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Article type: Cover
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
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Takeshi KURIHARA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
1-28
Published: July 15, 2002
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The present paper will describe guidelines for a malaria vector survey by public health personnel engaged in entomological work. The history of the past 100 years of taxonomic studies on Anophelini mosquitoes in Palearctic Japan is reviewed. Among the mosquitoes recorded in the area, Anopheles sinensis was considered the main vector. However no survey designed to systematically assess the presence and abundance of malaria vectors has been carried out since malaria transmission was interrupted in the Islands. There is uncertainty about many aspects of a suspected vector Anopheles lesteri, particularly its distribution. It is recommended that an occasional survey should be carried out in this region considering the possible reintroduction of malaria to the Islands.
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Takako TOMA, Ichiro MIYAGI, Wabyahe L. M. MALENGANISHO, Hidechika MURA ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
29-42
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A survey was carried out during 1998-1999 to determine the distribution and seasonal abundance of An. minimus Theobald in Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Larvae and pupae of An. minimus were collected in 33 of 48 streams in 1998, and 38 of 56 streams in 1999. Immatures of An. minimus were found in almost all the surveyed streams except those in urban areas, fast flowing streams and polluted streams. The abundance of immatures in Fanan and Nishihama Streams, where a lot of the immatures was collected, showed seasonal variation which was positively correlated with water temperature and rainfall. Few immatures were collected during winter season (December to February). As the temperature started to rise in March, the population increased and the density became high from May to August, and October to November, 1999. In Arakawa Stream near urban area, unlike Fanan and Nishihama Streams, the population of An. minimus immatures became biggest from March to April. By light trap method, more than 30 An. minimus adults per night were collected from March to November except May, and the highest number was 228 in July and 321 per night in November, 1999, near Nishihama Stream.
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Kiyoshi KAMIMURA, Masahiro HORIO, Masatoshi NAKAMURA, Rikuo DOI, Ikuo ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
43-46
Published: July 15, 2002
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Mosquito collections were performed 10 times in and around Karachi, Pakistan using a bed net and dry ice from 1985 to 1994. A total of 208, 395 (1, 017 pools) female Culex tritaeniorhynchus were collected and processed for virus isolation. Japanese encephalitis virus could not be detected in these mosquitoes. However, four strains of West Nile virus were detected in Cx. tritaeniorhynchus collected in 1986. It was concluded that the Japanese encephalitis virus does not usually come from Southeast Asia and is uncommon in the Karachi area.
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Tomoco MATSUSE, Norio NAKAMURA, Purusotam BASNET, Masao HATTORI, Kiyos ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
47-54
Published: July 15, 2002
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A tree-hole mosquito species, Ochlerotatus (Finlaya) koreicoides has been reared in laboratory by stimulating their hatch using dried yeast powder. This method shows to be more effective than lowering the dissolved oxygen concentration by mechanical, chemical or biological means. From a hatch test guided fractionation of the water extract of dried yeast, glutamic acid was isolated as the main compound of the hatch stimulating fraction. This amino acid alone did not show hatch stimulating effect but it was effective in combination with the phosphates that are also constituents of dried yeast. Among 20 amino acids, only histidine and proline showed similar effects as glutamic acid. A concentration of 0.1mg/ml of each glutamic acid and trisodium phosphate gave high percentage hatch in 18 h.
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Hiroyuki TAKAOKA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
55-80
Published: July 15, 2002
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This paper reviews taxonomical and ecological aspects of the black flies (Diptera : Simuliidae) of the Nansei Islands in Japan : All the 18 taxa so far reported are assigned in the genus Simulium Latreille s. l., and are further placed into five subgenera, i.e., Eusimulium Roubaud (1 sp.), Nevermannia Enderlein (4 spp. and 1 subsp.), Wallacellum Takaoka (1 sp.), Gomphostilbia Enderlein (3 spp.) and Simulium Latreille s. str. (8 spp.); a brief description is given for each subgenus and included species, and keys to the species for females, males, pupae and larvae are provided, together with figures of pupal gills, cocoons and larval head-capsules; data on geographical distribution are updated for each species; the possible role as a vector of zoonotic onchocerciasis is briefly discussed for some mammalophilic black-fly species; and larval preference of each species for aquatic habitats is roughly classified by the types of breeding streams. In addition, a detailed account is given on techniques for collection, preservation, slide preparation, and microscopic observation, of larval, pupal and adult stages of black flies.
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Katsumi SAITO, Akihiro KANAYAMA, Hideki SATO
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
81-88
Published: July 15, 2002
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The fauna and distribution of blackflies in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, were studied based on the collections of larvae and pupae from streams at 72 sites in spring of 1984. A total of 8, 124 blackflies, [7, 000 larvae (86.2% in total number) and 1, 124 pupae (13.8%)], were collected at 72 sites. All these blackflies were classified into 15 species of two genera : Prosimulium Roubaud and Simulium Latreille. Eight species, Simulium (Nevermannia) aureohirtum, S. (N.) mie, S. (N.) subcostatum, S. (Simulium) japonicum, S. (S.) nikkoense, S. (S.) quinquestriatum, S. (S.) rufibasis and S. (S.) suzukii were newly recorded from Yamaguchi Prefecture. Further two species were undescribed and/or unidentified species, e.g. Eusimulium sp. 2 and S. sp. H. The most abundant species was S. (N.) uchidai (29.5% in total number), followed by S. (S.) arakawae (26.0%), S. (N.) subcostatum (15.6%), S. (S.) japonicum (13.2%) and S. (Gnus) bidentatum (4.6%). The most widely distributed species was S. (N.) uchidai (64 sites), followed by S. (N.) subcostatum (62 sites), S. (S.) japonicum (43 sites), S. (S.) arakawae (37 sites), S. (S.) nikkoense (24 sites), S. (N.) mie (23 sites), S. (Gn.) bidentatum (22 sites) and S. (S.) suzukii (18 sites).
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Akihiro KANAYAMA, Katsumi SAITO
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
89-97
Published: July 15, 2002
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The fauna and distribution of blackflies in Mie Prefecture, Japan, were investigated based on the collections of larvae and pupae from streams and an adult flying around the collectors at 62 localities in autumn of 1988. A total of 9, 267 blackflies, 7, 768 larvae (83.8% in total number), 1, 498 pupae (16.2%) and one adult (0.01%), were collected at 55 sites. All these blackflies were classified into sixteen species of the genus Simulium Latreille. Four species, Simulium (Gonphostilbia) ogatai, S. (Go.) shogakii, S. (Go.) sp. and S. (Simulium) quinquestriatum were newly recorded from Mie Prefecture. The most abundant species was S. (S.) japonicum (35.7% in total number), followed by S. (Gnus) bidentatum (33.4%), S. (S.) suzukii (10.1%), S. (S.) quinquestriatum (3.4%), S. (S.) rufibasis (3.1%) and S. (Nevermannia) uchidai (3.0%). The most widely distributed species was S. (Gn.) bidentatum (40 sites), followed by S. (S.) japonicum (36 sites), S. (S.) suzukii (26 sites). S. (N.) uchidai (26 sites). S. (S.) quinquestriatum (22 sites), S. (S.) rufibasis (17 sites) and S. (S.) nikkoense (17 sites).
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Akihiro KANAYAMA, Katsumi SAITO
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
99-107
Published: July 15, 2002
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The fauna and distribution of blackflies in Fukuoka Prefecture were studied based on the collections of larvae and pupae from streams at 51 localities in spring of 1990. A total of 5, 613 blackflies, [5, 047 larvae (89.9% in total number) and 566 pupae (10.1%)], were collected at 37 sites. All these blackflies were classified into seventeen species of the genus Simulium Latreille and Prosimulium Roubaud. Five species, Simulium (Nevermannia) aureohirtum, S. (N.) konoi, S. (N.) mie, S. (Gnus) malyschevi and S. (Simulium) quinquestriatum were newly recorded from Fukuoka Prefecture. The most abundant species was S. (N.) uchidai (29.7% in total number), followed by S. (Gn.) bidentatum (26.6%), S. (S.) japonicum (16.0%), S. (Gn.) nacojapi (9.8%) and S. (Odagmia) aokii (6.1%). The most widely distributed species was S. (N.) uchidai (29 sites), followed by S. (Gn.) bidentatum (18 sites), S. (S.) japonicum (17 sites), S. (S.) rufibasis (14 sites), S. (S.) arakawae (14 sites), S. (O.) aokii (11 sites) and S. (N.) subcostatum (10 sites).
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Kenkichi KANMIYA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
109-120
Published: July 15, 2002
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Flight properties were examined for orthorrhaphous Brachycera flies with automatically recording flight-mills installing a magnetic floating system. Species examined were wild individuals of Tabanidae (Tabanus trigonus Coquillett and Hirosia iyoensis (Shiraki)), Asilidae (Cophinopoda chinensis (Fabricius) and Promachus yesonicus Bigot), and Stratiomydae (Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus)). Properties measured were distance of total flight (DIT), distance of the most sustained flight (DIS), duration of total flight (DUT), duration of the most sustained flight (DUS), speed of total flight (SPT), speed of the most sustained flight (SPS), and speed of the fast 1km flight (SPF). T. trigonus exhibited strong flight capability with mean values of DIT (8.1km), DUT (115.1min.), SPT (1.49m/sec), and maximum values of DIS (11.6km), DUS (125.9min.), SPS (2.9m/sec), and SPF (3.44m/sec). Two asilid species and H. iyoensis showed smaller values in these properties. A stratiomyid species, H. illucens, showed rather larger values, with mean values of DIT (17.5km), DUT (210.2min.), SPT (0.98m/sec), and maximum values of DIS (11.03km), DUS (238.2min.), SPS (1.2m/sec), and SPF (1.83m/sec). The maximum dispersal range at a time was 36.6km for H. illucens and 33.1km for T. trigonus, and less than 3.2km for other species. A tendency of a rapid flight as well as a long distance and propensity was recognized in T. trigonus, and a slow flight as well as a long distance and propensity in H. illucens. These properties of flights seemed to be derived from the flight pattern in their intrinsic behavior for foraging food resources. Their specialized body plans in relation to adult food habits seemed to characterize flight pattern respecting to carnivorous, bloodsuckers, nectar feeders, or scavengers.
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Toshihiko HAYASHI
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
121-127
Published: July 15, 2002
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Poecilosomella affinis sp. nov. is described and illustrated. This species is closely related to the common Oriental and Australasian species, P. punctipennis (Wiedemann, 1824). These 2 species are sympatric and safely distinguished by the postabdominal structures.
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Tsunemaru OKADOME
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
129-131
Published: July 15, 2002
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A Japanese heleomyzid fly, Tephrochlamys japonica Okadome (1967), was discovered in the Hawaii Islands. All specimens examined were collected from the Haleakala Crater zone (alt. 1, 830-1, 950m) in Maui Island, Hawaii, U.S.A.
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Mitsuhiro IWASA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
133-139
Published: July 15, 2002
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The egg, larvae and puparium of a dryomyzid fly, Steyskalomyza hasegawai Kurahashi, 1982, were described and illustrated from Japan. Their significant characteristics were discussed in relation to taxonomic position and larval feeding habits. A key to the third instar larvae of known species of Dryomyzidae was also presented.
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Motoyoshi MOGI, Tohru MANO, Isamu SAWADA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
141-165
Published: July 15, 2002
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Records of Hippoboscidae, Nycteribiidae and Streblidae collected in Japan were presented. Data for localities, dates, collectors were given for all the specimens examined. The following seven species were recorded from Japan for the first time with an undescribed Phthiridium sp.; Ornithomya comosa, Ornithomya fuscipennis, Icosta holoptera omnisetosa, Icosta maquilingensis, Icosta sensilis sensilis, Nycteribia pleuralis, Nycteribia uenoi. Total numbers of species recorded from Japan count 26 for Hippoboscidae, 11 for Nycteribiidae and 4 for Streblidae. All the species recorded from Japan were tabulated with summarized information about hosts and distribution in Japan for each species. Host preference and geographical distribution of bat flies in Japan have become rather clear but information for species of Hippoboscidae is still fragmentary.
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Masaaki SUWA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
167-172
Published: July 15, 2002
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a new species, Hylemya brevistyla, is described from Thailand. It is closely related to H. detracta (Walker, 1852) distributed in Nepal, India and China, from which it is clearly different in the male mid tibia with no anterodorsal seta and in the comparatively short surstyli of the male terminalia.
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Kazumi NISHIDA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
173-180
Published: July 15, 2002
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Two new species of the Fanniidae (Diptera), Fannia imperatoria sp. nov. and F. urbana sp. nov., are described. They were found in the additional collection after the comprehensive investigation on the fauna and flora of the Imperial Palace, Tokyo, Japan, from 1996 to 1999. One specimen of F. urbana was collected in the campus of Chiba University. Both species are inhabitants of the forest and woods in the Kanto Plain.
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Satoshi SHINONAGA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
181-212
Published: July 15, 2002
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Ninety one species in 18 genera of muscine flies belonging to subfamilies Muscinae, Phaoniinae, Mydaeinae and Coenosiinae are recorded from Indonesia. Among them, 21 species were newly recorded from Indonesia. The specimens recorded are mainly based on the collection in expedition to Indonesia by Tokyo Medical and Dental University in 1973.
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Hiromu KURAHASHI, Mohammad AFZAL
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
213-230
Published: July 15, 2002
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Fourty eight calliphorid species belonging to eighteen genera are recorded from Pakistan including the description of a new species, Onesia kiyoshii sp. nov. Thirty-seven species are new to Pakistan.
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Jeffrey D. Wells, Goff M. Lee, Jeffery K. Tomberlin, Hiromu Kurahashi
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
231-238
Published: July 15, 2002
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The calliphorid genus Dyscritomyia is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, and these flies provide another example of adaptive radiation within that archipelago. Dyscritomyia species have traditionally been considered members of the Tribe Luciliini, or greenbottle flies, although the exact systematic position of the genus has never been known. This is part of a larger problem in that the limits and systematic position of many calliphorid species are unclear, and the monophyly of the Calliphoridae itself is in dispute. As part of a larger investigation of calliphorid systematics, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of Dyscritomyia and members of the greenbottle genus Lucilia based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (COI+II) sequence data. The resulting cladogram had ≥87% bootstrap support for all branches and it recovered the Lucilia species-groups that are supported by morphological criteria. Dyscritomyia was the sister lineage to Lucilia. Therefore it is unlikely that the Hawaiian genus evolved from any Lucilia species. Although these results are preliminary it appears that COI+II sequence data will provide a strong phylogenetic signal for any future investigation of Dyscritomyia and other greenbottle flies.
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Minoru MIHARA, Hiromu KURAHASHI
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
239-258
Published: July 15, 2002
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A mass occurrence of a parasitic blow fly, Melinda pusilla (Villeneuve, 1927), was annually observed during winter (November to March) in a modern big building of Yokosuka Electrical Communication Laboratory, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation soon after the laboratory was built on a forested hill top located in the Miura Peninsular, Kanagawa Pref. The adult flies were mainly aggregated on the combined first and second floors (1+2F) of this tall building where they entered the laboratory rooms and were a considerable nuisance. Studies were made from November 1983 to March 1984 on the number of attracted flies, the route of migration and entrance into the building, and the behavior of hibernation. The flies were unmated and were found hibernating throughout the building. However, distinct daily patterns of aggregation and movement were observed. The number of individuals increased from 11 : 00 to 13 : 00 on the outside surface of glass windows and walls, especially on the south surface of floors 1+2. In late afternoon the flies seemed to enter the eaves and rooms on the north side of floors 1+2 via small openings. Groups of 10-60 individuals were then found hibernating on the ceiling. These hibernation locations showed relatively lower air temperatures (6.0-17.5℃) and higher relative humidity (RH 22.7-50.0%) than those (9.5-22.8℃, RH 11.5-40.2%) in on the south side of the building during 13-19 December 1983. Reoccurrence of this fly problem was prevented in 1984 by sealing small openings on the north surface of the building with heat insulation foam. The life history during spring and summer and host of M. pusilla remain unknown except for the fact that copulation occurs in April.
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Thomas PAPE
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
259-273
Published: July 15, 2002
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The nomenclature of Musca carnaria Linnaeus, 1758, currently in the genus Sarcophaga Meigen, 1826, is succinctly reviewed. The original type material is discussed and argued to consist of at least one North American as well as several European specimens, with most of the latter no longer in existence. The lectotype designation and the resulting nomenclatural changes are discussed in light of recent critique. The lectotype designation is in agreement with the relevant articles of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, but by abandoning the (at that time) current usage it may arguably be considered too rigid an application of the Principle of Priority. As such, the lectotype designation may not have been optimal when proposed, yet the general acceptance in the scientific literature emerging during the last fifteen years provides hope for nomenclatural stability, and no contrary action is recommended.
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Hideyuki MITSUI
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
275-278
Published: July 15, 2002
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Periodical surveys using traps baited with minced pork were carried out once a month in 1990-1992 in central Japan. In this study, 8 calliphorid and 10 sarcophagid carrion-breeding species were collected. In general, calliphorid species preferred forests, while sarcophagid species preferred open areas.
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Atsuko MORIBAYASHI, Tsuyoshi HIRAOKA, Hiromu KURAHASHI, Noriaki AGUI
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
279-288
Published: July 15, 2002
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The flesh fly adults of temperate colonies, Boettcherisca peregrina, lay larvae destined for non-diapause and diapause under long and short days, respectively and mature larvae destined for diapause enter diapause at the pupal stage. Mature larvae are inhibited pupariation with water immersion treatment, and the pupariation takes place after transfer from the immersed to the dry conditions. We found that 74% of the mature larvae entered diapause, when the larvae destined for non-diapause were treated with water immersion under short days at 20℃ for 13 days. Further, 60% of progeny of adult experienced diapause at pupal stage entered diapause with water immersion treatment under the same condition. Furthermore, when the progeny of diapause terminated adult fly experienced only short days was exposed only short days for all larval period, they entered diapause at a rate of 22〜23% with or without water immersion treatment. From these results, we conclude that diapause incidence on B. peregrina larvae may be dominated by short days signal exposed after larviposition, but adults have a same effect on progeny to diapause or non-diapause pupae.
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Article type: Appendix
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2002 Volume 53 Issue Supplement2 Pages
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