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Volume 37 (1986)
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Volume 37, Issue 1
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Article type: Cover
1986 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages Cover2-
Published: March 15, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (48K) -
Takeshi AGATSUMA, Kiichi UEMOTO, A. J. Onofre OCHOAArticle type: Article
1986 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 1-9
Published: March 15, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIsozyme variations of Guatemalan blackflies, Simulium ochraceum, S. metallicum, S. horacioi, were studied using starch gel electrophoresis. Three out of seven enzymes examined, alkaline phosphatase, α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and leucine aminopeptidase were found to show developmental changes in their respective electrophoretic patterns, suggesting some regulatory mechanism in the gene activity. Two enzymes, glucosephosphate isomerase and phosphoglucomutase, showed high polymorphism in every species studied, and the remaining enzymes, monomorphism. We found marked differences in electrophoretic patterns among the three species. Two methods, that is, Nei's genetic distance (D) and allelic distance (A_D), were used to calculate genetic distances among them. Both estimations of genetic distances showed that S. ochraceum is remote from the other two species, though the distance estimate between S. ochraceum and S. horacioi is rather small. Surprisingly, S. horacioi, which is considered to be very close to S. metallicum, showed a rather large distance from this allied species, indicating that they are not so close.View full abstractDownload PDF (696K) -
Yoichi YAMAGATAArticle type: Article
1986 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 11-16
Published: March 15, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA field experiment was carried out in Guatemala on movement response of the larvae of Simulium ochraceum and S. horacioi to various depth and velocity conditions in a trough (250×10×7cm). According to increase in stream depth (from 0.25 to 4cm) and decrease in current velocity (from 160 to 2.5cm/sec), the most common movement by larvae of both species changed in the sequence of (1) upstream looping, (2) descent on a silk thread, and (3) downstream free drift without a silk thread. The ratio of larvae staying in the original section of the trough during the 30-min exposure to stream water was highest (93% for S. ochraceum and 95% for S. horacioi) when current velocity was 40cm/sec. According to the decrease in velocity, the ratio of staying larvae decreased, and that of descending ones increased. The maximum ratio of descending larvae was recorded at the smallest velocity (2.5cm/sec) and greatest depth (4cm). At the maximum velocity (160cm/sec), 16% of the total S. ochraceum and 41% of the total S. horacioi were washed downstream. S. horacioi was more active in upstream looping at small velocity, and less tolerant to large velocity than S. ochraceum.View full abstractDownload PDF (497K) -
Manabu SASA, Mihoko KIKUCHIArticle type: Article
1986 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 17-39
Published: March 15, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCollections of insects were carried out in a rice paddy area in Tokushima in order to study the species and their seasonal prevalence of chironomid midges emerging from the paddies. A total of 32,823 males and 41,691 females were collected and identified by two light traps operated at about weekly intervals from 25 April to 24 October, 1984. They were classified into 30 species of subfamily Chironominae, 4 species of subfamily Orthocladiinae, and 7 species of subfamily Tanypodinae, and were judged as including one new species and other 5 species new to Japan. Morphological or taxonomical notes were presented with 19 species among them together with figures referring to 16 species.View full abstractDownload PDF (2424K) -
Hitoshi SASAKI, Yutaka NISHIJIMA, Hiroshi ONOArticle type: Article
1986 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 41-45
Published: March 15, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeven hundred and twenty seven individuals of the black flies (Simuliidae) belonging to 6 genera and 11 species were collected in 1984 at the Onnebetsu-dake wilderness area in Shiretoko National Park of Hokkaido. The predominant species were Stegopterna nukabirana, Simulium japonicum, Distosimulium daisetsense and Twinnia canivora. Three hundred and sixteen out of 727 individuals (43.5%) were observed to have blood-meals, and the sources of their blood-meals were determined serologically using ELISA. The blood-meals of D. daisetsense reacted with anti-human serum (6 individuals), anti-sika deer serum (8 indiv.) and anti-birds serum (3 indiv.); those of T. canivora with anti-human serum (4 indiv.) and anti-sika deer serum (3 indiv.); those of S. japonicum with anti-human serum (1 indiv.) and anti-sika deer serum (2 indiv.); those of S. nukabirana with anti-human serum (15 indiv.) and anti-wild brown bear serum (19 indiv.); and those of S. rufibasis with anti-human serum (2 indiv.) and anti-Bedford's red-backed vole serum (1 indiv.).View full abstractDownload PDF (573K) -
Koichiro KAWAI, Kenichi KONISHIArticle type: Article
1986 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 47-57
Published: March 15, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCulture methods of 3 species of chironomids widely distributed in urban areas in Japan were studied to obtain purified antigens necessary for the accurate diagnoses and desensitization therapies of hypersensitivity to chironomids. It was demonstrated that all the 3 species can be easily cultured from generation to generation in the laboratory. High yields per unit area of mature larvae of Chironomus yoshimatsui and C. flaviplumus were obtained by rearing the newly hatched larvae at densities of 8 and 4 indiv./(cm)^2,respectively, under food dose of 7.5mg/indiv. in the small containers (15cmφ×H9cm) which were spread with sand, filled with water and aerated. Fertilized egg masses of Glyptotendipes tokunagai were successfully obtained even at low adult densities in small containers when the sex ratio (♂/♀) was higher than 2/5. A considerable number of fertilized egg masses of C. flaviplumus were obtained even in a relatively small space when a time period corresponding to dusk was introduced into the illumination cycle and the illumination was reduced to 1 or 2lx in a stepwise manner at "dusk" under the sex ratio (♂/♀) of 2.View full abstractDownload PDF (905K) -
Mutsuo KOBAYASHI, Nobuo OGURA, Hitomi TSURUOKA, Yuichi CHIGUSA, Shogi ...Article type: Article
1986 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 59-65
Published: March 15, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHistological observations of Brugia malayi infected mosquitoes, Armigeres subalbatus, prepared at 0.5,3,12,24,48hrs and on 3,5,7,10 days after blood meal, were carried out by routine paraffin sectioning and hematoxylineosin staining method. Light brown substances around microfilari-form larvae were observed as early as 30min post-infection and some parts of them had begun to change in color from light brown to dark brown. Until 90min post-infection almost all of the larvae in the abdominal haemocoel were enclosed in a dark brown capsule. Thereafter, many round shaped cells were observed attached on the pigmented capsule until about 3hrs post-infection. The adhered cells became distinctly flattened by 24hrs post-infection and the nucleus of the individual cell became difficult to be recognized. After 48hrs post-infection, cell layer around the pigmented capsule was recognized as a faintly basophilic or brownish layer. Inside the cell layer many minute brown particles were observed from 5 to 10 day post-infection. It was clarified that cellular response by host mosquitoes lagged behind the pigmentation and that the cells of mosquitoes played a role in a series of encapsulation reactions against filarial larvae in the abdominal haemocoel.View full abstractDownload PDF (1420K) -
Kiku OKAMOTOArticle type: Article
1986 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 67-73
Published: March 15, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn female cockroaches, Periplaneta americana and P. australasiae, ultraviolet rays inhibit the oothecal formation. Morphological manipulation of the head of cockroaches showed that the site of ultraviolet reception was located in the region of antacoria. Light-evoked spike discharges were recorded from that region and the maximal response was obtained at the wavelength of 254nm. These results of structual and functional investigations showed that the site of ultraviolet reception was located at the nerve-cord-like structure under the antacoria.View full abstractDownload PDF (700K) -
Fe R. MAGPAYO, Rokuro KANOArticle type: Article
1986 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 75-78
Published: March 15, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new species of sarcophagine fly, Sarcophaga talomoensis from Mt. Talomo in Mindanao, Philippines is described and figured. The new species is closely related to S. cabrerai (Kano et Sugiyama, 1983) n. comb. described from Mt. Maquiling, Luzon, Philippines.View full abstractDownload PDF (329K) -
Katsuhiko MATSUMOTO, Masako OKAMOTO, Yoshitake WADAArticle type: Article
1986 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 79-90
Published: March 15, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAdopting the individual rearing method, the effect of relative humidities of 86,76,61 and 36% RH on the life cycle of Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus was observed under a constant temperature at 25℃. At 76% RH, the eggs of D. farinae developed to adult in the shortest duration of 39.6±6.6 (29-60) days; 8.1±0.1 days for egg, 8.2±0.3 days for larva, 17.0±5.7 days for protonymph and 6.6±0.4 days for tritonymph. In D. farinae, under each humidity, two types of the protonymphal stage were observed. One had a shorter stage of 5-10 days and another had that longer than 15 days. The former was named as the regular protonymph and the latter as the prolonged protonymph. At 61% RH, a few prolonged tritonymphs, which required more than 20 days before molting to the adults, were also observed. The appearance of the prolonged nymphal stage seemed to be related with the nutritional condition as well as humidity. The number of eggs laid by a female per day was normally 1 or 2 in D. farinae. However, some females occasionally laid 5 or 6 eggs in a day. At 86% RH, the largest total number of eggs per female (80.6±8.2) was observed. At 76% RH, numated female of D. farinae showed longest longevity of 188.8±60.9 days ranging from 92 to 378 days. The longevity of the female was usually longer than that of the male. D. pteronyssinus showed the shortest developmental duration also at 76% RH. It took 37.1±2.5 days with a range from 30 to 54 days; 6.2±0.3 days for egg, 10.7±0.3 days for larva, 8.6±1.0 days for protonymph and 11.4±2.2 days for tritonymph. The prolonged proto-and tritonymphs were not observed in this species unlike in D. farinae. At 76% RH. the largest total number of eggs, 76.2+22.2,was laid by a female of D. pteronyssinus. At 36% RH, all of D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus were dead before the protonymphal stage.View full abstractDownload PDF (1044K) -
Yoichi YAMAGATAArticle type: Article
1986 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 91-94
Published: March 15, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDischarge rate of five streams infested with Simulium ochraceum was observed every 14 days over 16 months in an area where onchocerciasis is endemic in Guatemala. Three components of specific discharge were proposed : (1) q_A, a constant flow; (2) q_B, a seasonal flow which is charged in the rainy season and discharged exponentially in the early dry season; and (3) q_C, an ephemeral flow which is charged and discharged repeatedly during the rainy season. The greater the q_A, the less was the seasonal fluctuation of total specific discharge. When q_A was 30l/(sec・(km)^2) or greater, the seasonal change was almost negligible. When q_A was 1.9 to 5.0,q_B consisted of a major part of the total specific discharge in the early dry season until q_B decreased below the q_A level in the late dry season. A q_A value less than 0.062 apparently had no effect on stabilizing the discharge rate in the late dry season.View full abstractDownload PDF (326K) -
Hirofumi HAYAKAWAArticle type: Article
1986 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 95-97
Published: March 15, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTen species of tabanid flies belonging to three genera were collected from cattle in the suburbs of Shibata City in Niigata Prefecture during the period of late July to late September in 1968. Tabanus trigeminus was most abundant occupying more than half of the flies collected, and T. trigonus was next. T. nipponicus which is a dominant species in the pastures of the Tohoku district was rather scarce in this place. The parous rate of the flies was very low at the beginning of the season in T. trigeminus, T. trigonus, T. nipponicus and Atylotus horvathi (all of them are unautogenous species), while it was very high throughout the season in T. kinoshitai and T. rufidens (autogenous species).View full abstractDownload PDF (327K)
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