Medical Entomology and Zoology
Online ISSN : 2185-5609
Print ISSN : 0424-7086
ISSN-L : 0424-7086
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Volume 48, Issue 3
Displaying 1-20 of 20 articles from this issue
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages Cover9-
    Published: September 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.Cover9
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages Cover10-
    Published: September 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.Cover10
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages App5-
    Published: September 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.App5
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  • Detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi DNA in individual trombiculids using polymerase chain reaction in Korea
    Han Il REE, Woo Hyun CHANG, Sunho KEE, In Yong LEE, Soung Hoo JEON
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 197-209
    Published: September 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.197
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In October 1995,field rodents and insectivores were captured at 5 localities in Chollanam-do and 3 localities in Choongchongnam-do, and a total of 81 field mice and shrews, including 64 Apodemus agrarius mice, were collected. The antibody positive rate of A. agrarius sera to Orientia tsutsugamushi was 52.4% in average. A total of 6,372 chigger mites were collected from the mice, and 10 species of 4 genera were identified. Leptotrombidium pallidum was predominant in Choong-chongnam-do, whereas L. scutellare was predominant in Chollanam-do. The chigger mites were individually dissected and internal contents were examined for O. tsutsugamushi infection applying IFA and PCR methods. Of 4,315 chigger mites screened by IFA, 115 positive and suspected cases were confirmed by consensus PCR. O. tsutsugamushi was found in 65 chiggers of 5 species, showing 1.51% infection rate in total. The infection rate of each 5 species was 1.64% in L. pallidum, 1.37% in L. scutellare, 1.77% in L. palpale, 1.60% in L. orientale and 1.41% in L. zetum. The detection of O. tsutsugamushi in L. orientale and L. zetum is the first finding in the world. The serotype of O. tsutsugamushi were also studied by analyzing the nucleotide sequences of the strain-specific region of 56 kDa protein, and all of the eight cases were of the F756-like type. This new sero-type was found from 4 species of Leptotrombidium, L. pallidum, L. scutellare, L. palpale and L. orientale.
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  • Depletion of salivary gland proteins in Anopheles stephensi (Diptera : Culicidae) on blood feeding, and induction of antibodies to the proteins in mice being fed
    Hiroyuki MATSUOKA, Hisashi MATSUBARA, Philomene WAIDHET, Tomoyuki HASH ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 211-218
    Published: September 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.211
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    Mosquitoes discharge their own saliva into host animals on blood feedings. We compared morphologically and electrophoretically the salivary glands of three species of mosquito, Anopheles stephensi, Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens pallens, before and after blood feeding. Many proteins were discharged from the salivary gland of An. stephensi by a blood feeding. The volume of the lateral lobes of the salivary gland decreased drastically after the blood feeding, but the middle lobe did not change. Several proteins, whose molecular size were 33,35,40,45 and 70kDa, depleted after the blood feeding, when compared on electrophoresis. The amounts of these proteins recovered by day 3 after the blood feeding. Protein contents in the salivary glands of An. stephensi did not change by fructose feeding. On the contrary, there was no change either in the shape or protein content of the salivary gland in Ae. albopictus or Cx. p. pallens after the blood feeding. An antibody to a molecule of the saliva, 130kDa in size, was induced in BALB/c, C3H and C57BL/6 mice, after repeated bites by An. stephensi, and other antibody to 66kDa band was induced in each strain of mice after repeated bites of Cx. p. pallens. In the case of Ae. albopictus, no antibody was detected by immunoblotting. However, an antibody was detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There was faint cross-reaction among the mouse sera and salivary gland proteins of the three mosquito species by ELISA. A similar tendency was observed in three strains of mice, whose major histocompatibility (H-2) were different from each other.
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  • Benthic macroinvertebrates and selected physico-chemical parameters in two tributaries of the Wekiva River, Central Florida, USA
    Richard J. LOBINSKE, Arshad ALI, I. Jack STOUT
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 219-231
    Published: September 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.219
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    Benthic macroinvertebrate densities and selected physico-chemical parameters of two tributaries of the Wekiva River, central Florida, USA, were investigated monthly for two years. Thirty major taxa were enumerated, and 54 organisms identified to genus and/or species. Mean macroinvertebrate density in Blackwater Creek was 843 organisms/m^2 and 1,272 organisms/m^2 in Rock Springs Run. Family Chironomidae (Diptera) numerically dominated the benthos of the streams, comprising 40.9% (Blackwater Creek) and 34.8% (Rock Springs Run) of the total macroinvertebrates collected. This was followed by total Ephemeroptera (14.5%), total Annelida (11.7%), Amphipoda (7.0%) and total Mollusca (5.8%) in Blackwater Creek; total Mollusca (26.9%), total Annelida (12.5%), total Ephemeroptera (7.5%) and Amphipoda (7.2%) in Rock Springs Run. Blackwater Creek supported significantly (P<0.05) more Isopoda, Hydropsychidae and total Trichoptera than Rock Springs Run, while the latter supported significantly more total invertebrates, total Annelida, Oligochaeta, total Mollusca, Gastropoda, and Pelecypoda. Significant correlations found for both streams between invertebrate densities and water parameters were : Oligochaeta with current velocity (P<0.0001,γ=0.68,n=45) and Nematoda with dissolved oxygen (P=0.0006,γ=0.48,n=48). Mean Hilsenhoff water quality biotic index values were 6.17 for Blackwater Creek and 5.96 for Rock Springs Run, indicating good-fair water quality in these systems.
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  • Ecotoxicological effects of abamectin (MK-936) on natural populations of selected invertebrates in man-made ponds
    Arshad ALI, Rui De XUE, Shawn K. ALAM
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 233-241
    Published: September 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.233
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    Effects of abamectin on invertebrate populations in man-made ponds in central Florida were studied. A 0.15 EC formulation of abamectin (AVID^[○!R] was applied at rates of 5.7,11.3,22.7,45.4,and 90.7g AI/ha. Each rate was applied to 3 ponds and 3 untreated ponds were maintained as controls. Pretreatment and periodic posttreatment quantitative samples of zooplankton, and benthic and free-swimming invertebrates in each pond were collected. In the laboratory, all samples were examined, invertebrates identified and counted. The pre-, and posttreatment population data for each invertebrate group were statistically analyzed to determine any significant (P=0.05) reductions due to treatments. Immature insects (Baetis sp., Coleoptera larvae and nymphal Hemiptera) were adversely affected but recovered at 14 days posttreatment in all treated ponds; adult Coleoptera and Hemiptera were not affected. Gastropoda were slightly affected at 2 days posttreatment only at 90.7g AI/ha of abamectin. Chironomid larvae were significantly reduced at all treatment rates for up to 14 days posttreatment. Cladocera (>95% Moina spp.) were reduced to varying degrees at all treatment rates, recovering between 14-53 days posttreatment, depending upon the rate of treatment. Nauplius and adult Copepoda (90% Cyclops spp.) were reduced >99% within 2-7 days posttreatment at 22.7,45.4,and 90.7g AI/ha. They completely recovered between 14-53 days posttreatment in all treated ponds. Ostracods were probably affected adversely by the highest 3 rates of abamectin. Rotifera were not affected in any treated pond. Abamectin caused temporary population reductions of a wide variety of aquatic invertebrates.
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  • Reduction of mites in bedding in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan
    Fumiko TAKEDA, Takako TOMA, Ichiro MIYAGI, Machiko KISHIMOTO, Miyoko U ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 243-249
    Published: September 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.243
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    The subtropical climate of Okinawa Prefecture with high temperature and high humidity enables mites to breed easily on house dust. The question arises as to whether it is possible to reduce the density of mites in bedding such as the Japanese mattress "shiki-futon" by domestic cleaning. Toward this, vacuum cleaning on "shiki-futon" was carried out every week. To determine the number of mites, dust from 13 of "shiki-futon" was collected every month for a year. At the end of the one-year study, the number of mites was decreased to below half in nine of the 13 "shiki-futon" studied. When the mite density was high at the beginning, the number of mites decreased significantly. However, if the number of mites was reduced to below 100 mites per square meter of "shiki-futon", the significant effect of vacuum cleaning was not clearly demonstrated, especially when the population of mites was higher on the bedroom floor and/or in another bedding in contact with the "shiki-futon". The average number of mites in "shiki-futon" was reduced gradually, but it was increased during the rainy season (from April to June) in spite of domestic cleaning.
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  • Probable relation of increase in big buildings and road coverage to the rise and decline of Rattus rattus in Sapporo, Japan
    Tatsuo YABE
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 251-255
    Published: September 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.251
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    Major cities such as Sapporo, Sendai, Shinjuku, Yokohama, and Nagoya, Japan, have experienced Rattus rattus infestations since the 1970s. The problem has disappeared in the 1980s in Sapporo where the R. rattus populations have decreased. The causes of the rise and decline were analyzed with aerial photographs of commercial districts in the five cities. In each city, the total basal area of buildings>10m high increased from 5-10% in the mid-1960s to>15% in the 1970s. In 1988-1990,the mean road coverage per hectare for Sapporo was 0.424±0.133ha, which was significantly larger at the 5% level than 0.334±0.156ha, 0.374±0.195ha, 0.351±0.136ha, and 0.374±0.169ha for Sendai, Shinjuku, Yokohama, and Nagoya, respectively. The coefficient of variation of 31.4% for Sapporo was apparently smaller than that for the other cities. Road coverage in Sapporo is generally large, but those in the other cities vary in size which explains Sapporo's low value. The rapid increase of big buildings in the 1970s may have expanded the infestations in most cities. In Sapporo, however, the large road coverage may have fragmented habitats of the rats and it is possible that rat populations declined as a result.
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  • Elimination of Wolbachia pipientis from Aedes albopictus
    Yasushi OTSUKA, Hiroyuki TAKAOKA
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 257-260
    Published: September 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.257
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    First-instar larvae of Aedes albopictus naturally infected with a rickettsial endosymbiont (Wolbachia pipientis) were treated with tetracycline. The treatment successfully removed Wolbachia and resulted in establishment of a Wolbachia-free strain. Testing for the expression of cytoplasmic incompatibility in the cured and infected strains showed complete incompatibility only in crosses between the infected males and the cured females, which are typical crosses that express cytoplasmic incompatibility in other species.
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  • A case of infestation with a nymphal tick, Ixodes persulcatus, in Hokkaido, Japan
    Kenji MIYAMOTO, Yoshio HASHIMOTO, Masaki HIROKAWA
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 261-263
    Published: September 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.261
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    Although infestations with the female of Tiga ticks, Ixodes persulcatus Schulze, for humans is frequently observed from spring to early summer seasons, records of parasitism by the male and nymph of this species are few in Japan. In October 1996,one case of infestation with the nymph of I. persulcatus tick was detected in the southern part of Hokkaido. This is the first case caused by the nymphal stage in Hokkaido, but the fifth case in Japan.
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  • Two cases of dermatitis caused by the northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylvarium, in Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
    Kenji MIYAMOTO, Tamaki SAKAINO
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 265-267
    Published: September 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.265
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    Two cases of dermatitis caused by the northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylvarium, carried by pied wagtail, Motacilla alba, are presented.
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  • Seventeen human cases infested with ixodid ticks in Kyushu, Japan since 1992
    Yutaka YONEDA, Seiji GOUHARA, Yoshinobu MITARAI, Toshihide FUKUMA
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 269-274
    Published: September 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.269
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    Seventeen cases of human tick bite found in Kyushu, Japan since 1992 were reported. Causative tick species were Ixodes ovatus (1 case), Haemaphysalis flava (5 cases), H. longicornis (8 cases) and Amblyomma testudinarium (3 cases). The case infested with I. ovatus was the first reliable report from Kyushu. One out of 8 cases caused by H. longicornis occurred on an inpatient because he wore pajamas which might have been contaminated with ticks in his housing site. Although one case infested with H. flava showed Lyme disease-like symptoms (erythema migrans, lymphocytoma and flu-like symptoms), Lyme disease was ruled out because of the negative results of Borrelia antibody assyed by two tests (ELISA and Western blotting).
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  • Disappearance of Ixodes ovatus adults (Acari : Ixodidae) in autumn clarified by analysis of field and experimental studies
    Kazuyoshi FUJIMOTO
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 275-278
    Published: September 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.275
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    Field and experimental studies were performed in order to clarify whether the I. ovatus adults observed in forest floor vegetation from spring through summer survived until the following spring. The mark-recapture method was used in the field study in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. A total of 775 I. ovatus adults were marked and released from April to August, 1996; however, not all of them were recaptured in the same survey area the following spring. The host-seeking activity of the unfed adults was observed in plastic cylinders that had been placed outdoors. The unfed adults collected in April, 1993,showed high host-seeking activity until June, but the activity was barely observed in August. The death of all of the unfed adults in a plastic cylinder was observed in September. The unfed adults collected in June, 1996 also showed a similar activity pattern to those collected in April, 1993. The activity in question was barely found beginning in mid-August, 1996. The death of all of the unfed adults in the plastic cylinders was observed in November. These results suggest that most of the I. ovatus adults observed in forest floor vegetation from spring through summer in Saitama Prefecture died in autumn except for those that were parasitic on hosts.
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  • Roger W. Crosskey, Theresa M. Howard, A New Taxonomic and Geographical Inventory of World Blackflies (Diptera : Simuliidae), 29.5cm×21cm, paperback, 144pp., 1997,ISBN 0 565 09021
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 279-280
    Published: September 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.279_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 280-
    Published: September 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.280
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 281-283
    Published: September 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.281
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages App6-
    Published: September 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.App6
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages Cover11-
    Published: September 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.Cover11
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1997 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages Cover12-
    Published: September 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.48.Cover12
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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