Medical Entomology and Zoology
Online ISSN : 2185-5609
Print ISSN : 0424-7086
ISSN-L : 0424-7086
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Volume 48, Issue 1
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages Cover1-
    Published: March 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.Cover1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages Cover2-
    Published: March 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.Cover2
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages App1-
    Published: March 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.App1
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  • Invasion, spread, and vector potential of Aedes albopictus in the USA and its control possibilities
    Arshad ALI, Jai K. NAYAR
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 1-9
    Published: March 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.1_1
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    Established populations of Aedes albopictus in the USA were first discovered in Texas, in 1985. Currently, Ae. albopictus has spread to at least 25 southeastern, mid-Atlantic and some mid-Western states in the continental USA. The introduction of Ae. albopicitus in the USA seems to have occurred through used tires arriving from northern Asia. The rapid spread of Ae. albopictus in the USA has heightened human health concerns because of the known and potential vector relationships of Ae. albopictus with several arboviruses of public health importance. Thusfar, in the USA, four arboviruses have been isolated from specimens collected in Missouri, Florida, Texas, North Carolina, and Illinois. Among control methods, source reduction and public education and awareness of the biology and ecology of this mosquito are the primary targets. Biological control agents, such as predatory Toxorhynchites mosquitoes, species of copepods, and Bacillus thuringiensis serovar. israelensis (B. t. i.) have been tested and/or used in the field to reduce Ae. albopictus larvae. Use of repellents and other personal protection strategies against bites of Ae. albopictus have been investigated. A laboratory study employing several organophosphates, pyrethroids, microbial pesticides (B. t. i. and Bacillus sphaericus) and insect growth regulators (IGRs), against larvae of a Florida laboratory population of Ae. albopictus indicated the general toxicity ranking : IGRs>pyrethroids>OPs>microbials. In a few laboratory and/or field studies, selected adulticides and larvicides (including time-release formulations) have shown good potential for the control of this mosquito. Mosquito adulticides, such as malathion, permethrin, Scourge^[○!R](synergized resmethrin) and others used in various situations in the mid-Atlantic and southeastern United States, probably reduce populations of Ae. albopictus.
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  • Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) as an indicator to show the absence of Anopheles sundaicus larvae
    Tetsushi KIKUCHI, Masahiro TAKAGI, Eiji TOKUHISA, Takeshi SUZUKI, Will ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 11-18
    Published: March 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.11
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    Water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes, was evaluated as to whether its appearance could be useful as an indicator to show the absence of Anopheles sundaicus larvae in the coastal area of the Asahan Province in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The water hyacinth was distributed along the coast in water bodies in which salinity was less than 0.2%. No An. sundaicus larva was found breeding in waters with hyacinths. In waters without any macrophyte vegetation, the larvae were frequently found in the range of 0.0% to 4.0% salinity. The susceptibility test revealed that the plant could not tolerate 0.32% salinity and began withering, but they were thriving at 0.24% salinity or less after 2 days exposure. It was concluded that the water hyacinth is a suitable plant for the detecting of An. sundaicus larval habitats and/or brackish water bodies in coastal flats.
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  • Different responses to larval crowding between 2 strains of Aedes albopictus (Diptera : Culicidae) from Japan and Thailand
    Yoshio TSUDA, Akemi SUZUKI, Masahiro TAKAGI, Yoshito WADA
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 19-24
    Published: March 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.19
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    Responses of larval populations to crowding were compared between 2 strains of Aedes albopictus from Nagasaki (NG), Japan and Chiangmai (CM), Thailand. Newly hatched larvae were reared with 6 different initial densities from 8 to 256 larvae/vial. The daily survival rate of old larvae and the number of produced pupae/vial differed between the 2 strains in high density-cohorts, while in low density-cohorts both strains showed similar responses to larval crowding. The differences in developmental time from hatch to pupation and in size of pupae were not significant between the strains, although the increased density resulted in delayed development of larvae and smaller pupae in both strains. The analysis of density-dependence of larval mortality showed different sensitivity to larval crowding between the 2 strains; the CM strain was more sensitive than the NG strain. Based on these results, the differences in growth pattern of laboratory populations between the 2 strains were discussed.
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  • Dynamics of permethrin on mosquito nets used in the malaria control program in Honiara, Solomon Islands
    Toshiaki IKESHOJI, Barnard BAKOTEE
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 25-31
    Published: March 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.25_1
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    A total of 11,373 permethrin-treated common and Olyset^[○!R](Sumika Life-Tech Co., Osaka) nets was distributed to 64 villages from October 1993 to February 1996 for the Pilot Malaria Control Program in Honiara. To monitor the efficacy of the nets, the chemical and biological assays were made. The gas chromatographic analysis of 206 nets showed an average surface dose of 258.1mg per m^2 of net, and 46.6 and 37% to retain the entomologically and epidemiologically effective doses of 60 and 100mg/m^2,respectively. Olyset nets lost 76% of the surface dose of permethrin by one washing with soap, but regained 82% by exposing to strong sunlight. The bioassay suggested that under the natural context Anopheles farauti escaped from the entomologically effective net before taking up a lethal dose due to the repellency and irritancy. From the results, it is recommended washing nets without soap, timely retreating common nets with permethrin, and reactivating Olyset nets by exposing to strong sunlight.
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  • Movement of adult German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (Linnaeus) from an occupied harbourage shelter to a vacant new shelter : 2. The influence of food and water location
    Tomoya TAKAHASHI, Hideakira TSUJI, Minako OGIWARA, Masayoshi HATSUKADE
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 33-37
    Published: March 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.33_1
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    The influence of food and water on the movement of adult German cockroaches from an occupied harbourage shelter to a vacant new shelter was studied. A shelter (5×5×0.5cm) occupied and conditioned by cockroaches and a vacant new shelter were placed in one test container (13×22×7cm) and the change in cockroach distribution was observed. When food and water were placed near one of the two shelters and a barrier plate was set between the two, most of the cockroaches chose the shelter closer to the food and water, regardless whether the shelter was of conditioned or new. However, females, especially in the case there was no barrier, tended to remain in the conditioned shelter.
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  • Survey of tick fauna in the Kyushu mainland, Japan
    Masahiro NAKAO, Nobuhiro TAKADA
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 39-44
    Published: March 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.39_1
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    From April 1991 to July 1995,we surveyed by flagging the geological and vertical distributions of adult ticks, and also their seasonal occurrences in the Kyushu mainland, Japan. A total of 3,815 unfed adult ticks which were collected at 14 localities consisted of four genera and 13 species; Amblyomma testudinarium, Dermacentor taiwanensis, Haemaphysalis flava, H. longicornis, H. kitaokai, H. hystricis, H. megaspinosa, H. campanulata, H. formosensis, Ixodes ovatus, I. persulcatus, I. monospinosus and I. nipponensis. Tick fauna in the southern part of Kyushu was abundant in species and numbers; especially the genus Haemaphysalis tick was predominant while in the northern part it was relatively scarce. The genus Ixodes ticks including I. persulcatus, a typical northern species, were found around 800-1,300m above sea level in Kuju and Sobo Mountains. Mt. Kuju apparently is the southern limit for I. persulcatus distribution.
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  • Diamesa amanoi sp. n., a new species of Diamesinae (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Nepal, with notes on taxonomy and distribution of some Diamesa Meigen
    Eugenyi A. MAKARCHENKO, Tadashi KOBAYASHI
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 45-48
    Published: March 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.45_1
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    A new species, Diamesa amanoi sp. n., from Mera La (alt. 5,050m), Nepal is described. The present new species is most closely related to D. subletti Makarchenko from North America. Diamesa plumicornis Tokunaga which had been regarded as Japanese endemic species is newly recorded from South Korea, and D. pankratovae Makarchenko et Bulgakov is recognized as a new synonym of D. filicauda Tokunaga.
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  • Taxonomic notes on the genus Poecilosomella Duda (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) from the Oriental and Australasian Regions, I.P. pectiniterga (Deeming) and its allied new species.
    Toshihiko HAYASHI
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 49-54
    Published: March 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.49_1
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    Poecilosomella pectiniterga (Deeming, 1964) and the allied species are revised. Two new species, Poecilosomella insularis sp. nov. from Biak I., Indonesia and Papua New Guinea and P. pappi sp. nov. from Sri Lanka and Malaysia (Borneo) are described and illustrated. These two species were formerly considered to be P. pectiniterga.
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  • Witnessing hundreds of Calliphora nigribarbis in migratory flight and landing in Nagasaki, Western Japan
    Hiromu KURAHASHI, Osamu SUENAGA
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 55-58
    Published: March 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.55_1
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    In the autumn of 1995,we had an opportunity to witness and evaluate the importance of the mass, probably transoceanic, migratory flight and landing of Calliphora nigribarbis Vollenhoven in the campus of Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Kyushu, western Japan. On October 25 (14 : 30 to 17 : 30,fine) and 26 (10 : 30 to 17 : 40,fine), they were seen flying in large numbers from the northwest to southeast across the top of the laboratory building (about 10m in height). They flew continuously in the direction of the wind and we caught some of them at the top of the building. They flew vigorously, with many flying well beyond the reach of our insect nets and without changing course. Some flies reaching the building in the evening landed on the concrete wall of the building. The migratory flights were simultaneously observed in Fukuoka where the flies were seen flying from the north across Tsushima-Kaikyo Strait. Fukuoka and Nagasaki are situated about 250 to 300km southeast of the Korean Penninsula. It could be inferred that these flies migrate across from the Asian continent to the main island Kyushu. C. nigribarbis has been considered to migrate altitudinally in the mainland Japan. However, the number of flies found in autumn (November) in Kyushu appears to be also increased by the transoceanic migration.
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  • Impact of alphacypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin on immature survivorship of the dengue vector Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera : Culicidae) in a cemetery
    Sallehudin SULAIMAN, Zainol PAWANCHEE, ZULKIFLI ARIFIN, Ahmad WAHAB, J ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 59-64
    Published: March 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.59_1
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    The impact of the pyrethroids alphacypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin on the survivorship curve of the immature stages of Aedes albopictus was studied in a cemetery. The immature stage-specific age distribution was estimated. Alphacypermethrin had a greater residual efficacy than lambda-cyhalothrin in causing daily instar mortalities of Aedes albopictus larval stages in the field.
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  • Comparison of the total effective temperatures of five tick species (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae)
    Kazuyoshi FUJIMOTO
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 65-67
    Published: March 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.65_1
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    The total effective temperature that was required for development was compared among five tick species : Haemaphysalis longicornis, H. flava, Ixodes ovatus, I. persulcatus, and I. nipponensis. The total effective temperature was the largest in I. ovatus and was the smallest in H. longicornis. In general, the total effective temperature was smaller in the two Haemaphysalis species than in the three Ixodes species. This suggests that the time for the completion of the life cycle is longer in the Ixodes species than in the Haemaphysalis species. Judging from the quantity of the total effective temperature, developmental velocity, and the existence of diapause, the life cycle of the three Ixodes species seems to be completed in more than a year, but that of two Haemaphysalis species in less than a year.
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  • A human case of simultaneous tick bites by Ixodes acutitarsus and Ixodes monospinosus in Kyushu, Japan
    Susumu YAMAMOTO, Mitsuhiko FUKUZAKI, Toshio MATSUSHITA
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 69-71
    Published: March 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.69
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    A human case of simultaneous ticks bites by an adult female of Ixodes acutitarsus and two adult females of I. monospinosus was reported as the second case by the former species and the first case by the latter species in the Kyushu District, Japan. On June 3,1996,I. acutitarsus was found on the central part of the chest, and I. monospinosus on the right side of the chest and the upper part of the left thigh of a 59-year-old man who had taken a trip to the mountainous areas of Katamuki-Sobo National Park bordering Oita and Miyazaki Prefectures on June 1 and 2,1996.
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  • The northward expansion of Aedes albopictus distribution in Japan
    Takeshi KURIHARA, Mutsuo KOBAYASHI, Tsutomu KOSONE
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 73-77
    Published: March 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.73
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    [in Japanese]
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  • Additional records of the ixodid ticks (Acarina : Ixodidae) collected in Tokunoshima Island
    Hiromi FUJITA, Yoshimasa TSUBOI
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 79-81
    Published: March 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.79
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    Five species of the ixodid ticks, Amblyomma testudinarium Koch, Dermacentor taiwanensis Sugimoto, Haemaphysalis formosensis Neumann, Haemaphysalis sp. T and Ixodes turdus Nakatsuji, were collected on vegetation or a wild boar in Tokunoshima Island of Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, in December 1995. Of these, Ixodes turdus is a new record in the fauna of Tokunoshima Island.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages Cover4-
    Published: March 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.Cover4
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