Medical Entomology and Zoology

[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1992 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages Cover2-
Published: March 15, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.43.Cover2

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Variable host selection by mosquitoes and the dynamics of mosquito-borne diseases

Teiji SOTA

Article type: Article
1992 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 1-11
Published: March 15, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.43.1_1

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Some recent models for transmission dynamics of malaria and Japanese encephalitis have incorporated non-random selection of host individuals by vector mosquitoes or selection of alternative host species according to relative host density and attractiveness. Effects of these factors on transmission dynamics were evaluated in terms of the basic reproductive rate of pathogens (R) and infection rates of host and vector populations. Dye and Hasibeder (1986) and Hasibeder and Dye (1988) suggested that non-homogeneous contact between vector and host populations increases R and contributes to persistence of malaria infection, although the proportion of infected humans does not always increase with increased non-homogeneity. Kingsolver's model (Kingsolver, 1987) showed that preference of infected hosts to healthy hosts in vector mosquitoes also contributes to malaria persistence. A simple model for malaria control by use of bednets was presented here, which incorporated blood-seeking behavior among humans using and not using bednets. If mosquitoes attack unprotected people more frequently than before the use of bednets in the area, malaria control may be difficult because R can increase due to introduced non-homogeneity in vector-human contact. Sota and Mogi (1989a, b) used a model system of one vector species with two bloodmeal host species to analyze variable influences of livestock density on malaria and Japanese encephalitis dynamics. They suggested that zooprophylaxis for malaria control may fail when introduced livestock provide more bloodmeals for mosquitoes and contribute to an increase in mosquito density. In their model for Japanese encephalitis, relative density of humans to swine and host preference in mosquitoes determine the risk of human infection. The model suggested that the human risk is at maximum when mosquitoes feed equally on humans and swine, and that a high human risk is present even at low swine densities because of strong preference for swine in mosquitoes.

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Evaluation of lambdacyhalothrin, deltamethrin and permethrin against filth flies (Diptera : Muscidae, Calliphoridae) at a garbage dumping ground and a poultry farm in Malaysia

Sallehudin SULAIMAN, Baharudin OMAR, Sulaiman OMAR, John JEFFERY, Isma ...

Article type: Article
1992 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 13-17
Published: March 15, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.43.13

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The pyrethroids lambdacyhalothrin, deltamethrin and permethrin were evaluated against field populations of housefly Musca domestica L. and blowfly Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) in a garbage dumping ground and a poultry farm. Lambdacyhalothrin and deltamethrin were more effective compared to permethrin during evaluation at a garbage dumping ground, causing high percentage of fly larval knockdown at 1hr and larval mortality 24hr after spraying. Applications at a poultry farm showed that all three pyrethroids were equally effective against fly larvae, 1hr after spraying and lambdacyhalothrin was the most effective insecticide 24hr after spraying.

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A new genus and a new species of Chironomidae from Korea

Han Il REE

Article type: Article
1992 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 19-22
Published: March 15, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.43.19

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A new species which belongs to the tribe Chironomini is identified. Because this species has the unique character states of gonostylus, superior volsella and some other morphological key characters that are not related to those of any known genera of Chironomini, it is designated as the type species of a new genus, Hanochironomus. This monotypic species is named H. tumerestylus and described with illustration.

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A new species of Dexopollenia from Sabah, Malaysia, with a key to the Oriental species (Diptera : Calliphoridae)

Hiromu KURAHASHI

Article type: Article
1992 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 23-27
Published: March 15, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.43.23

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A new calliphorid fly is described from Sabah, Malaysia under the name of Dexopollenia wyatti. It is peculiar in having the entirely fulvo-testaceous body clothed with crinkly golden hairs on thorax. Male hypopygium is illustrated and compared with that of the most related Dexopollenia testacea Townsend. A key to all the known species of the genus Dexopollenia from the Oriental region is given.

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Mite fauna and mite antigen in house dust from houses in Seoul, Korea

Yonghan PAIK, Masatoshi TAKAOKA, Hiroyuki MATSUOKA, Akira ISHII

Article type: Article
1992 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 29-35
Published: March 15, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.43.29

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The mite fauna of 74 house dust samples collected by season from 3 apartment houses and 4 separate houses in Seoul, Korea was examined microscopically. House dust mite antigen content was measured by the use of enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) inhibition method. Of 9,638 collected mites, pyroglyphid mites comprised 70.5% and Dermatophagoides farinae was the dominant species (55.5%). Mite density and mite antigen content were highest in autumn and lowest in winter. These were higher in separate houses than in apartment houses. Positive correlation between mite density and mite antigen content was observed (r=0.45). The relatively low density of house dust mites in dust samples in apartment houses and in Korea was discussed in relation to family density, habitable floor area and use of "Ondol" floor heating system.

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Three new species of Rhiniinae from Thailand (Diptera : Calliphoridae)

Hiromu KURAHASHI, Watanasak TUMRASVIN

Article type: Article
1992 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 37-45
Published: March 15, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.43.37

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Three new species of Thai Rhiniinae are described and illustrated. These are Stomorhina siamensis sp. nov., Borbororhinia laojanae sp. nov. and Sumatria chiekoae sp. nov.

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Observations of biting and resting behavior of Anopheles albimanus in Guatemala

Kazuki OGATA, Takaharu IKEDA, Tokuko UMINO, Rodolfo Zeissig BOCANEGRA

Article type: Article
1992 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 47-57
Published: March 15, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.43.47

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The biting and resting behaviors of Anopheles albimanus were observed in a rural village of southern Guatemala, with the aim of improving the residual spraying method for malaria control. Seasonal changes in the biting density and behavior were studied by fortnightly human bait collection inside and outside houses for 2 and a half years. Biting activity peaked twice a year in June and November. All-night collections revealed that biting usually began just after sunset and was at the maximum during the first 3hr after sunset. The biting rate was almost equal between inside and outside houses in the early stage of the observations, but after residual applications of insecticides the population demonstrated a tendency of exophagy. The majority of mosquitoes which bit inside a house flew out of the house within a few hours and only a few percent of individuals remained there until the next morning. No avoidance of insecticide residues was noted and the greater part of the insects that rested on the residue of propoxur was killed before exiting. A survey of daytime resting places revealed the majority on the undersurface of the roof of a variety of sheds.

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Lethal action of 1-naphthylacetyl spermine on arthropods

Takashi TOKI, Terumi NAKAJIMA

Article type: Article
1992 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 59-62
Published: March 15, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.43.59

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The toxicity of a glutamate blocker, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, was studied on arthropods in the genera : Insecta, Crustacea, Diplopoda and Chilopoda. 1-Naphthylacetyl spermine applied with food, showed the lethal effect on the wood louse, Armadillidium vulgare, the sow bug, Porcellio scaber, the millipede, Oxidus gracilis, and the beetle, Gonocephalum coriaceum. In the cockroach, Blattella germanica, the oral administration with food gave no toxicities, although the intrathoratic injection caused a reversible paralysis. 1-Naphthylacetyl spermine also showed the toxicity against the house centipede, Thereuopoda ferox and larvae of Culex pipiens pallens.

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1992 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages Cover4-
Published: March 15, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.43.Cover4

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (53K)

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