巻号一覧
42 巻 (2017)
- 6 号 p. 228-
- 5 号 p. 164-
- 4 号 p. 110-
- 3 号 p. 72-
- 2 号 p. 40-
- 1 号 p. 2-
42 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1～5を表示しています
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
巻頭言
特集:バイオフィルムの功罪-生体膜の視点から-
総説
-
下野 信行2017 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 40-45
発行日: 2017年
公開日: 2017/03/28
ジャーナル オープンアクセスBiofilm is a community of microorganisms formed by microorganisms and extracellular substances. Recognition of biofilm in medical science field has short history compared with that in environmental field and dental field. In the case of medicine, biofilms are mostly involved with bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, and fungi such as Candida species. Biofilm formation is involved in many chronic infectious diseases and medical device associated infections, those are refractory and poor efficacy with antibiotic treatment. Finally it is often necessary to treat surgically or remove artificial devices. In the case of infectious diseases in which biofilm formation is predicted, it is also important to conduct strong antimicrobial treatment from the acute phase. We should also pay attention to avoid infections in case of insertion of artificial devices. It is partially recognized that erythromycin prevents biofilm formation. We hope that research to prevent biofilm formation will advance in future.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (939K) -
吉田 明弘2017 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 46-53
発行日: 2017年
公開日: 2017/03/28
ジャーナル オープンアクセスDental plaque is a complex microbial community that develops on the tooth surface, embedded in a matrix of polymers of bacterial origin. Dental plaque is considered as one of the biofilms of the organism and dental caries and periodontitis are recognized as biofilm associated infections. Dental plaque formation is initiated by formation of conditioning film, termed acquired pellicle, on the tooth enamel. Microorganisms are transported to the tooth surface by flow of saliva. As a particle approaches on surface, it experiences a weak van der Waals attraction. These weak physicochemical interactions become irreversible due to adhesins on the microbial cell surface becoming involved in specific interactions with complementary receptors in acquired pellicle. Some organisms that were unable to colonize the pellicle–coated tooth surfaces are able to attach to already–adherent pioneer species by adhesion–receptor interactions. The close proximity of cells with each other in dental plaque provides the conditions for cell–cell interactions. As conventional interactions, cell density–dependent gene expressions called quorum sensing (QS) are reported. In Streptococcus mutans, human cariogenic pathogen, QS regulate the expression of glucosyltransferase (GTF) genes. The synthesized glucose polymer by GTFs is extracellular matrix of biofilm and one of the crucial virulence factors of S. mutans.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1147K) -
堀 克敏2017 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 54-59
発行日: 2017年
公開日: 2017/03/28
ジャーナル オープンアクセスBiofilms can be detrimental to both human life and industrial processes, while they are also beneficial in various bioprocesses including wastewater treatment and traditional fermentation food processes. In this paper, their application to wastewater treatment is first reviewed. Before activated sludge systems became widespread, biofilm processes, such as packed bed reactors and rotating biological contactors, were mainly used in this field. After conventional biofilm processes are explained, the progress of the development including new conceptual biofilms, bottom–up and top–down biofilms, is introduced. Then the review is moved to application to the chemical production field. Recently, microbial cell immobilization using biofilms for chemical reactions has attracted our attention and various biofilm reactors have been designed and constructed. Here, their current status and problems are reviewed. Finally, a new method using the new adhesive nanofiber protein AtaA found in Acinetobacter sp. Tol 5 is introduced as well as its molecular properties.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1083K) -
森永 康2017 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 60-65
発行日: 2017年
公開日: 2017/03/28
ジャーナル オープンアクセスControl of biofilm is important in food environment because it often causes food poisoning. We found that some food additives and food materials such as sugar fatty acid esters and spices inhibited biofilm formation of hazardous microorganisms. The inhibition mechanism by sugar fatty acid esters was revealed as the inhibition of adhesion of microbial cells to the solid surface. We also found that L–tryptophan triggered degradation of Escherichia coli biofilm. The biofilm degradation mechanism by L–tryptophan was interpreted as recovery of the cells from nutritional starvation. While the utilization of biofilm have been scarcely known in food environment. We found that some yeast and lactic acid bacteria isolated from a traditional Fukuyama pot vinegar brewing sample formed significant mixed–species biofilm when statically cultured together in appropriate medium. In this mixed–species biofilm, cells of yeast and lactic acid bacteria adhered to each other. Mannan sugar chain on the yeast cell surface and lectin–like protein on the lactic acid bacteria cells were revealed to mediate the cell–cell adhesion. Adopting this mixed–species biofilm as immobilized cells, we succeeded stable ethanol production in repeated fed batch mode for long term.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1126K)
製品& 技術
-
中辻 宏治, 小川 貴史2017 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 66-69
発行日: 2017年
公開日: 2017/03/28
ジャーナル 認証ありToray has been researching reverse osmosis (RO) membranes with further excellent performance based on fundamental structure analyses. Polyamide separation layer of the RO membranes were analyzed focusing on protuberance and pore structure by means of advanced analytical methods such as TEM, EELS and PALS, which enabled to obtain the strategy for improving the membrane performance. New RO membranes that combined high water permeability, high solute rejection rate and enhanced durability against the chemicals were developed by controlling protuberance and pore structure with our proprietary molecular design and interfacial polymerization technology. These membranes must be useful for brackish water and wastewater treatment in which chemical cleaning is required even more frequently because of low quality in feed water.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1159K)
編集後記
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|