Medical Entomology and Zoology
Online ISSN : 2185-5609
Print ISSN : 0424-7086
ISSN-L : 0424-7086
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Volume 40, Issue 4
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1989 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages Cover14-
    Published: December 15, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.40.Cover14
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Field evaluation of a new insect growth regulator, pyriproxyfen, against Anopheles farauti, the main vector of malaria in the Solomon Islands
    Hiroshi SUZUKI, Takao OKAZAWA, Nathan KERE, Hitoshi KAWADA
    Article type: Article
    1989 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 253-257
    Published: December 15, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.40.253
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    A field study to control the malarian vector, Anopheles farauti, with an insect growth regulator, pyriproxyfen (S-31183), was carried out in northern Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands. An emulsifiable concentrate of 1% pyriproxyfen was applied to two breeding sites : one with fresh water and another with brackish water. Pyriproxyfen at a dosage of 0.1ppm inhibited emergence of An. farauti completely, at both test sites, for at least 5 weeks after treatment and the efficacy (more than 70% inhibition) lasted for ca. 2 months. The body color of the larvae and pupae in the test sites whitened noticeably after the application of the compound.
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  • Tests for cockroach control with UV radiation : 1. Entrance of cockroaches into the UV radiation field of germicidal lamps
    Kiku OKAMOTO
    Article type: Article
    1989 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 259-267
    Published: December 15, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.40.259
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    With behavioral auto-recording equipment the German cockroach, Blattella germanica L., and American cockroach, Periplaneta americana L., were demonstrated to actively enter into the radiation field of a 10W germicidal lamp. The daily mortality was examined for 4 days by releasing nymphs and adults into a constant temperature room with 2 or 4 germicidal lamps set near the floor. Foot traces printed on smoky papers under the lamp were also checked to confirm for their movement behavior. Adult American cockroaches tended to avoid intensive radiation from the germicidal lamp, whereas, nymphs and adults of the German cockroach and nymphs of the American cockroach were rather attracted to the radiation, resulting in high cumulative mortalities at the end of experiment. These results suggest a possibility of controlling cockroaches with the UV radiation emitted from germicidal lamps.
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  • The Natural History of Larval Mosquito Habitats, Marshall Laird, 1988,Academic Press, London and San Diego, ISBN 0-12-434005-9,xxvii+555pp., $135.00
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1989 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 268-
    Published: December 15, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.40.268
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  • Usefulness of chironomid larvae as indicators of water quality
    Koichiro KAWAI, Takayoshi YAMAGISHI, Yoshihiro KUBO, Kenichi KONISHI
    Article type: Article
    1989 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 269-283
    Published: December 15, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.40.269
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    Larval chironomid faunae in a total of 66 water bodies at different levels of organic pollution were investigated. The number of species recorded and the diversity indices (Shannon-Weaver's diversity index H' and Pielou's evenness component diversity J') of the community usually showed significant negative correlations with the BOD. Pentaneura divisa and Brillia japonica, etc., Polypedilum pedestre and Paracladopelma camptolabis, etc., and Polypedilum japonicum occurred only in oligosaprobic (BOD<1), oligosaprobic to β-mesosaprobic (BOD<2), and β-mesosaprobic to α-mesosaprobic (1≦BOD<5) waters, respectively. Corynoneura lobata, Tanytarsus tamagotoi, Tanytarsus takahashii and Polypedilum asakawaense were dominant only in oligosaprobic lotic waters, oligosaprobic, β-mesosaprobic (1≦BOD<2) and α-mesosaprobic (2≦BOD<5) lentic waters, respectively. The relative abundance of Cricotopus triannulatus in a lotic community tended to be higher in α-mesosaprobic waters than in oligosaprobic or β-mesosaprobic waters. These results suggest that the diversity of a larval chironomid community, and the occurrence, dominance and relative abundance of some species can be used as excellent indicators of water quality.
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  • Letters to Editor
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1989 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 284-
    Published: December 15, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.40.284
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  • A new Muscina-species from Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea (Diptera, Muscidae)
    Satoshi SHINONAGA
    Article type: Article
    1989 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 285-287
    Published: December 15, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.40.285
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    Muscina arcuata sp. nov. is described and figured based on the specimens collected from Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea. This is the 8th species of Muscina of the world.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1989 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 288-
    Published: December 15, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.40.288
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  • ^1H-MRI and in vivo ^<31>P-MRS study of diseased state of smoky-brown cockroach infected with cockroach densovirus
    Masakazu TAKAHASHI, Kenzo KATO, Kazuhiro MATSUSHITA, Masahiro UMEDA, M ...
    Article type: Article
    1989 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 289-293
    Published: December 15, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.40.289
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    The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology was applied to the smoky-brown cockroach, Periplaneta fuliginosa (Serville), which had been infected with cockroach densovirus of the family Parvoviridae to correlate the diseased state with metabolic changes of the cockroach. ^1H-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed that, when abnormality is not yet recognized, increased spin lattice relaxation time (T_1) was detected in and around the midgut or hindgut region of the infected insects. ^<31>P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) demonstrated a decrease in the amount of arginine phosphate and, conversely, an increase in the amount of sugar phosphate, compared with uninfected insects.
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  • Letters to Editor
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1989 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 294-
    Published: December 15, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.40.294
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  • Culex (Culiciomyia) javanensis (Diptera : Culicidae) : New distribution records and redescription of the larva, with a larval key to species of the subgenus Culiciomyia in Asia and Oceania
    Masuhisa TSUKAMOTO, Takako TOMA, Ichiro MIYAGI
    Article type: Article
    1989 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 295-301
    Published: December 15, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.40.295
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    Culex (Culiciomyia) javanensis is newly recorded from Mt. Apo, the Philippines. A detailed redescription of the 4th instar larva is given. Slight differences in larval morphology are noted between specimens from Peninsular Malaysia and those from the Philippines. The larval key to the 28 known species of Culex (Culiciomyia) in Asia and Oceania is provided.
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  • A new species of the genus Aptilotus Mik, 1898 (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) from Japan
    Toshihiko HAYASHI
    Article type: Article
    1989 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 303-306
    Published: December 15, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.40.303
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    A new species, Aptilotus longinervis, is described from Japan. The genus is recorded here from the E. Palaearctic region for the first time.
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  • Oviposition sites and the number of larval instars of two mountain blackfly species, Simulium japonicum and S. rufibasis : Diptera : Simuliidae
    Minoru BABA, Hiroyuki TAKAOKA
    Article type: Article
    1989 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 307-313
    Published: December 15, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.40.307
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    Oviposition sites and the number of larval instars of two mountain blackfly species, Simulium japonicum Matsumura and S. rufibasis Brunetti, were investigated. The eggs of both species, which were indistinguishable from each other by egg size, coexisted on bryophytes growing on a water-splashed boulder. They were laid individually without making egg masses, and most of them were found lower than 5cm above water level. Two eggs of S. japonicum were also found on a partially submerged fallen leaf. Nine larval instars were identified in both species based on the measurements of head capsules of laboratory-reared individuals. The growth rates calculated from the size of head capsules between successive two instars were almost constant, i. e., a mean of 1.27±0.082 (S. D.) and 1.25±0.045 for S. japonicum and S. rufibasis, respectively. The oviposition habit of these species was discussed in relation to the habitat conditions.
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  • Insecticidal resistance of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Chinen, Okinawa Prefecture, with special reference to the mechanism of pyrethroid-resistance
    Kazuo YASUTOMI, Mitsuo TAKAHASHI
    Article type: Article
    1989 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 315-321
    Published: December 15, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.40.315
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    Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes collected at Chinen Village, Okinawa, in 1987 and colonized in the laboratory were tested for resistance to insecticides. High resistance levels of the Chinen strain to organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate insecticides were similar to those of 16 samples in the 1984 country-wide survey in which no material from Okinawa was included. Extremely high levels of resistance to malathion and temefos were observed in the Chinen strain; the resistance ratio in larvae was about 10,000 for malathion and >125,000 for temefos. However, the Chinen strain was less resistant to fenitrothion, fenthion, and carbamates than the mosquitoes tested in 1984. The electrophoretic analysis indicated that the Chinen strain showed higher activity of carboxylesterases which hydrolyze β-naphthyl acetate than in the susceptible (Taiwan) strain. Therefore, the enhanced carboxylesterase activity was estimated to be a mechanism of OP resistance in the Chinen strain, although the role of acetyl-cholinesterases has not been analyzed. The Chinen strain was also resistant to pyrethroids with the resistance ratios of 50-1,000 for larvae. This finding was contrary to the results in the 1984 survey. When piperonyl butoxide was applied, LC_<50>'s of permethrin and cypermethrin for Chinen larvae were decreased by 1/3 and 1/23,respectively, but a considerable difference between LC_<50>'s for Chinen and Taiwan larvae remained in each of these pyrethroids. This indicates mfo's are not major factors regulating pyrethroid resistance in the Chinen strain. Application of an inhibitor of DDT-dehydrochlorinase (DMC) and an inhibitor of mfo's (sesamex) did not affect the LC_<50> of DDT for Chinen larvae. Experimental crosses of the Chinen strain with the susceptible (Taiwan and e ma) strains showed that pyrethroid resistance of the Chinen strain is regulated by genetically recessive factor(s). This indicates that kdr-like factor(s) might participate in resistance of this strain to pyrethroids and DDT.
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  • Reproductive isolation among Ae. riversi, Ae. alcasidi and Ae. scutellaris of the Aedes (Stegomyia) scutellaris subgroup : Diptera : Culicidae
    Takako TOMA, Ichiro MIYAGI
    Article type: Article
    1989 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 323-332
    Published: December 15, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.40.323
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The degree of sexual and reproductive isolation among three species of mosquitoes : Aedes riversi Bohart and Ingram, occurring in Okinawajima and Iriomotejima, Ryukyu Archipelago, and Tsushima, Kyushu, Japan; Ae. alcasidi Huang from Taiwan; and Ae. scutellaris (Walker) from Papua New Guinea, was evaluated by "hide-and-seek" tests and experimental crossings in the laboratory. The males of Ae. riversi from a given place could not discriminate females obtained from the same place. In a "hide-and-seek" test using Ae. alcasidi and Ae. scutellaris, all of Ae. alcasidi males which performed successful mating could discriminate conspecific females. The males of Ae. riversi and Ae. scutellaris could not readily discriminate conspecific females, and interspecific insemination took place. The crosses of Ae. riversi (Okinawa) females with Ae. alcasidi (Taiwan) males, Ae. scutellaris (Papua New Guinea) females with Ae. riversi (Iriomote or Tsushima) males, and Ae. scutellaris females with Ae. alcasidi males produced a large number of fertile hybrids. These hybrids were bred through to the F_3 or F_4 generation. The respective reciprocal cross was, however, completely sterile.
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  • New wet sieving method for isolating house dust mites
    Yosihiro NATUHARA
    Article type: Article
    1989 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 333-336
    Published: December 15, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.40.333
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    A new wet sieving method for isolating house dust mites from dust was developed by modifying the Furumizo method. In five successive sievings of samples collected by vacuum cleaners, the average proportion of mites isolated in the first three sievings to the total number was 98.4% (ranged from 89.5 to 100.0%) for live mites and 98.7% (90.8-100.0%) for dead mites. Recovery rates of 100 live Dermatophagoides farinae marked with Rhodamin B in each of four 500mg dust samples ranged from 84-95% by three times of sieving; and of dead ones, from 91-98%. This new method was superior to the Darling solution centrifugation method, as far as the isolation efficiency was concerned, when these two methods were compared among five samples each of 0.5g dust.
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  • Effect of permethrin-impregnated ear-tags for control of Musca conducens on pastured cattle
    Tsutomu HASEGAWA, Yoichiro Tsubaki, Masatoshi KAIGA
    Article type: Article
    1989 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 337-340
    Published: December 15, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.40.337
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    During the period from June to September 1987 field tests were conducted in Okinawa Prefecture to evaluate the efficacy of permethrin-impregnated ear-tags for controlling Musca conducens infestation to pasturing cattle. On June 6 two ear-tags impregnated with 15% permethrin were attached to each of all mothers of a herd of beef cattle in Minna Island of the Miyako Archipelago. The number of flies infesting the cattle body was counted twice in a pretreatment survey and then 8 times during the test period. A similar count was made on another herd of untreated cattle. A remarkable reduction in flies (mainly M. conducens) was noted among the treated cattle. Almost complete control was achieved after 18 days, and this state did not change through the remaining period of the test. The efficacy of ear-tags could be ascribed to the marked depending habit of M. conducens to the host in addition to high susceptibility of the fly to permethrin.
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  • Susceptibility of Anopheles omorii to Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis
    Kazuyo ICHIMORI, Takeshi KURIHARA, Ryo ARAKAWA, Kiyoshi KAMIMURA, Masa ...
    Article type: Article
    1989 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 341-343
    Published: December 15, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.40.341
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The susceptibility of Anopheles omorii to Plasmodium yoelli nigeriensis was compared with that of An. stephensi (BEECH strain). In paired feeding experiments, the BEECH strain of An. stephensi, selected as a reference, was fed simultaneously on the same mouse whenever An. omorii was fed. An. omorii was less susceptible than An. stephensi. However, An. omorii was much susceptible to P. y. nigeriensis than the other malaria vectors such as An. gambiae (16cSS strain), An. arabiensis (SENN strain), and An. dirus (BALM strain).
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  • Predominant species of commensal rats in rural areas in Thailand
    Tatsuo YABE, Mongkol CHENCHITTIKUL
    Article type: Article
    1989 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 345-347
    Published: December 15, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.40.345
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    [in Japanese]
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Index
    1989 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 1-3
    Published: December 15, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.40.1_3
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1989 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages Cover16-
    Published: December 15, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.40.Cover16
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