衛生動物
Online ISSN : 2185-5609
Print ISSN : 0424-7086
ISSN-L : 0424-7086
24 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の15件中1~15を表示しています
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1973 年 24 巻 2 号 p. Cover6-
    発行日: 1973/10/01
    公開日: 2016/09/05
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 北垣 忠温, 中山 勇, 杉山 繁雄, 男沢 達雄
    原稿種別: 本文
    1973 年 24 巻 2 号 p. 103-109
    発行日: 1973/10/01
    公開日: 2016/09/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    低毒性有機燐殺虫剤Dowco[○!R] 214,O, O-dimethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate, のイエバエに対する殺虫効力を微量滴下, 濾紙接触, Vapour暴露および残留毒接触処理法によって評価した結果はつぎのように要約される。1. 微量滴下法による効力はLD-50でdichlorvos, chlorpyrifos, fenthion, Dowco 214,fenitrothion, diazinon, malathionの順で, fenitrothionとの相対力価は1.74,1.66,1.36,1.28,0.69および0.11であった。2. 濾紙接触法での効力はLD-50でdichlorvos, Dowco 214,dieldrin, chlorpyrifos, fenthion, fenitrothionおよびmalathionの順でDowco 214が高い効力を示した。3. Vapour暴露による効力はdichlorvosについでDowco 214が高い効力を示した。4. 限定時間接触法による, ガラス板上および合板上の残効性は, 前者では比較的短いが, 後者では比較的長い殺虫効力を示した。以上の実験結果から, Dowco 214はイエバエ類に対し, すぐれた殺虫効力および残効性を有し実用は充分期待できると考えられる。
  • 北垣 忠温, 杉山 繁雄, 中山 勇, 男沢 達雄
    原稿種別: 本文
    1973 年 24 巻 2 号 p. 111-116
    発行日: 1973/10/01
    公開日: 2016/09/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    低毒性有機燐殺虫剤Dowco 214の蚊幼虫, 蛹および成虫に対する殺虫効力を浸漬処理法および噴霧降下法によって, また水道水ならびに汚水中における残効性を生物学的方法によって, 数種市販殺虫剤と比較評価した結果は, つぎのように要約される。1. 浸漬処理法においては, ネッタイシマカおよびアカイエカ幼虫に対し, Dowco 214,chlorpyrifosがfenitrothion, fenthion, diazinonに比し高い殺虫効力を示した。しかしシナハマダラカ幼虫に対しては, fenthion, Dowco 214,fenitrothion, chlorpyrfosおよびdiazinonの順で高い殺虫効力を示した。2. 浸漬処理法による試験においては, ネッタイシマカの蛹に対し, Dowco 214およびchlorpyrifosが高い殺虫効力を示した。3. 噴霧降下法によるネッタイシマカ成虫に対する殺虫効力は, pyrethrin, dichlorvos, diazinon, Dowco 214,chlorpyrifosおよびfenitrothionの順で高かった。4. 動物飼料を腐敗させて作成した汚水におけるDowco 214の著しい経時的な殺虫力の低下はなく, 残効性も期待出来るものと考えられる。
  • 脇 誠治, 松本 克彦
    原稿種別: 本文
    1973 年 24 巻 2 号 p. 117-121
    発行日: 1973/10/01
    公開日: 2016/09/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    An experiment was carried out to observe the nutritional requirements of Dermatophagoides farinae for efficient breeding. The breeding mode of D. farinae with 27 kinds of diet was compared with the control, composed of equal amout of dried yeast and powdered fish, which has been used for maintaining the mites in our laboratory. Approximately 800 mites were inoculated on 20g of the above series of diet, and they were kept at 25℃ and 60% R.H. The mites in 0.5g of the culture media were counted every two weeks by the saturated saline floatation method. Higher reproduction was observed in four kinds of diet than control : (1) 5% of lard plus fatless control (the fats being extracted thereof, and 5% of lard being added) produced the highest count 9,930 in 18 weeks; (2) 5% salad-oil plus fatless control, 8,085 in 18 weeks; (3) dried yeast and bean-flour (1 : 1), 4,110 in 22 weeks : (4) driedyeast and egg-albumin (1 : 1), 2,935 in 22 weeks; while the control, 2,595 in 18 weeks. It is assumed that fats, especially animal fats in the diet, might contain some substance to meet nutritional requirement for this species. As source of protein any of powered fish, bean-flour, and egg-albumin was satisfactory to breed this species.
  • 朝比奈 正二郎
    原稿種別: 本文
    1973 年 24 巻 2 号 p. 123-128
    発行日: 1973/10/01
    公開日: 2016/09/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    It seems worth to record newly introduced cockroach species from faunal as well as pestcontrol point of view. During recent years the following three Blattellid species were found in our faunal limits. 1. Supella longipalpa (Fab.)(=spellectilium Serville) This well-known tropical pest was found in 1969 in the houses of Chichijima of the Bonin Islands. 2. Lobopterella dimidiatipes (Bolivar) This soil-surface cockroach has been known from many Pacific Islands. In Japanese territory it was first discovered by Prof. R. Kano in 1955 in Iriomote Island, the Yayeyama-group of the Ryukyus. Then, from the other Ryukyu Islands, i.e., Okinawa, Miyako, Ishigaki by my colleagues and myself. There are also specimens from Yang-ming-shan, near Taipei and Kuraru, southern Taiwan, the latter taken by Dr. Chu. 3. Imblattella panamae (Hebard) This is an indigenous Panamanian species. In recent years many individuals were detected from the pots of tropical orchids. In Tokyo area this cockroach is said to be not uncommon in the greenhouses where tropical orchids are cultivated, probably imported directly from Central America, or indirectly, from nurseries of orchids or tropical plants in the other part of the world. A brief description for each species were given together with illustrations of taxonomic characters.
  • 和田 芳武, 高橋 純雄, 堀 栄太郎
    原稿種別: 本文
    1973 年 24 巻 2 号 p. 129-134
    発行日: 1973/10/01
    公開日: 2016/09/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    Bohartが1956年に雌8匹から記載したセボリヤブカの幼虫, 蛹を東京都小笠原諸島の父島及び弟島の海岸のロックプールから採集したので, 雌, 蛹, 幼虫の新記載を含めて, 再記載をした。成虫は, 雌ではKnight and Marksのgroup H, subgroup IIIの特徴を備えているが, 雄の外生殖器はこのsubgroupの特徴である変形鱗片(specialized scales)の房(tuft)はなく, 変形鱗片が散在し, トウゴウヤブカAedes togoiに似た形態を示している。この点から, 本種をどのsubgroupに属させるべきであるかはさらに検討を要する。蛹は, 遊泳片の後縁がなめらかで大小2本の毛を有する点, 幼虫は下唇の歯数が21∿25であることから, 本邦産のFinlaya亜属の蚊の中で最もよく似ているトウゴウヤブカとも区別出来る。本種は小笠原以外の採集記録はなく, 発生源もすべて海岸の半海水性のロックプールであった。なお弟島ではトウゴウヤブカと一諸に採集された。吸血活動は日没日出頃が活発であるが, 日中の炎天下でも人を刺しに飛来した。
  • 鈴木 博
    原稿種別: 本文
    1973 年 24 巻 2 号 p. 135-142
    発行日: 1973/10/01
    公開日: 2016/09/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    Investigation of the fauna of medically important animals in the southern Amami-Island was done from September 1971,mainly around Mt. Yuwan, and the results of the (annual) investigation on trombiculid mites are presented here. 1. Unengorged larvae were mainly collected from the soil. 12 genera and 27 species were identified, among which 13 species have been known, while the others are considered to be new species. Descriptions of the new species are to be reported in another paper. 2. Genus Schoengastia which has not previously been reported from Japan, and many other species which destributed in South East Asia were found. 3. Existence of Leptotrombidium scutellare, the main vector species of Tsutsugamushi-disease on the Izu seven islands and in some parts of the main land of Japan, was found. 4. 7 genera, 18 species were found from the nest hole of Amami-hare, Pentalagus furnessi (Stone, 1900), the most important host of trombiculid mites. 5. Several species of trombiculid mites are considered to be specific parasites of Amami-hare. Most of the species of trombiculid mites were found at Mt. Yuwan, where primeval forests and the conservation of the natural environment protect Amami-hare and other small animals, which are hosts of these mites. 6. Four species of trombiculid mites, which had usually been found from birds, were collected from soil in the breeding habitats of sea birds.
  • 高橋 純雄
    原稿種別: 本文
    1973 年 24 巻 2 号 p. 143-148
    発行日: 1973/10/01
    公開日: 2016/09/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this paper was reported the results of my survey on the medical insects, excluding flies, made chiefly in the Chichi-jima in the Ogasawara Islands (Bonin Islands) from August 1968 to October 1969. 1. Seven species of the mosquitoes were found to be distributed in Ogasawara Islands : Aedes savoryi, Aedes togoi, Aedes albopictus, Ades sp. I, Culex boninensis, Culex pipiens fatigans and Culex vorax. 2. Larvae and pupae of Aedes savoryi were collected from rock pool of sea coast at southern edge of Chichi-jima. Since the rearing of them in the laboratory were succeeded, the morphology of this species in immature stage and in male adult, which had been unknown, were observed. The blood sucking activity of females against men was also found to be very intensive outdoors in the day light. 3. Females of Aedes sp. I were caught by biting collections. But these in adult male or in immature stage were not found. 4. Among these seven species collected in this work three species of Aedes savoryi, Aedes sp. I and Culex boninensis which seemed to be peculiar to this Islands were quite unknown in epidemiologic significance. 5. In Chichi-jima Aedes albopictus were predominant in the thick forests and Culex pipiens fatigans in the proximity to human habitations. Both species, however, were not active in winter (January and February). 6. Aedes aegypti, known to have been distributed in large number in Ogasawara Islands, were not found at all during this work. 7. In Chichi-jima six species of the Cockroach were found. Blattella germanica, Blattella lituricollis, Onychostylus vilis, Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta australasiae and Supella supellectillium were collected in human houses, and two species of Blattella lituricollis and Pycnoscelus surinamensis in the field. In Iwo-jima Pycnoscelus surinamensis was collected in the field. 8. Blattella lituricollis were said to be found on the grass land around the human habitations. Only one specimens was collected coming to the light of a room at night. 9. Onychostylus vilis was the most abundant species as well as Periplaneta americana in the human houses of Chichi-jima. 10. Supella supellectillium was found first in our country. 11. In Chichi-jima Polyplax spinulosa was collected from Rattus rattus caught with alive-rattrap, and Ctenocephalides felis from dogs and cats. 12. Culicoides claggi Tokunaga, (1959) had already been recorded in the Island, but no specimen was found during the present work.
  • 池庄司 敏明
    原稿種別: 本文
    1973 年 24 巻 2 号 p. 149-153
    発行日: 1973/10/01
    公開日: 2016/09/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    生物集団は過密度条件下で, それぞれ種個有の自己個体数抑制機構を持っている。著者は, 先に蚊幼虫の過密度要因を発見し, その化学構造を明らかにし, 生理学的特性について推論した。本報は, ユスリカ幼虫集団について, 同様な過密度要因が存在することを報告する。すなわち, 一定の飼育容器底面積当りのユスリカ幼虫密度を変えたり, 一定数幼虫当りの容器底面積を変えることによって, 幼虫は過密度条件下で, 自己集団の死亡率を高め, 羽化時期を遅らせることを示した。また, この条件づけられた水は, 次世代の幼虫に同様な毒性, 生育抑制効果をもたらした。各幼虫密度飼育で成虫羽化率のプロビットは, 羽化に要する日数の対数に対して正規分布した。
  • 真喜屋 清
    原稿種別: 本文
    1973 年 24 巻 2 号 p. 155-164
    発行日: 1973/10/01
    公開日: 2016/09/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    An ecological study was made on the larval population of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in a cemetery of Nagoya City, central Japan, during a period from June to December, 1967. The present paper reports the larval population dynamics in natural habitat from the view point of seasonal change of population size and age structure. 1) The number of mosquito larvae and pupae sampled from 10 stone basins by a dipper totalled 2,090 during the study period. Most of them (97%) were A. albopictus, and the rest were Culex pipiens pallens, C. tritaeniorhynchus and C. orientalis in decreasing order. 2) Statistical analyses were made of the relationship between mean and variance of A. albopictus larval (pupal) counts in the 10 stations, and it was revealed that distribution of individuals seemed to be contagious and to fit well to the negative binomial distributions with a common k except a few cases (Figs. 3,4 and Table 2). The log(x+1) transformation was adopted in order to normalize the data (x : individual counts per stone basin) according to Bartlett (1947), and the Williams' means (Williams, 1937) were used to represent the seasonal change of population size and age structure of the larval population in the cemetery as a whole. 3) The larval population was observed from late June to late November, and the population size reached its peaks three time (early July, early August and early September), of which the peak in early August being the largest (Fig. 5). 4) Consecutive analysis of larval age structure indicated that adult emergence at population level seemed to occur about three times (late June-mid July, late July-early September, mid Septembermid October) roughly in parallel with the above-mentioned population peaks. Judging from the largest population size and continuous adult productivity in larval population, emerging adults were estimated to be most abundant at the second emergence period (Fig. 5). 5) There were appreciable differences in seasonal fluctuation pattern of the larval population size between the two representations : one was expressed by arithmetic mean of actual individual counts and the other by the Williams' mean (Fig. 5). So, a comparison was made between the arithmetic mean of actual individual numbers and that of log-transformed ones in regard to frequency distribution and variability of the observed counts. As a result, the log-transformed numbers seemed to be more suitable for analyzing dynamics of mosquito population in a habitat area as a whole, because the arithmetic means of the log-transformed numbers were more centrally located and the coefficients of variation of them were more minimized (Figs. 6,7).
  • 栗原 毅, 佐々 学, 宮本 詢子, 佐藤 英毅
    原稿種別: 本文
    1973 年 24 巻 2 号 p. 165-174
    発行日: 1973/10/01
    公開日: 2016/09/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    It has been reported in our previous studies that a fresh water fish of the family Poeciliidae, the guppy or Poecilia reticulata (Peters), has established in a number of areas in Asia after being introduced from South America as a pet fish, and served as an efficient predator of mosquito larvae in sewage waters. The fish was found also to be highly adapted for breeding in polluted waters and effective in cleaning organic matters and microoganisms. In this connection, studies were made on the tolerance of the guppies to the septic pollution of water and for identification of the cause of the toxicity. When 5g of the powder of laboratory animal food is added to 10 liters of water and kept at 23℃, the dissolved oxygen in water becomes undetectable within several hours; the guppies, however, released in such water can survive many days apparently by taking oxygen from the water surface. The absence of dissolved oxygen is therefore not the direct cause of the death of the guppies, though it may be fatal to other fish species. When larger amounts of the septic substance is added to water, such as over 10g of the animal food into 10 liters of water, the water becomes toxic to the guppies after about 4 days, and the toxicity lasts for about a week. However, the guppies exposed to the water before and after such a toxic period stays apparently healthy, though the dissolved oxygen may be undetectable. Interestingly enough, the guppies which survive keep on eating the fouling substances and the microorganisms, and eventually the water recovers its oxygen content after most of the organic matter is consumed by the guppies. The toxicity of septic waters to the guppies was found to be highly correlated with the concentration of H_2S in water. The water becomes fatal to the fishes from about the fourth day when the H_2S concentration increases to over 1ppm, and remains so for about a week until the concentration drops again to below 2ppm. The pH level during this period is usually below 6,but it gradually changes to near neutral in connection with the increase of NH_3 in the water. The septic water also becomes non-toxic to the fishes after providing aeration for a few hours. Under experimental conditions, H_2S dissolved in distilled water exhibits toxicity to the fishes at concentrations higher than 1ppm, while the toxicity of ammonia in water is seen at concentrations above 11ppm. It was also observed that the toxicity of H_2S and NH_3 is remarkably reduced by mixing the two solutions at adecuate ratios. The solution of (NH_4)_2S is safe to the fishes even at 63ppm, and becomes toxic only at concentrations 125ppm and higher. It is presumed that the accumulation of H_2S produced by microorganisms under anaerobic condition is the principal cause of the toxicity, and subsequent increase of ammonia in water acts as a neutralizing agent. It was further observed that the toxicity to the fishes could be easily minimized by providing aeration into the septic waters in connection with the recovery of dissolved oxygen. The D.O. concentration of the septic water rapidly increases after commencement of the aeration, but in most cases the concentration starts to drop after several hours, probably the result of the reproduction of aerobic microorganisms which consume oxygen for oxidizing the fouling substances. The secondary increase of D.O. concentration occurs some time later, after most of the septic substances are saturated with oxygen.
  • 金子 清俊, 斎藤 一三, ウォンディ テフエラ
    原稿種別: 本文
    1973 年 24 巻 2 号 p. 175-180
    発行日: 1973/10/01
    公開日: 2016/09/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    オンコケルカ症は, エチオピアにおいては数多い寄生虫性疾患のなかでも重要な一つである。とくにその媒介昆虫であるブユの生態学的調査は疫学的に意味が大きい。この報告は, オンコケルカ症の媒介種であるSimulium damnosumの人に対する吸血活動の日週期性について調査したものである。人を吸血しに来たブユの採集場所は河畔の木蔭と, 遮蔽物のない直射日光のあたる日向に各一カ所を選定した。日向では早朝, 温度と照度が上がるとともに人に飛来し始める。しかし, 照度が急激に増加するに従ってブユの数は減少する。すなわち1日のうちの吸血活動時間は朝の9時頃と午後5時頃に2峰性のピークがあり, 昼間にはピークがみられない。日蔭では1日を通じて吸血活動に差異はなく, 顕著なピークは見られなかった。
  • 宮本 健司, 篠永 哲, 加納 六郎, 前田 昭二, 上野 克美, 高橋 敏治
    原稿種別: 本文
    1973 年 24 巻 2 号 p. 181-185
    発行日: 1973/10/01
    公開日: 2016/09/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    The survey on the thelazian parasites and their intermediate hosts was made in the farm of National Institute of Animal Industry in Chiba city from January 1972 to May 1973. Four genera and 6 species, totalling 9,097 flies were obtained from cattle bodies and Musca hervei was dominant (63%). Among the collected flies, some of Musca hervei and Musca bezzii were infected with thelazian larvae, and 93% of them were females of M. hervei. Interest result of this survey was a discovery of thelazian larvae in males of M. hervei. Krastin (1950) supposed that the larvae invade into the follicle of ovary and develope therein. However, Vilagiova (1962) found larvae of T. gulosa in fat tissue of male and ovarian follicle of female in M. autumnalis and supposed the similar relationship also in T. rhodesi and T. skrjabini. The authors could not observe the larvae in the follicles, but found tunicate larvae adhering to the wall of body cavity in both sexes of M. hervei. On the origin of this tunica is a problem in future. Month of maximum infected rate both in the flies and cattle eyes was October. The transmission of thelazian larvae to the eyes of cows by flies was continued from spring until late fall. Adult parasites are kept in the eyes of cows during the winter and new infection of larvae to the flies begins at the same time with emerging of the overwintered flies. New infection of infectious larvae to the eyes of cows begins in the middle of May, because newly infected larvae from cows to flies in early spring take more than 50 days to develope to the infectious larvae.
  • 佐々 学
    原稿種別: 本文
    1973 年 24 巻 2 号 p. 187-195
    発行日: 1973/10/01
    公開日: 2016/09/05
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  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1973 年 24 巻 2 号 p. Cover8-
    発行日: 1973/10/01
    公開日: 2016/09/05
    ジャーナル フリー
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