouling, thus contributing to significant operational energy savings.
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  • Shin-ichi Nakao
    2014 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 201-208
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2015
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Global shortage of water resources is one of the biggest problems in 21stcentury. In many developing countries,sewerage system has not been installed, and pollution of water environment is also big problem. It is very difficult toinstall wide-area sewerage in such countries. Therefore small and medium-sized decentralized system for waste-water treatment and reuse is necessary. Integrated Intelligent Satellite System (IISS)has been proposed, and keytechnologies of this system, such as MBR operation with high MLSS, prevention of membrane fouling, predictionmodel of TMP change with time, utilization of ozone microbubble, and so on, are under development. This reviewgives recent results of these research and developments.
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  • Hideto Matsuyama, Tomoki Takahashi, Masahiro Yasukawa
    2014 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 209-216
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2015
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Membrane technology has occupied important positions in water treatment field and receiving much attention.Reverse osmosis (RO)membranes have been getting more application in the fields of sea water desalination andreclaimed wastewater production associated with their advantages including superior water quality, easier control ofoperation and lower cost. Microfiltration (MF)and ultrafiltration (UF)membranes have been widely applied fordrinking water production and waste water treatment such as membrane bioreactor (MBR). Based on this background, series of symposiums on “Prospects of Water Treatment with Membrane”have beenheld for five years every time in our annual meeting of the Membrane Society of Japan. This year corresponded tothe last year for this symposium. In this paper, topics in the symposiums for five years were surveyed. One of the serious problems arising during water treatment with membrane is still membrane fouling. Foulingphenomena can be classified into two types, organic fouling and biofouling. The researches focused on the biofoul-ing reduction for RO membrane will be introduced in this paper in addition to the future prospects of membrane foul-ing researches.Another topic of water treatment is application of “Forward Osmosis (FO)”membrane.Development of innovativeFO membranes and draw solutions (high osmotic pressure solution)is a key for the success of the commercializa-tion of this system. Brief review for FO membranes and draw solutions will be mentioned in this paper.
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Special Topic : Prospects of novel process technologies with inorganic membranes II
Review Article
Special Topic : Membrane Award for Young Scientists (2014)
Review Article
Original Contribution
  • Aguru Nide, Shigeko Kawai-Noma, Daisuke Umeno, Kyoich Saito
    2014 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 258-263
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2015
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A porous hollow–fiber membrane containing an anion–exchange graft chain is used as an adsorber for the removalof undesirable proteins. The adsorption and elution of the proteins are followed by the regeneration of the mem-brane. The volume of a buffer solution used for the regeneration of the anion–exchange porous hollow–fiber mem-brane was reduced by controlling the anion–exchange group distribution along the graft chain. First, glycidylmethacrylate(GMA)was graft-polymerized onto an electron–beam–irradiated porous hollow–fiber membrane.Second, diethylamino group was introduced into the epoxy group of the graft chain with water as a poor solvent forthe poly GMA chain. In a permeation mode, the membrane was regenerated with 1.0 M sodium hydroxide beforebeing rinsed with a phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). When the anion–exchange group was introduced preferentially intothe polymer brush, the buffer solution usage required to rinse the membrane to pH 7.2 was reduced by 40% com-pared to when the anion–exchange group was introduced uniformly along the graft chain. The binding capacity ofBSA to the polymer brush remained constant irrespective of the anion-exchange group distribution along the graft chain.
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Products Spotlight
  • Hironobu Shirataki
    2014 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 264-267
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2015
    JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESS
    It is widely recognized that membrane adsorbers are powerful tools for the purification of biopharmaceutical pro-tein products and for this reason a novel hollow–fiber AEX type membrane adsorber has been developed. The mem-brane is characterized by grafted chains including DEA ligands affixed to the pore surfaces of the membrane. Whenchallenged with a solution containing protein, the membrane has high impurity removal further indicating this hol-low–fiber based membrane adsorber is an effective tool for purification of biopharmaceutical protein products includ-ing IgG.
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