東京都の市街地及び郊外にて捕獲したドブネズミに就て, それに寄生する原虫類を調査した.鼠は全て金網籠にて生きたままで捕獲し, 検査直前にクロロフォルム麻酔にて殺した.捕獲した鼠にはクマネズミ(Rattus rattus)も相当に混在していたが, 両種を必ずしも正確に分類し得なかつたので, 茲では総てドブネズミとして一括記載した.鼠に寄生し得る全ての原虫類を検査対照とするつもりであつたが, Hepatozoon murisだけは除外した.Toxoplasma gondiiには特に注意し, 屠殺後直に脳を生理的食塩水でEmulsionとし3匹宛のマウスの腹腔に注入し, 2-4週後にその腹腔を検すると共に, その脳を同様に新しいマウスに注入した.併し残念ながら今日までToxoplasmaを見出していない.従つて以下記載するものは腸管及び血液の寄生原虫である.検査した鼠数は合計104頭であり, うち雄42頭, 雌62頭であつた.検査期間は1952年7月より1953年5月に至る11ケ月間である.

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広島県に於ける人体寄生原虫類保有者の調査については田辺外6名(昭和7年)及松田(昭和15)の報告がある.戦後我国各地で寄生原虫類保有者の調査が行われ, 全国的に保有者が増加した傾向が見られている.余はさきに広島市の某孤児収容施設にいる児童の調査成績を報告したが, 之は我国では稀に見る高率な感染であつた.余は昭和23年以来, 広島市及その近傍の児童の寄生原虫類保有者の調査を行つていたが, 之について報告する.

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蛔虫卵を含有している糞便から蛔虫卵だけを可及的短時間に且つ多数に分離採集する方法として筆者は次の如き操作を行い常に満足な結果を得ているのでここに報告する.

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糸状虫症の化学療法は近年頓に進展し, アンチモン(以下, Sbと略記)剤, ピペラヂン誘導体, シアニン色素剤, 砒素剤, 等の殺虫効果が認められて居る.これらの中, シアニン色素剤は, その毒性などの関係から, 実用化されて居らぬが, 他の三者は夫々の特色があり, 各種の人畜糸状虫に就て行われた報告, 並に著者の犬糸状虫Dirofilari aimmitisに於ける実験成績を総括すると, Sb剤及びピペラヂン誘導体にはミクロフィラリア(以下, m.f.と略記)に対する顕著な駆除作用があり, 砒素剤には卓越した成虫殺滅作用が認められる.而して, Sb剤及びピペラヂン誘導体の使用に際してもm.f.の完全消失を見ない場合が屡々あり, 砒素剤はm.f.に対して殆んど無影響であることを知る.以上の如く, m.f.に無効なる砒素剤はもとより, m.f.に有効なるSb剤或はピペラヂン誘導体の使用に際しても, これらの化学療法に耐過したるm.f.が中間宿主体内で発育し得るか否かを確かめることは, 糸状虫症に対する化学療法の終局の一つを見究める意味と, 糸状虫の伝搬に関する考察を行う上に重要であるので, 犬糸状虫に就て行つた実験の概要を述べる次第であり, 他種糸状虫の場合の参考ともなれば幸である.

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我々はさきの報告に於て蛔虫を海〓に多数感染させて, 1週以後に蛔虫の幼虫及び成虫から得た抗元を以て, 罹患海〓に皮内反応を実施し特異な成績を得た.しかもこの反応は蛔虫の種類(人, 豚及び犬に)関係なく陽性であるが, 鉤虫抗元に対しては蛔虫罹患海〓は皮膚反応を示さないことを知つた.その逆に犬鈎虫罹患海〓は鈎虫抗元にのみ陽性の反応を示し蛔虫抗元には反応しない.更に蛔虫及び鈎虫抗元共抗元分析の結果polysaccharide fractionは注射後30分で烈しい発赤を惹起し, 6時間位継続して消褪し, 一方protein fractionは2〜3時間後から水腫を伴つて発赤を起し72時間継続することを知つた.豚蛔虫飼養液を抗元として蛔虫罹患海〓の皮膚反応を行うと蛔虫体成分のpolysaccharide fractionに相当する反応丈を示し, protein fractionに相当する反応は全然認められなかつた.Schultz-Dale反応を罹患海〓の腸に対し施行すると蛔, 鈎虫抗元ともpolysaccharide fractionのみが腸の著しいれんしゆくを示すが, protein fractionでは反応が陰性であつた.蛔, 鈎虫共成虫と幼虫との間には共通の皮膚反応が認められ犬鈎虫の場合はfilaria型幼虫のみならずrhabditis型幼虫が成虫と同様な皮膚反応陽性成分を有するが, 卵には認められなかつた.蛔虫卵に依る抗元の場合は更に判然とした変化を認められ蛔虫卵の数を一定にして抗元を製造すると, 単細胞のものには反応が認められず桑実期迄はこの状態が続くが, 蝌蚪期に至つて多少弱いが皮膚反応が陽性になつて来る.幼虫形成の蛔虫卵では勿論成虫と同様の反応を示した.以上の様な結果に対して更に精しい抗元の性質の究明を試みたのが本報文である.

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吸蟲類の発育史を研究中, 筆者は特に昆蟲を中間宿主とする吸蟲の発育史に興味を覚え, 所謂水棲昆蟲を広く検索中のところ, ヒゲナガカワトビケラStenopsyche griseipennis MAC-LACHI.ANに1種の被嚢幼蟲が高率に寄生することを知り之が発育を追求すると共に発育各期の形態並に生態に基き本群吸蟲の系統分類の修正を企図し, 一私案を得たのでその大要を記述する.本研究は大戦の初期に前任地東京文理科大学動物学教室で行つたもので現在に於ては多少の補正を要する点もあるがこゝではそのまゝ記することとする.研究中終始熱心に助力された安羅岡一男, 田村得三の両氏に感謝する.特に最近病を得て他界された田村得三氏の靈に対し此の機会に衷心より哀悼の意を表する次第である.

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ミヤイリガイ(Oncomelania nosophora)を実験的に水深10cm, 20cmの水中に浸漬した場合のその行動を追跡して次の如き結果を得た.1) 水深10cm, 20cmの硝子円〓内において水底に置かれたミヤイリガイは, 10時間後にその約半数, 24時間後には約70%が水面を離れた外気中(器壁に附着)に見出された.2) 第1回の実験で実験開始24時間後になお水中に止つていた貝と, 水面より上に見出されたものとを各々再び同様な試験をしてみた結果, この両者の間には水面を離脱する点において有意差は認められなかつた.3) 水中に浸漬した少数の貝についてモデル的にその行動軌跡を追跡して記述した.

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1. We have reasons to think that the census method using E(Y)=(N-x)p is most highly appreciable in practice for the present, the equation holding on the assumptions that events of capture for marked and unmarked animals are independent of each other and respective probability of the event for both is constant; P of y=(x/P)^β seems to give some underestimate as compared with N, but the index β keeping its meaning as before may still characterize general trap response of a population. Thus a revised method for measuring post-poisoning populations was devised on the basis of principles of the former equation. 2. Field works were executed with Microtus-populations to make practical use of this procedure; the reduction ratio of them was computed as about 0.1 by applying previously known values of P and π for want of the data, the results approximating round numbers of kills which were on biological grounds determined from the consuming frequency of poison baits. The "new object reaction" of the populations was found plainly smaller to the powerful baits than to traps, accordingly, for this species tending to have lesser trappability, enumeration of kills from the consuming frequency of poisons would seem practically of more advantage over estimation by trapping.

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ペストは, 有菌鼠と蚤さえあれば容易に流行する様に考えられ勝ちだが, 元来が野鼠の疾病である本症が人間社会で流行する仕組は, かく簡単ではない.本報は, 満州の二大ペスト浸淫地のうち, 長嶺地区(長嶺, 乾安, 安広大賚, 農安, 開通, 瞻楡の諸県, 並びに郭爾羅斯前旗)を昭和14, 15の両年, 約1ケ月にわたつて実地観察して来た, そのルポルタージユである.委しいデータは持つて帰れず, 偶然残つた若干の写真や地図の書き込みによつて復元したもので, 我れ乍ら不完全なものではあるが, 再調査の望みが殆どない儘に, 思い切つて発表することにした.調査に際して種々お世話になつた前郭旗ペスト調査所の故加藤所長はじめ, 関係諸県の衛生当事者に深甚の謝意を表す.

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昭和27年8月北海道大学植物園に於て捕獲したヤマコウモリの寄生虫を調査し内外寄生虫数種を得, その中外部寄生虫に就て寄生状況並びに形態を明かにし得たので茲に報告する。なおヤマコウモリの各部測定値を併せ掲げて参考に供し度いと思う.

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1. The correct nomenclature of the four species of Trombicula (Leptotrombidium) described by Nagayo and others, namely pallida, palpalis, intermedia and scutellaris, was discussed together with the designation of the original paper, lectotypes and type localities of these species. 2. Morphological characterisitics of larvae of Trombicula scutellaris under the present taxonomical aspects were discussed. They are morphologically most closely related to Trombicula akamushi, the vector of the classical Tsutsugamushi disease, but are considered to be definitely of different species. 3. Out of about 200 times of collections made by the author and his colleagues for search of Tsutsugamushi covering all of the four main islands of Japan, Trombicula scutellaris was recovered from 12 regions of Izu Islands, Chiba, Shizuoka, Fukui, Kyoto and Kagoshima Prefectures. The species was also recorded by Nagayo and others from Yamagata and by Kawamura and others from Niigata in the same locality as they collected akamushi. The species was considered not so widely distributed as such species like fuji, pallida, kitasatoi or G. saduski. 4. The seasonal distribution of this species is peculiar in its appearance restricted in autumn in northern regions and longer through late autumn to early spring in southern regions like Hachijo Island. 5. Larvae of this species were readily collected from ground surface of infested area by black plates or by boots, as was observed in other human biting chiggers like akamushi. The species was also proved to take a very wide range of hosts in rodents, domestic animals or birds, suggesting that humans could not be the exception. 6. The new type of Tsutsugamushi disease defined here as "winter scrub typhus" was discussed. Through epidemiological studies and ecological observation on mites, Trombicula scutellaris was suggested as the vector of this disease in Izu Islnd, Chiba and other areas. The disease highly prevalent in Hachijo Island and possibly in other areas is characterized in its occurrence in the winter season, extremely low mortality, high morbidity rate of young children and the almost equal sex ratio. 7. The possibility that the recovery of Trombicula scutellaris from certain areas would suggest the occurrence of the disease was discussed. On the other hand, exmaples of the occurrence of the similar type of the disease from regions where no specimens of this species was recovered and certain other species like pallida was abundantly collected were given. In view of the assumption that there would be much more localities in and outside of Japan where Trombicula scutellaris occurs without being discovered, and that other more widely distributed species like pallida may also act as the accidental vector, it is highly probable that winter scrub typhus might have been very widely scattered in rural areas of Japan under the misdiagnosis with related diseases like murine typhus.

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1. I was engaged in a survey of rodents and their parasitic fleas in Inner Mongolia from February 1944 to June 1945. I would like to discuss in this paper information obtained on house-rats and their fleas. 2. I collected 147 Rattus norvegicus norvegicus and 15 Mus molossinus in 6 districts of Inner Mongolia. 3. The flea fauna of Rattus norvegicus norvegicus were comprised of 4 genera and 4 species as follows : a. Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild, 1903) -289 (65%) b. Monopsyllus anisus (Rothschild, 1908) -128 (29%) c. Nosopsyllus fasciatus (Bosc, 1801) -26 (6%) d. Pulex irritans Linnaeus, 1758 -5 (1%) 4. The average number of fleas per Rattus norvegicus norvegicus was 3.0 and the average number of Xenopsylla cheopis per R. n. n. was 2.0. 5. The house-rat and flea fauna of Inner Mongolia is similar to that of North China.

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During the past several years the writer has collected some interesting sarcophagid flies which seem to be new to science. In the present paper the descriptions of three new species are given. The type specimens treated here are preserved in his collection. Before entering the subject, the writer wishes to express his sincere thanks to Prof. Dr. M. Kato of the Tohoku University for his cordial guidance and encouragement. The writer is also much indebted to Dr. H. Kobayashi, Prof. Dr. M. Tokunaga and Prof. M. Kumano for their kind advice in many ways for his study. Finally the writer is most grateful to Dr. E. Seguy for his valuable criticism.

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In order to be acquainted with the kind of flies in Yonago district, I classified them which were caught on the dumping ground near the students dining-room, for a year. The total number was 13371, made up as under : Musca spp. 12360 92.4% Lucilia spp. 504 3.8% Sarcophaga spp. 471 3.5% Calliphora spp. 36 0.3%

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In order to examine the periodical occurrence theory in mosquitoes, introduced by S. Shibata in 1948, the authors investigated the larval instar-ratio of malaria mosquito Anopheles hyrcanus sinensis Wiedemann in the rice-field at Matsudo, Chiba Prefecture. If Shibata's theory is just, the periodical change of the instar-ratio must be regular as shown in Fig. 1 (black : young stage, oblique line : old stage). But from the investigation data in years 1951 and 1952 (Fig. 2), the authors are unable to recognize the above-mentioned tendency. The variation of instar-ratio is not small, but the authors consider that the percentage of young stage is higher in general except after heavy rains (in Fig. 2 the mark shows the case). Moreover, the authors have to point out the relationship between the seasonal changing of instar-ratio (Fig. 2) and the population density of adult. For example, the falling of young stage ratio toward August may be controlled by the decrease of adults. As the conclusion the authors oppose Shibata's theory so far as the species occurred in the rice-field is concerned.

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日華事変ぼつ発3年目頃から大東亜戦争に至る期間に於て上海日本居留民の間にも本国に見習つて隣保制度が組織され, 今にしてみれば実にはかない回想でしかないのであるが, 亢奮したふん囲気のうちに民防空に関する諸施設が町内会単位に着々と強化されてゆき, 防火用水槽設置の如きもその一つの現れであつた.ところがこの防火用水槽の出現は, それに附随して公衆衛生上見逃しがたい諸問題を起した.例えば夜半苦力, 乞食の露天風呂乃至洗濯場として重宝がられる水槽が日晝は児童の水遊び場として喜ばれるが如き, またデング熱, マラリアのような悪疫伝搬に大きな役割を演ずる蚊族の発生基地がこのため著しく増加する虞れのあるが如きその代表的なものである.昭和18年(1943)の春先, 漢口の中心部にデング熱が発生し9月になつて猛威を振い10月中旬までに464名の患者を算しその約8割が邦人であり, 中国人側の罹患は調査不充分のため確実な数字はつかめないが千数百名に達したであろうとのことであつた.けれどもこの年上海では1名のユダヤ人患者発生の公報に接したのみであつた.かかる情勢のもとに著者等は上海の防火用水槽につき, 蚊族幼虫発生状況調査の必要にせまられ, 当地総力報国会厚生部(部長下村泰介氏)の熱心な協力を得て昭和18年6月から約2ケ月に亘り町内会設置のもの1226個, 工場内設置のもの3129個合計4355個の防火用水槽につき, その種類, 構造, 貯水状態を調査し, 実際貯水されている水槽4092個について蚊族幼虫の発生状況を検査した.検出されたCulex属の種類や各種幼虫の水槽内に於ける混棲状態についての詳細な資料の控など今は全部散逸して手許になく, ここにはAnopheles hyrcanus var. sinensisとAedes albopictusの2種についてのみ記述するの己むなきを遺憾とする.また参考に供した文献もその控を失つたためその極く一部しかここに載せることができない.

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1.アカイエカの翅長, 体重及び瀘胞形成数は発生中の飼育条件に従つて, 相互に複雑な関係を保ちながら変動する.2.飼育液の差異による変化は体の発育が調和的であり, 翅長・体重・瀘胞数はほぼ相伴つて増減する.3.水温変化では翅長や体重の増減と瀘胞数のそれとが逆行する.水温の影響は主として幼虫後期における温度の上昇または下降に依存する.

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山口県に於ける蚊の調査は極めて不完全で, そこに棲息している蚊の種類及び季節的消長について断片的な報告さえも存在しないので我々は隣接諸県の調査成績から類推する以外に方法がない有様である.そこで私共はこの仕事の第一段階として下関市小月町及び小野田市に於て昨年(1952年)蚊の採集を行つた.こゝに発表するのは, そのさいの成績の概要である.

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1) Observations and colletions of swarms of Culex pipiens pallens were made from May through November, 1950 at Sinmei town, Fukui prefecture. 2) The percentage number of female against male in the swarming population is somewhat variable according with the season, but as a whole, the value was about one percent. This suggests that in the course of evening swarm of this mosquito species, one female against 100 males will be always found without regard to the place, time and season. 3) The males of this species continue the swarm formation during a period of one month or more after the females ceases from entering house or cow-shed to feed, showing that the swarming habit survives the feeding habit at low temperatures below 15℃. in average for month. The last female in a swarm was obtained as late as on 24th November. 4) The starting time of swarming is at 15-10 Lux in mid Summer but in mid October it is at 500 Lux or above and in the last part of the month it is at about 1200 Lux and finally in late November it is at about 1700 Lux, showing that the time progressively getting fast mainly with the days becoming short and partly with the decrease in temperature when it is below 20℃. or so. 5) 285 individuals (243♀ and 42♂) belonging to eight species were found mingling within the swarm of this species, of which C. tritaeniorhynchus was the most numerous. It is strange that the total number (197) of the female mosquito of the above species by far precedes that (110) of the female of C. pipiens pallens itself. 6) Considerations on the functions of swarming and on the factors governing swarm formation were made.

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