衛生動物

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Anopheles sineroides may be considered as the intermediate type of A. hyrcanus var. sinensis and A. koreicus as regards the important characteristics distinguishing themselves from each other, as shown in the following table. [table] Patches on the costal vein of A. sineroides are the same with those of A. koreicus. Dark patches on the 6th vein of A. sineroides are the same with A. koreicus in number and the same with A. hyrcanus var. sinensis in position (Fig. A-C). In the current investigation, larvae of A. sineroides were bred in warm (28℃-33℃) and cold (14℃-19℃) chamber and variations in the patches of wings of hatched out adult mosquitoes were carefully examined. The larvae of which the outer clepeal hairs have 10-24 branches were selected and bred in the cold or warm chamber stated above. Among 22 adult mosquitoes obtained from the cold chamber, almost all were the typical sineroides-type; in only 3 specimens, the basal white patch was absent. Almost all of 20 adult mosquitoes obtained from warm chamber, showed marked and constant variation in the patches of costal vein. That is to say, in 16 specimens, both the basal and cubital white patches disappeared and in remaining 4 specimens, the cubital white patch was present. No variation occurred in the middle and apical white patches nor in the dark patches on th 6th vein except in 4 female specimens in which the apical white patch disappeared. (Fig. D). Thus the costal vein of A. sinercides bred in the warm chamber showed quite the same patches as in the A. hyrcanus var. sinensis. I am of the opinion that A. sineroides is quite akin to A. hyrcanus var. sinensis and it is doubtful whether the former is valied to be a distinct species.

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Studies were carried on with Anopheles hyrcanus var. sinensis and A. koreicus. These mosquitoes were collected in and around the city of Tokyo in the stage of the larvae and were bred up to adult in our laboratory. The specimens were divided into 3 groups in both the species by months they were collected : A. hyrcanus var. sinensis [table] The differences of the maxillar indices between the groups I, II, III were not valid statistically, while the differences between the group A, B, C were valid, being A<B<C. The maxillar indices of each group of A. hyrcanus var. sinensis (I, II, III) were larger than those of any one group of A. koreicus (A, B, C). The differences were statistically valid. The length of the wing was larger in the specimens collected and bred in lower atomospheric temperature than those in higher atomo-spheric temperature in the case of A. hyrcanus var. sinensis, that is to say : Group III<Group I<Group II. In the case of A. koreicus, the edwardsi-type had longer wings than the original type. The edwardsi-type has been considered to be a type appearing in cold season. A positive correlation was seen between the length of the wing and the maxillar index. The longer was the wing the larger was the maxillar index.

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本邦に始めて見られた砂蚤(Tunga caecigena J. et R.)は現在迄中国揚子江沿岸と大阪湾沿岸特に大和川沿岸地帯の特定地域に最も分布し, これが発生消長並に環境と産卵習性は次の如くである.1.本種は毎年11月頃より鼠類に寄生し冬期に最も多く春期になるに從つて減少する.この事より本種の成虫発生は10月頃より4月頃迄と考えられる.2.成虫発生の環境条件は気温20℃以下, 湿度50%以上である.3.産卵は鼠耳朶内穿入後1ケ月前後で行い, 20〜30日間続き, 1回の産卵は1〜2個で, 実験室内では夜間の産卵が多い.4.産卵の場合の環境条件は気温平均10℃, 湿度50%以上が好条件である.即ち高湿低温時の冬期が最もよい条件となる.以上本種に見られた産卵習性等より, 今後卵から成虫迄の発育史を観察すると共に鼠族以外の寄生等をも観察し本種の生態を明らかにしたい.

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1950年春横濱市内自由労働者間における発疹チフスの流行に際しDDT撤布及びリケツチア消毒の完壁を期したにも拘らず, 容易に止まなかつた患者発生が, 消毒の励行によつて比較的速に発生が止つた事は, 当時私共の特に強調した事である.又本流行において国産DDTの効果に対する疑義が伝えられ, DDTの粉子の大さ, タルクの性状, 含湿度等が問題として取上げられ, DDTの品質向上に資する事が少くなかつた.従つてDDT撤布のみによる虱駆除に関しては, 実地防疫上尚検討を要する点が残されている.1951年11月私共は横濱市防疫課で市内浮浪者を対象に, 発疹チフス予防接種並にDDT撤布を実施した際得た材料により, 虱に関する観察と実験を行う事が出来たのでその概要を報告する.

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