巻号一覧
5 巻 (1980)
- 6 号 p. 338-
- 5 号 p. 270-
- 4 号 p. 202-
- 3 号 p. 134-
- 2 号 p. 70-
- 1 号 p. 3-
5 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1～5を表示しています
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西野 憲和, 泉屋 信夫1980 年 5 巻 6 号 p. 338-347
発行日: 1980/11/01
公開日: 2010/10/21
ジャーナル フリーIt is generally known that several cyclic or linear antibiotic peptides can function as ionophores. They greatly enhance the permeability of hydrophilic ions in hydrophobic membranes. Recent developments in the analysis of molecular structure have enabled the elucidation of the physicochemical properties of the various spatial forms occurring under different conditions. Thus the mechanisms are now understood at the molecular level in the connection with the individual stages of transmembrane ion transport. With regard to the transporting properties, ionophores belong to either of two groups, a carrier type, represented by valinomycin and a channel type such as gramicidin A. Recent progress in the study of these two antibiotics has greatly contributed to the understanding of the phenomena of transmembrane ion transport and the nature of the substances and mechanism of action involved in the transport in biomembranes. We also mention a design trial for new peptide ionophores which may be of use in the development of medicines.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1369K) -
神沢 千代志1980 年 5 巻 6 号 p. 348-356
発行日: 1980/11/01
公開日: 2010/10/21
ジャーナル フリーReverse osmosis and ultrafiltration processes have greatly developed owing to the numerous researches on membranes and modules which have been continued since the establishment of the first commercial RO plants in 1970. Nowadays, many researchers and technicians recognize that the seawater desalination by RO process of a single stage or a dual stage, which was previously considered to be difficult from the economical viewpoint, has a bright prospect as a energy-saving process. In-situ formed composite membranes are developed and partially employed in a large commercial plant in the place of the cellulose acetate or polyamide membranes.
Considering these circumstances, the present status of membrane technology of desalination in Japan and United States and new membranes for desalination are described here based on the recently published reports and Japanese patents.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1289K) -
特に腎炎惹起物質について柴田 整一1980 年 5 巻 6 号 p. 357-369
発行日: 1980/11/01
公開日: 2010/10/21
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1804K) -
緒明 博, 石田 愈1980 年 5 巻 6 号 p. 371-375
発行日: 1980/11/01
公開日: 2010/10/21
ジャーナル フリーActive transport caused by the temperature gradient is discussed from the viewpoint of energy transformation. When a membrane can adsorb a specific solute and the equilibrium constant for the adsorption changes significantly with temperature, the solute is adsorbed at the low temperature side and desorbed at the high temperature side. Simultaneously, the heat of adsorption is required at the high temperature side and is evolved at the low temperature side, giving rise to net flow of heat from the high temperature solution to the low temperature one.
The concept of exergy is applied to analyse the energy transformation in such a nonisothermal system. The exergy required to transport a mol of solute from a dilute solution of concentration Cl to a concentrated one of Ch can be expressed as ΔεT=RTo in Cl/Ch' while the exergy consumed is Δεad, =To [(ΔH) /Tl- (-ΔH) /Th]. Hence, the ideality index ηI in this case is given by ΔεT/ (Δεad+Δεcond), where Δεcond is the exergy loss by the heat conduction. It is found that ηI becomes unity when the system is operated ideally and ηI obtained experimentally for a Sirotherm ion-exchange resin membrane was 0.0745.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (582K) -
保坂 俊太郎, 村尾 康雄, 中川 裕子1980 年 5 巻 6 号 p. 377-381
発行日: 1980/11/01
公開日: 2010/10/21
ジャーナル フリーBlend of polyurethane and copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and glycidyl methacrylate was fabricated into film by evaporation of solvent from solution of the polymers on a glass plate or cylinder. The film of the polymer blend was converted into hydrogel membrane by hydration after curing. The water content of the membrane increased linearly, with the content of N-vinylpyrrolidone. The hydrogel membrane was found to have larger strength and elongation than conventional ones such as that of poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). Further, it was shown to be stable in boiling water. The controlled release of 5-FU and methotrexate through the membrane was investigated. The elution rate was unchanged as long as the drug-saturated solution remained in contact with the membrane. The elution rate was conveniently adjusted by regulating the thickness and water content of the membrane.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (673K)
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