Online ISSN : 1884-6440
Print ISSN : 0385-1036
ISSN-L : 0385-1036
7 巻, 5 号
選択された号の論文の7件中1~7を表示しています
  • 寺川 進
    1982 年 7 巻 5 号 p. 258-268
    発行日: 1982/09/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    It is well established that the process of nerve excitation takes place in the 70-100 Å thick membrane. However, studies on birefringence of nerve fibers and on proteins undercoating the membrane indicate that the excitation process affects the conformational state of the submembranous fibrous layer. During membrane excitation, the fibrous layer under the membrane loses the orderliness and increases its solubility.
    There are many investigations which examined the effects of antimitotic drugs on the excitability. Some of them suggest importance of microtubules in maintenance of membrane excitability. Others disagree with it. In intracellularly perfused squid giant axons, a KCl- or KBr-containing solution removes almost all fibrous proteins which are closely associated with the membrane. Without these fibrous proteins, axons maintain their excitability unless the intracellular pressure is kept high. Colchicine applied intracellularly exerts its effects only when the intracellular pressure is high. Based on these experimental results, it is emphasized that the fibrous proteinacious structure near the membrane provides the membrane with mechanical rigidity and strength.
  • 岡田 泰伸
    1982 年 7 巻 5 号 p. 269-282
    発行日: 1982/09/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    One of the most important functions of small and large intestines is the electrolyte transport under both the physiological and pathological (e.g. diarrhoeal) conditions. Ion absorption or secretion takes place along or against its electrochemical potential gradient through the transcellular and paracellular pathways. Transcellular ion transport should involve uphill transport against the electrochemical potential gradient either at the brushborder cell membrane (BBM) or at the basolateral cell membrane (BLM). Carrier-mediated cotransport (symport) and exchange transport (antiport) play essential roles in such uphill transport processes. The Na+-CI-symport (as well as Na+-sugar or-amino acid symport), Na+/H+antiport and ATPase-dependent Na+/K+ antiport (Na+/K+ exchange pump) participate in the NaCl absorption in villus epithelial cells and in the NaCl secretion in crypt epithelial cells. The Cl-/HCO3-and Na+/ H+ antiporters are involved in the intestinal HCO3-secretion and absorption. It is suggested that both the Ca2+ channel at BBM and the ATPase-dependent Na+/Ca2+ antiport (Na+/Ca2+ exchange pump) at BLM are essentially implicated in the active Ca2+ absorption in the intestinal epithelia.
  • 新保 外志夫
    1982 年 7 巻 5 号 p. 283-292
    発行日: 1982/09/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper reviews the studies on transmembrane redox reactions and redox reaction-driven ion transport in artificial membrane systems. These systems consist of an electron donor, an electron acceptor and the membrane (bilayer lipid membrane or organic liquid membrane) containing redox mediators and/or photosensitizers. Spontaneous and photosensitized redox reactions across the membrane are discussed with reference to the reaction mechanism, the property of the redox mediator and so on. Then, ion transport coupled to a redox reaction is described and its mechanism is discussed.
  • 戸田 剛太郎
    1982 年 7 巻 5 号 p. 293-302
    発行日: 1982/09/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Alteration of the activities and distribution of the enzymes on liver cell surface in biliary obstruction was discussed. Biliary obstruction of rat elevated alkaline phosphatase activity on the bile canalicular surface area and the other surface area. The rise of the activity was observed on the bile canalicular surface and then the intercellular and sinusoidal surface. At the time of the elevation of bile canalicular alkaline phosphatase activity, the activity in the serum rose and the biliary form of the enzyme was found in the serum. These finding suggest the disorder of the tight junction, which lead to the loss of the polarization on the liver cell surface as well as the leakage of biliary component in the blood. Biliary obstruction also induced the decrease of ATPase activities on the bile canalicular surface. However ATPase activities on the intercellular and sinusoidal surface remained unchanged. This finding also suggests the loss of the polarity on the liver cell surface.
  • 石井 文由, 高村 彰, 野呂 俊一
    1982 年 7 巻 5 号 p. 307-308
    発行日: 1982/09/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Morphological properties of liposomes were mainly examined with the specific fixation technique by scanning electron microscope, and the natural 3-dimensional forms and the surface features of liposomes could be observed. The shape of the liposomes prepared in this work was spherical.
  • Osami Tozawa, Danji Nomura
    1982 年 7 巻 5 号 p. 309-313
    発行日: 1982/09/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Recovery of monoamino monocarboxylic and monoamino dicarboxylic acids from the some mixtures consisting of six kinds of amino acids in aqueous solutions was conducted in a batch system under 1.96 MPa·G at 30°C by taking advantage of Donnan exclusion of cellulose acetate membrane. The mixtures was adjusted to pH7. This method was especially effective for the recovery of monoamino dicarboxylic acids from the mixture of amino acids in concentration of each component about 0.001 mol dm-3. Equations for the batch system were derived on the basis of material balance, and their application was examined. As a result, these equations were applicable to monoamino dicarboxylic acid, and not applicable to mono-amino monocarboxylic acid because of failure of material balance caused by adsorption by the membrane.
  • 岡田 倫之, 柳瀬 昌弘, 中西 健, 安東 明夫, 折田 義正, 阿部 裕
    1982 年 7 巻 5 号 p. 315-319
    発行日: 1982/09/01
    公開日: 2011/03/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    We investigated the change in renal brush border membrane (BBM) in the experimental Fanconi's syndrome rabbit induced by maleic acid administration.
    Male albino rabbits, weighing 2.0-2.5kg, were given an intravenous injection of 50-500mg/kg B.W. of neutralized maleic acid. One hour later, BBM was isolated by the continuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation method of Sacktor et al.. The activities and distribution pattern of marker enzymes (trehalase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase) were not affected by maleic acid administration.
    By the electron microscopic observation showed that BBM isolated from rabbits administrated with maleic acid was a closed vesicle of membrane as well as BBM from the control rabbit.
    The SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern of BBM proteins isolated from rabbit administrated with maleic acid was same to that from the control rabbit.
    These data suggest that maleic acid induce Fanconi's syndrome by affecting the other site than BBM.
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