Medical Entomology and Zoology
Online ISSN : 2185-5609
Print ISSN : 0424-7086
ISSN-L : 0424-7086
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Volume 38, Issue 1
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1987 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages Cover2-
    Published: March 15, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.38.Cover2
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Experimental infection of Simulium takahasii with a canine filaria Dirofilaria immitis
    Hiroyuki TAKAOKA, Minoru BABA
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
    Published: March 15, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.38.1_1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Experimental infections of Simulium takahasii (Rubtsov) with Dirofilaria immitis were carried out by feeding newly-emerged female flies on an infected dog with a microfilaremia of 1,808mf/20 (mm)^3 of blood. The intakes of microfilariae by 20 flies fluctuated from 21 to 313 (mean 103.4). Out of 150 flies which were blood fed and maintained at 26℃, 137 were dissected at 24-hr intervals during the period of 1-16 days post feeding. As a result, during the first 2 days 27 of 28 flies examined harboured large numbers of microfilariae mostly in the stomach. After 3 days, 71 (65%) of 109 flies dissected contained 1-16 developing larvae (mean 3.8) mostly in the Malpighian tubules. Among 261 developing larvae recovered, 83 (32%) and 17 (6.5%) developed to the second- and third-stage larvae, respectively. The earliest moultings from the first to the second and from the second to the third stage took place on day 8 and 12,respectively. All the third-stage larvae recovered were alive and appeared morphologically normal, with the body lengths of 658.3-979.5μm. It has been proved that S. takahasii is susceptible to infection with D. immitis, and the latter's development occurs also in the Malpighian tubules, as in mosquito vectors.
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  • Ecological studies on ixodid ticks : 2. Comparison of the seasonal occurrence of three ixodid ticks, Haemaphysalis flava, Ixodes ovatus and I. nipponensis in the south-western part of Saitama Prefecture
    Kazuyoshi FUJIMOTO, Noboru YAMAGUTI, Mamoru TAKAHASHI
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 7-12
    Published: March 15, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.38.7
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    The seasonal occurrence of three ixodid ticks, Haemaphysalis flava, Ixodes ovatus and I. nipponensis on wild animals and vegetations was investigated in the south-western part of Saitama Prefecture. Investigation on wild animals was made from 1976 through 1984,and on vegetations by flagging method from 1981 through 1983. 1. H. flava adults were collected on vegetations throughout the year, but the number decreased markedly in summer and slightly in winter. The nymphs showed similar trend to the adults with a large population throughout the year. The seasonal occurrence of the larvae showed an unimodality with a large peak in July to November. 2. The occurrence of I. ovatus adults on vegetations was common from spring to summer, whose pattern was characterized by the absence of autumn peak. The nymphs were seen on wild mice and moles from spring to autumn with a peak in April, and the larvae from autumn to spring with a peak in November. 3. I. nipponensis adults on vegetations were relatively abundant in June and July. Because of a small number of adults collected, its seasonal occurrence was indistinct. The nymphs on vegetations were abundant in March to August, but scarce in September to February. The parasitic activity pattern of the nymphs on lizards was similar to that on vegetations. The larvae on vegetations showed an unimodality with a large peak in July to October, but those on lizards were active from April to early December. 4. An outline of seasonal occurrence patterns of three ixodid ticks was pictured. The characteristics of seasonal occurrence of each ixodid tick were discussed in relation to environmental temperatures and diapause.
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  • Ecological studies on ixodid ticks : 3. The distribution of ixodid ticks within a low mountain zone in the south-western part of Saitama Prefecture
    Kazuyoshi FUJIMOTO, Noboru YAMAGUTI
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 13-18
    Published: March 15, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.38.13
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    The distribution of ixodid ticks was surveyed by flagging method from 1981 through 1983 within a low mountain zone of south-western part of Saitama Prefecture, and Haemaphysalis flava, Ixodes ovatus, I. nipponensis, I. tanuki and I. turdus were collected from eight survey areas. The forest types of these areas were roughly classified into three groups : the plantation of Sugi cedar and Hinoki cypress, the secondary forest composed of mainly Konara oak, and the patchily mixed forest of the above. H. flava was most widely distributed in the secondary forest and the plantation, and I. ovatus was abundant in the plantation, while I. nipponensis in the secondary and the mixed forest. The relationship between vegetative types and tick distribution was discussed. The hight preference of a host lizard, Takydromus tachydromoides for the secondary forest was suggested to be a factor affecting the distribution of I. nipponensis. Unstable humidity and temperature in a day at the ground stratum of the secondary forest were suggested to be a factor causing the low population of I. ovatus. For I. tanuki and I. turdus, no special feature of distribution was observed because of few individuals collected.
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  • Chiggers and Rickettsia tsutsugamushi from wild rodents of southern Gifu Prefecture, Japan
    Sher Afzal REKA, Sahoko MIZUNO, Nobuo KUMADA
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 19-24
    Published: March 15, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.38.19
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    Surveys of tsutsugamushi disease rickettsia and the vector trombiculid mites were done by trapping wild rodents and other small animals at the southwestern part of Gifu Prefecture during 1980 to 1984. Eight out of 59 field mice, Apodemus speciosus, were found positive for Rickettsia tsutsugamushi infection. Some of the isolated strains of R. tsutsugamushi were examined by complement fixation and partly by immunofluorescent tests; these belonged to Gilliam or Karp types. Two species of probable vectors, Leptotrombidium pallidum and L. scutellare, were found among the 12 species of trombiculid mites collected from the wild rodents. These results indicate that the surveyed area has been potentially endemic with tsutsugamushi disease since the last investigation carried out in 1950's.
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  • The effects of insecticides on the behaviour of female mosquitoes under laboratory conditions
    Takeshi KURIHARA, Tokuko UMINO
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 25-32
    Published: March 15, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.38.25
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    In order to study the effects of insecticides on the behaviour of female mosquitoes under the laboratory conditions, a series of cage tests were carried out. The apparatus was composed of two wire-cages (30×30×30cm each); one served as a release cage of avid mosquitoes and the other served as a mouse-baited cage. The wide-mesh net was impregnated with the candidate insecticide at different doses and interposed between the two cages, but the mosquitoes were able to pass through the mesh. The mosquitoes were introduced at 3pm and recovered 19hrs later. The result showed that phenothrin treated net had marked effects on the behaviour of Anopheles stephensi. There was a high level of inhibition in entering the bait-cage and in feeding blood. Also fed mosquitoes were driven out of the bait-cage by the irritant action of the insecticide. However, a high mortality masked those responses at a dose higher than 0.64g/m^2. It was also demonstrated that the avid mosquitoes, which were introduced into the bait-cage, moved away to the other cage without feeding. In the case of Culex pipiens pallens, deterrent effects in the entering behaviour were almost negligible. Feeding in Aedes albopictus was less inhibited than in the other mosquitoes. Reduction of entry and feeding by the fenitrothion treated net was due to high mortality of mosquitoes. The inhibition of feeding was observed in Cx. pipiens pallens which shows high resistance to this insecticide, though they entered the bait-cage. This apparatus seems to be practical for assessing the behavioural reaction to insecticides of various species of mosquitoes.
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  • A new species and new records of avian nasal mites (Acarina : Rhinonyssidae) from Japan
    Teruki KADOSAKA, Kiyotoshi KANEKO, Kiyoshi ASANUMA
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 33-43
    Published: March 15, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.38.33
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    A new and seven newly recorded species of the avian nasal mites (Rhinonyssidae) are reported from birds in Japan. A new species, Ptilonyssus hiyodori n. sp. is described on the female. Seven species, Ptilonyssus ruandae Fain, 1956,Ptilonyssus sairae Castro, 1948,Ptilonyssus euroturdi Fain and Hyland, 1963,Rhinonyssus himantopus Strandtmann, 1951,Sternostoma technaui (Vitzthum), 1935,Rallinyssus caudistigmus Strandtmann, 1948,and Ruandanyssus terpsiphonei Fain, 1957,new to Japan are briefly redescribed on available specimens and figured. All the Japanese rhinonyssid mites are listed on a table.
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  • Effect of blood-meal size on oocyte maturation and fecundity in Simulium takahasii (Diptera; Simuliidae)
    Hiroyuki TAKAOKA
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 45-51
    Published: March 15, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.38.45
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The fecundity (the number of oocytes matured per fly in the first gonotrophic cycle) of an anautogenous blackfly, Simulium takahasii was quantitatively studied in relation to blood-meal sizes ingested. A full human blood meal usually weighing more than body weight resulted in varied fecundities (212 to 409), although the proportion of oocytes matured per fly was high in all flies (85.9-100%). Regression analysis indicated that larger individuals took more blood meal and produced more eggs. Interrupted blood-feeding trials showed that initiation of oocyte development beyond the quiescent stage rarely occurred in flies fed with less than 0.5mg of blood or less than 1/4 the body weight, but this proportion rapidly increased and reached up to 100%, as the ingested blood-meal size increased to 1.0mg or 1/2 the body weight. On the other hand, the proportion of oocytes matured per fly, hence fecundity too, tended to increase gradually throughout the range of blood-meal sizes (up to 2.0mg, nearly equivalent to body size).
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  • Colonization of blackflies in seasonal streams in an onchocerciasis-endemic area of Guatemala with reference to voltinism of Mayacnephia aguirrei
    Takao OKAZAWA
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 53-57
    Published: March 15, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.38.53
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Colonizing order of the blackfly species and voltinism of Mayacnephia aguirrei were studied in seasonal streams in an onchocerciasis-endemic area of Guatemala. Mayacnephia aguirrei colonized first, then Simulium metallicum, S. horacioi and S. ochraceum appeared, followed by S. callidum and S. (Hemicnetha) spp. The colonizing order of these species coincided with the order of a preference for stream discharge from small to large. Mayacnephia aguirrei had at least three generations in a year.
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  • Notes on the fecundity of several Central and South American blackflies
    Minoru BABA, Hiroyuki TAKAOKA, Hiroshi SUZUKI, Shinichi NODA, Isao TAD ...
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 59-62
    Published: March 15, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.38.59
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    [in Japanese]
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1987 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages Cover4-
    Published: March 15, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.38.Cover4
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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