Medical Entomology and Zoology
Online ISSN : 2185-5609
Print ISSN : 0424-7086
ISSN-L : 0424-7086
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Volume 50, Issue 1
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1999 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages Cover1-
    Published: March 15, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.Cover1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1999 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages Cover2-
    Published: March 15, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.Cover2
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1999 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages App1-
    Published: March 15, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.App1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Review on zoonotic Onchocerca species and their insect vectors in Japan
    Hiroyuki TAKAOKA
    Article type: Article
    1999 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 1-8
    Published: March 15, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.1_1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Information on zoonotic Onchocerca species and their insect vectors in Japan is reviewed. At least six Onchocerca species are known in four kinds of ungulates : O. cervicalis in horse (Equus caballus); O. gibsoni, O. gutturosa, O. lienalis and O. sp. (probably same as O. suzukii) in cattle (Bos taurus); O. skrjabini and O. suzukii in Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus); and O. sp. (probably same as, or near to, O. skrjabini) in Japanese deer (Cervus nippon). Five blackfly species serve as natural vectors of three bovine Onchocerca species : Simulium bidentatum for O. gutturosa; S. arakawae, S. daisense and S. kyushuense for O. lienalis; and S. aokii, S. arakawae, S. bidentatum and S. daisense for O. sp. Little is known on the transmission of the other Onchocerca species. Two human cases of zoonotic onchocerciasis found in Japan are also reviewed. O. gutturosa is considered the causative species in both cases, with the possibility of O. sp. (parasite of deer) being involved in the second case.
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  • The geographical distribution of vectors of Chagas' disease and populations at risk of infection in Guatemala
    Yuichiro TABARU, Carlota MONROY, Antonieta RODAS, Mildred MEJIA, Regin ...
    Article type: Article
    1999 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 9-17
    Published: March 15, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.9_1
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    The fauna and the geographical distribution of vectors of Chagas' disease were investigated based on the man-hour collection, from mud walls or palm-thatched houses in 236 villages, from the year 1995 through 1997,throughout Guatemala. A total of 1,131 vectors comprising 731 (64.6%) of Triatoma dimidiata, 53 (4.7%) of T. nitida and 347 (30.7%) of Rhodnius prolixus were found. T. dimidiata was collected in 16 out of 22 departments, whereas R. prolixus was collected in five departments, and T. nitida was collected only in three departments. The total number of R. prolixus was not small. 85% of the bugs was collected from 800m to 1,400m above sea level in the present study areas. We collected more bugs in the east and the southeast departments of the country, such as in the borders with Honduras and El Salvador. The rate of positive houses with bugs is the highest in Jutiapa, followed by Alta Verapaz, Chiquimula, Santa Rosa, and Quiche. The bug density in the investigated houses is the highest in Chiquimula, while the geographical dispersion of bugs is the widest in Jutiapa. The natural infection of bugs with Trypanosoma cruzi is the highest in Zacapa. Based on the above-mentioned positive rate of bugs and from the data of the 1994 National Census in Guatemala, we concluded that the departments with high risk to Chagas' disease are Jutiapa, Alta Verapaz, Chiquimula, Quiche and Santa Rosa, followed by Zacapa, Jalapa, Baja Verapaz, El Progreso and Escuintla. We have estimated that approximately 330,000 people live in the areas at high risk to the infection of Chagas' disease in Guatemala.
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  • Chagas' disease vector surveillance in various residences in Santa Maria Ixhuatan, Departament of Santa Rosa, Guatemala
    Yuichiro TABARU, Carlota MONROY, Antonieta RODAS, Mildred MEJIA
    Article type: Article
    1999 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 19-25
    Published: March 15, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.19
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    Entomological surveillance of Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille), the principal vector of Chagas' disease in Guatemala was performed in 186 rural houses in Santa Maria Ixhuatan, Department of Santa Rosa, Guatemala from 1995 through 1996. 73.1% of bajareque houses (plastered walls with mud and grass fiber on bamboo grills) keeps the vector, followed by adobe (sun-dried mud bricks) with 39.1%, stones (34.6%), and block (8.6%), in total 41.9% of the houses in this village keeps vectors. House composition selected in random sampling for this study are bajareque (32.8%), block (30.3%), stone (13.5%), adobe (13.9%) and others (9.5%). When bajareque walls are plastered with lime or stucco, the vector infestation is dramatically reduced. This suggests that non-plastered bajareque house is the most favored house to the vectors in this locality. The number of vector's excrements on the walls reflects the number of bugs, as well as the number of domestic animals in a house. The vectors prefer dark corners close to beds. The natural infestion ratio of Trypanosoma cruzi was 29.3% in total, but negative for the first-stage nymph.
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  • The genus Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) of Japan
    Mitsuhiro IWASA
    Article type: Article
    1999 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 27-32
    Published: March 15, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.27_1
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    The Japanese species of the genus Milichiella Giglio-Tos of the Milichiidae are reviewed. Two species, Milichiella argylogaster (Perris) and M. spinithera Hendel, are newly recorded from Japan; their male genitalia are newly illustrated. Short redescriptions of the Japanese species and an identification key are presented.
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  • Effect of a trehalase inhibitor, validoxylamine A, on the oocyte development and ootheca formation in Blattella germanica and Periplaneta fuliginosa
    Yoshiaki KONO, Masakazu TAKAHASHI, Kazuhiro MATSUSHITA, Masami NISHINA ...
    Article type: Article
    1999 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 33-39
    Published: March 15, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.33_1
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    Effect of a potent trehalase inhibitor, validoxylamine A (VAA), on the oocyte development and ootheca formation was observed in two species of cockroaches, Blattella germanica, and Periplaneta fuliginosa. By injection with VAA to female adults of B. germanica, lethal activity was observed and the oocyte development delayed, but the ootheca was formed with hatchable oocytes in most of the surviving females. In P. fuliginosa, VAA injection suppressed oocyte development and normal ootheca formation. Oothecae deposited by VAA-injected females were dented and no nymph hatched from the oothecae as in P. americana reported previously. These effects on the reproduction seem to be caused by the inhibitory action of VAA to the trehalase, because the trehalase activity in the ovary and accessary gland was actually inhibited by the administration of VAA in both species. The inhibition of trehalase was lower in the ovary of B. germanica than in that of P. fuliginosa whose ootheca formation was affected more strongly by the administration of VAA.
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  • Changes in salivary gland proteins during blood feeding in Rhodnius prolixus, and dynamics of antibodies specific to salivary antigens in rabbits bitten by the bugs
    Jianxin SUN, Philomene WAIDET KAUADIO, Katsuhiko ANDO, Yasuo CHINZEI
    Article type: Article
    1999 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 41-50
    Published: March 15, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.41_1
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    Changes in salivary gland proteins during feeding in the blood sucking insect, Rhodnius prolixus, and antibodies against the salivary gland components induced in host rabbits bitten repeatedly by the bugs were investigated. Proteins secreted into host animals during feeding were 43% of total salivary gland proteins in 5th-instar nymphs (128 to 73μg/pair of glands), and 33% in adults (206 to 139μg/pair of glands). Some salivary gland components, 23.5,28.3,34 and 39kDa proteins were greatly reduced to 21,13,22 and 17% of original contents in 5th-instar nymphs, and 62,37,67 and 45% in adults, respectively. Total and antigen-specific antibodies induced in rabbits bitten repeatedly by nymph and adult bugs were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western-blotting. The titers of total antibodies increased with repeated bites, being higher in the second and third bites than the primary. Most of protein components in the salivary glands were immunogenic, but some components, particularly 39kDa protein showed strong antigenicities in the host animals. Some components, for example 28.3kDa protein, however, did not show any antigenicity and some functionally important proteins (RpSG-I, II and III) showed relatively low antigenicities, even those proteins are injected much amount during feeding. It is concluded that the antibody induction is not depending only on the amount of antigen injected during feeding, but on the properties of individual components.
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  • The effects of adult male of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, whose testis or vesiculae seminales have been resected on the oviposition of its partner
    Xingfu XIAN
    Article type: Article
    1999 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 51-56
    Published: March 15, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.51_1
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    The testis and the vesiculae seminales (VS) of males of P. americana were resected within three days after emergence, and the males were mated with females. The lifespan of the testis or VS resected males was close to the normal on the average. The females mating with the males whose testis was resected produced an average of 41 oothecae per female and about 90% was the normally formed ootheca, similar to the female mating with the normal male. The females mating with the males whose VS was resected produced an average of 11 oothecae per female and the ratio of malformed ootheca was over 80% like the unmated female. The ratio of hatching of oothecae produced by the females mating with the testis or VS-resected males was only 3.4% and 2.7%, and the progeny was only female. The results suggest that the male whose testis was resected still retained the ability to copulate and ejaculate without spermotozoon in the semen, and the VS-resected male lost its ability to copulate or ejaculate. It also suggests that ovum development and ovulation are promoted by stimulation of sexual intercouse or secretion of VS entering the female reproductive organ during copulation.
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  • The host-feeding activity of Haemaphysalis flava females observed under experimental conditions
    Kazuyoshi FUJIMOTO
    Article type: Article
    1999 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 57-59
    Published: March 15, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.57_1
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    The host-feeding activity of Haemaphysalis flava females that were reared at a long-day photoperiod (16L-8D) from the nymphal stage was observed on the ears of domestic rabbits. The host-feeding activity (host attachment and engorgement) of the females was suppressed even when they attached to hosts five months after they had molted (September or October, 1998). This may suggest that the females exposed to a long-day photoperiod enter behavioural diapause immediately after they have molted and postpone host-feeding activity for a long period of time. This suppression of host-feeding activity may affect the time required to complete the life cycle of H. flava and explain at least in part why larval activity is limited during the period summer to autumn.
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  • Susceptibility of Chinese strains of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti to chikungunya virus
    Hiroshi YAMANISHI
    Article type: Article
    1999 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 61-64
    Published: March 15, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.61_1
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    Infection rates and mean titers of the infected mosquitoes were compared in the strains of Aedes albopictus from Shanghai and Changdu, and Ae. aegypti from Dianbai and Haikaou on the 14th day after feeding on a blood-virus mixture. The infection rate of the Shanghai strain of Ae. albopictus was 86.7%; it showed the highest rate among 4 strains. The infection rate of the Changdu strain was 50%. On the other hand the infection rates of the Dianbai and the Haikaou strains of Ae. aegypti were 18.8% and 9.1%, respectively. The mean virus titer of infected individuals of the Shanghai strain was (10)^<4.2> PFU and that of the Changdu strain was (10)^<3.3> PFU. The mean virus titer of the Dianbai strain showed (10)^<3.9> PFU. Though the infection rates of the two strains of Ae. aegypti were lower than the rates of the two stains of Ae. albopicus, virus titers of infected individuals were high comparatively. These data indicated the Shanghai strain of Ae. albopictus had the ability to transmit the chikungunya virus.
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  • Differences in occurrence in relation to the eutrophication level among chironomid species of the genus, Tanytarsus, in littorals of lakes
    Koichiro KAWAI, Eiso INOUE, Hiromichi IMABAYASHI
    Article type: Article
    1999 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 65-70
    Published: March 15, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.65_1
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    Occurrences in relation to the eutrophication level were investigated of chironomid species of the genus Tanytarsus by the method of identifying male adults emerging from the materials attaching to concrete plates submerged on the bottom at littorals of some lakes at different eutrophication levels in Japan. As a result, the occurrence patterns of nine species were clarified. Among these, T. tamagotoi occurred in the largest number in waters at a low eutrophication level whereas T. takahashii occurred in the largest number at a middle eutrophication level, although they occurred at all levels. On the other hand, T. unagiseptimus and T. oyamai occurred in the largest numbers at a high level. These results suggest that species compositions of this genus in littoral communities can be applied to biological judgement of the eutrophication levels of lakes.
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  • The tolerance of Latrodectus hasseltii (Araneae : Theridiidae) to low temperatures
    Ines Tomoco MATSUSE, Kiyoshi KAMIMURA, Masahiro YOSHIDA
    Article type: Article
    1999 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 71-73
    Published: March 15, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.71_1
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    The redback spider (Latrodectus hasseltii) collected in Osaka Prefecture tolerated well sub-zero temperatures. Life and death of spiderlings and adults were observed in temperatures varied from 4 to -10.5℃. Among them, the male adults showed the best tolerance, with 50% survival during 30min. at around -10℃, followed by the second-instar spiderlings 30% of which were able to survive 25min. at the same temperature. This indicates the possibility of further expansion and habitation of the redback spider in colder climates in Japan.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1999 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 75-
    Published: March 15, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.75_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1999 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 76-77
    Published: March 15, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.76_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1999 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages App2-
    Published: March 15, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.App2
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1999 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages Cover3-
    Published: March 15, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.Cover3
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1999 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages Cover4-
    Published: March 15, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.Cover4
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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