All issues
Volume 41 (2016)
- Issue 6 Pages 258-
- Issue 5 Pages 196-
- Issue 4 Pages 132-
- Issue 3 Pages 96-
- Issue 2 Pages 50-
- Issue 1 Pages 2-
Volume 41, Issue 5
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
Special Topic : Plenary Lecture in 38 Annual Meeting
Review Article
-
Masaki Tsuchiya, Yuji Hara, Masato Umeda2016 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 196-201
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2016
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSOne unique feature of biological membranes is that membrane lipids are not tethered to the site of their synthesis, but are actively transported and assembled into specific sites of cellular membranes. Specialized lipid transport and sorting machineries are now suggested to play crucial roles in the formation of distinct membrane domains, which is involved in highly localized remodeling of membrane structures as well as recruitment and activation of membrane proteins. In this review, we would like to introduce our recent findings on the cellular functions of phospholipidtranslocation machinery, phospholipid flippase, that mediates the net transfer of phospholipids between the inner and outer leaflets of the plasma membrane.View full abstractDownload PDF (926K)
Special Topic : “Studies of biological membranes by new approaches”
Review Article
-
Shin-ya Morita2016 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 202-208
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2016
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSPhospholipids are major components of cell membranes and plasma lipoproteins. In addition to structural roles in membranes, phospholipids are involved in many cellular processes, including cell signaling, membrane trafficking, cell growth, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and autophagy. Phospholipids are divided into two groups, glycerophospholipids and sphingophospholipids. By the structures of head groups, glycerophospholipids are further classified into classes, such as phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and cardiolipin (CL). Sphingomyelin (SM) is a major sphingophospholipid. However, it has been difficult to determine the cellular amount of each phospholipid class. In recent years, we have developed novel fluorometric methods for measuring PC, PE, PS, PA, SM, PG and CL using combinations of specific enzymes and Amplex Red. These new assays can provide simple, sensitive and high–throughput quantifications. By using these assays, we investigated cellular phospholipid metabolism involving cell density, PE N–methyltransferase, PS synthase 1, diacylglycerol kinase, tumor necrosis factorα, and phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase 1. These assays for measuring phospholipid classes will be useful to clarify the cellular and physiological processes in any organisms, including animals, plants, fungi and bacteria.View full abstractDownload PDF (781K) -
Ikuhiko Nakase2016 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 209-214
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2016
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSExosomes (30～200 nm in diameter) are small secretory vesicles released from various cell types, and they represent potential next–generation biological tools for delivering therapeutic molecules. In this review, I discuss novel technique for development of intracellular delivery system based on biofunctional peptide–modified exosomes to enhance cytosolic release via a pH–sensitive fusogenic peptide. Additionally, I also discuss importance of active induction of macropinocytosis for internalization of exosomes by cells and provide related delivery technique of exosomes with epidermal growth factor that effectively induces macropinocytosis.View full abstractDownload PDF (827K) -
Ayako Takeuchi2016 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 215-220
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2016
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSPhysiome, “physio”(life) plus “ome” (as a whole), is a study to provide a quantitative description of physiological dynamics and functional behavior of the intact organism (physiome project). We performed physiome study to clarify the roles of Ca2+ crosstalk between mitochondria–sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum in HL–1 cardiomyocytes and B lymphocytes, especially focusing on the mitochondrial Na+–Ca2+ exchanger NCLX, by combining cell physiological experiments and cell model simulations. It was revealed that NCLX–mediated Ca2+ supply to sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum is a key determinant for the generation of automaticity of HL–1 cells and the Ca2+ response to B cell receptor stimulation and chemotaxis in B lymphocytes.View full abstractDownload PDF (809K) -
Koh Nagata2016 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 221-225
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2016
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSABCA1 (ATP–binding cassette protein A1) is a membrane protein which is essential for the formation of highdensity lipoprotein (HDL). ABCA1 is known to transfer cellular cholesterol and phospholipids to an extracellular lipid acceptor, apolipoprotein A–I (apoA–I) for forming discoidal HDL particles. However, the regulatory mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this review, the application of a new methodology, single-molecule imaging, for observing ABCA1 molecules in the plasma membrane of living cell is described.View full abstractDownload PDF (790K)
Special Topic : “Hierarchical Membrane : dynamic structure and emergence of function”
Review Article
-
Takashi Miyata2016 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 226-232
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2016
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSStimuli–responsive gels that undergo changes in the volume in response to environmental changes have attracted much attention as smart membrane materials for sensors, drug delivery systems and other applications. We proposed a novel strategy for designing molecularly stimuli–responsive gels, “molecule–responsive gels”, which exhibit structural changes in response to a target molecule. Based on the strategy using molecular complexes as dynamic crosslinks that reversibly associate and dissociate in response to a target molecule, two types of molecule-responsive gels have been developed; “biomolecule–crosslinked gel” and “molecule–imprinted gel”. The biomoleculecrosslinked gels swell and molecule-imprinted gels shrink in the presence of a target molecule because their crosslink densities change by dissociation and association of molecular complexes as dynamic crosslinks. This review describes rational designs of molecularly stimuli–responsive gels that swell or shrink in response to a target molecule such as glucose, antigen, tumor marker and endocrine disrupting chemicals.View full abstractDownload PDF (1059K) -
Naofumi Shimokawa, Masahiro Takagi2016 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 233-239
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2016
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe cell membrane is based on structure of lipid bilayer, and is constituted with hundreds kinds of phospholipid molecules. As the most famous model of the cell membrane structure, “the fluid mosaic model” has been the most generally accepted model to date. In this model, phospholipids and component molecules diffuse freely within membrane surfaces. Recently it has been suggested that there is a phase–separated domain structure called “Raft” in membrane1). Rafts contain high concentration of sphingolipids and cholesterol. Rafts concentrate receptor proteins and their dynamics are related to cell signaling. But mechanism of raft dynamics in intracellular signaling is still unknown. We are investigating the mechanism of raft dynamics and its role in cell signal transduction. Here in this review, we would like to introduce our recent research results using both living cells and cell–sized liposomes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1063K) -
Takeo Yamaguchi2016 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 240-243
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2016
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSSystematic membrane design is important to develop next generation synthetic–membranes, and necessary functions are not only separation but also molecular recognitions and actuation like bio–membranes. Those functions should be coordinated in the membrane pores and the assembly to maximize a specific output. We should systematically design the multi functions in the membranes. A novel molecular recognition gating membrane was developed. The device facilitates to make a new process showing bio–membrane–like systematic functions. The membrane is a porous thin film, and the pores rapidly open and close in response to specific ion or molecular signals. The molecular recognition ion gating membranes can control membrane flux, molecular weight cut–off curve, and osmotic pressure. Those functions can be coordinated and make an oscillation device which the membrane pores can be opened and closed autonomously with time. Those membranes can be applied to tissue engineering and bio–sensors. We can systematically design the multi functions from molecular level to macro level in the pores, and the hierarchical design and developing approach was explained.View full abstractDownload PDF (1258K) -
Toshinori Shimanouchi, Saki Fukuma, Yukitaka Kimura2016 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 244-250
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2016
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSBiomembranes have attracted much attention for the design of functional membranes because biomembranes possesses the variety of potential functions and induce the necessary functions in response to the environmental changes. We have previously revealed the dynamic property of a closed bilayer membranes composed of phospholipids (liposome) that is usually used as a model biomembrane, with a dielectric dispersion analysis. A lateral diffusion, a rotational Brownian motion of phospholipids within a lipid membranes and lipid–lipid (or other molecules) interactions comprised a dynamics of lipid membranes. These modes strongly correlated with each other to hierarchically constitute the hydration structure, phase separation behavior, membrane fluidity, or permeability to solute, and membrane undulation. Based on the hierarchical dynamics of membranes, chemical conversion on membranes was demonstrated: (i) oxidation reaction of hydroxyl methyl furfural; (ii) aldorl condensation reaction of benzaldehyde; polymerization reaction of (iii) lactide and (iv) aniline. From these case studies, the microscopic and macroscopic dynamic properties could well control the reaction process on lipid membranes.View full abstractDownload PDF (912K)
Products Spotlight
-
Koji Abe2016 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 251-255
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2016
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSLaunched in 1989, PlanovaTM filters are the first filters developed specifically for removing viruses from biotherapeutic products such as biopharmaceuticals and plasma derivatives. Virus removability is based on size–exclusion mechanisms: viruses larger than the mean pore size become trapped. Planova filters are available in pore sizes to match the virus removal needs of particular product applications. Planova filters offer an excellent combination of high protein yield, validated virus safety, and scalability. Planova filters have more than two decades of proven safety and reliability in the international biopharmaceutical industry.View full abstractDownload PDF (873K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|