衛生動物
Online ISSN : 2185-5609
Print ISSN : 0424-7086
ISSN-L : 0424-7086
54 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の29件中1~29を表示しています
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. Cover1-
    発行日: 2003/03/15
    公開日: 2016/08/07
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  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. Cover2-
    発行日: 2003/03/15
    公開日: 2016/08/07
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  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. App1-
    発行日: 2003/03/15
    公開日: 2016/08/07
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  • 高田 伸弘
    原稿種別: 本文
    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. 1-12
    発行日: 2003/03/15
    公開日: 2016/08/07
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    In 1995, the author has summarized important articles concerned with rickettsioses and spirochetoses in Japan, including ours. This review serves to summarize our articles after 1995, especially concerned with acari-borne emerging infactious diseases, and to introduce recent findings, or to deal with as many questions as possible including our preliminary results. The subjects herein presented are as follows; vectorial competences of ticks for spotted fever, ehrlichiosis, Lyme borreliosis. babesiosis and tick-borne encephalitis, and also trombiculid mites for tsutsugamushi disease in Japan; their distribution pattern and dispersal dynamics between Japan and Asian continent; various questions on epidemiological and clinical aspects of acari-borne emerging infectious diseases.
  • 田原 雄一郎, 望月 香織, 渡部 泰弘
    原稿種別: 本文
    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. 13-16
    発行日: 2003/03/15
    公開日: 2016/08/07
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    In the laboratory condition, German cockroaches were reluctant to feed on their own feces or dried carcasses. When dried feces, dried carcasses of the cockroaches, and mouse food put in each of three small aluminum cups were placed side by side in a plastic arena the cockroaches usually selected the mouse food, followed by the dried carcasses but they did not eat the feces. The longevity of the cockroaches fed on feces or dried carcasses, was remarkably short compared with those fed on mouse food. Especially, when fed on feces or dried carcasses male cockroaches had a shorter lifespan than the females. In addition, no reproduction was observed in cockroaches fed on feces or dried carcasses. The results demonstrate that feces or dried carcasses of cockroaches may not be suitable food for the adult German cockroaches.
  • 吉岡 由明, 武衛 和雄
    原稿種別: 本文
    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. 17-24
    発行日: 2003/03/15
    公開日: 2016/08/07
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    We observed the effects on the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche), on the cats and their environmental infestation by spraying the cats directly with flowable formulations containing synergized d-allethrin (synergist: N-(2-ethylhexyl)-bicycro[2,2,1]-hepta-5-en-2,3-dicarboximide; McLaughlin Gormley King Co., USA) and 0.16% or 0.4% pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone analogue. For comparision. three groups were evaluated; the first group of cats was treated with a synergized d-allethrin formulation only, the second group was treated with synergized d-allethrin and 0.16% or 0.4% pyriproxyfen formulation at a rate of 8 ml/kg of body weight, and the third group was treated with no insecticide formulation as control. The following results were obtained. The peak of adult cat flea infestation on the host, treated with the formulation containing pyriproxyfen, was at seven days after treating. Then, the population of fleas gradually decreased, and finally showed 100% reduction and such population was continued for 51 days. The hatching of eggs collected from cats treated with the formulation containing pyriproxyfen was completely inhibited for 70 days. The population of eggs, larvae and adults of cat fleas in the model room housing cats treated with the formulation containing pyriproxyfen, showed 100% reduction in 41, 19 and 23 days, respectively. The carpet in the room housing cats treated with the pyriproxyfen formulation indicated residual effectiveness of ovicidal. It can be concluded that flea infestations on cats may be controlled by pyriproxyfen in a test formulation applied directly onto cats. Therefore, pyriproxyfen can interrupt the flea life cycle and prevent new flea reinfestation.
  • 當間 孝子, 茂木 幹義
    原稿種別: 本文
    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. 25-30
    発行日: 2003/03/15
    公開日: 2016/08/07
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    A new species, Topomyia (Suaymyia) miyagii, is described from Flores Is., Indonesia. The adult male and female, and male genitalia are described in detail and illustrations of the male genitalia are provided. Description and illustration of larva and pupa are also provided based on incomplete specimens.
  • 葛西 真治, 三原 實, 高橋 正和, 安居院 宣昭, 冨田 隆史
    原稿種別: 本文
    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. 31-36
    発行日: 2003/03/15
    公開日: 2016/08/07
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    In order to establish a simplified method of evaluating the insecticide susceptibility of the human louse, we examined the time-course knockdown of body lice (Pediculus humanus) to phenothrin, the only registered active pyrethroid ingredient of a pediculicide in Japan. Using an insecticide susceptible strain of the body louse (NIID strain), the knockdown effect of phenothrin was assessed at 1, 2, 3, 4, 18 and 24 h after the treatment by means of a continuous filter paper-contact method. The median knockdown concentration (KC_<50>) at 3 h was 31 mg/m^2 and that at 24 h was 33 mg/m^2, showing the rapid acute-toxicity of phenothrin. Thus it was suggested that 24 h observation is not necessarily needed to evaluate the insecticidal activity of phenothrin to the body lice.
  • 河合 幸一郎, 川井 敏子, 今林 博道
    原稿種別: 本文
    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. 37-42
    発行日: 2003/03/15
    公開日: 2016/08/07
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    Five chironomid species of the genus Chironomus were examined for caloric contents in adults and for their ability of calory removal from bodies of water by emergence and of water quality improvement in laboratory experiments. Calory per g adults was the highest (about 5,000 cal) for Chironomus kiiensis, higher than 2,500 cal for C. circumdatus, C. nippodorsalis and C. yoshimatsui and the lowest (about 2,000 call for C. nipponensis. The actual rate of removal by emergence was the highest (about 13%) for C. nippodorsalis, moderate (about 10%) for C. circumdatus and C. yoshimatsui, and the lowest (about 6%) for C. kiiensis and C. nipponensis. For inhibitory ability of eutrophication, in terms of PO_4-P concentration, about 89% of inhibition was observed for C. nipponensis. Inhibition was higher than 70% for C. circumadatus and C. yoshimatsui, about 31% for C. nippodorsalis, and the lowest (about 24%) for C. kiiensis at 4 weeks. For inhibitory ability in terms of protein concentration, inhibition was the highest (about 80%) for C. circumdatus, higher than 50% for C. kiiensis, C. nipponensis and C. yoshimatsui, and the lowest (about 41%) for C. nippodorsalis at 4 weeks.
  • Hamady DIENG, Michael BOOTS, Yoshio TSUDA, Masahiro TAKAGI
    原稿種別: Article
    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. 43-50
    発行日: 2003/03/15
    公開日: 2016/08/07
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    This work presents the results of an experiment on the oviposition of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) where the oviposition sites were different sized-containers with or without leaf from the maple (Acer buergerianum) or from the camphorous (Cinnamomum japonicum). Oviposition responses varied according to container type, to leaf presence/absence as well as leaf type and amount. Oviposition was highest in the "large" container and in the presence of leaves, especially maple leaves, known as good larval nutritional substrate. In nature, container opening surface size is often correlated with the permanence of water as well as leaf litter input; thus, the most likely explanation of our results is that Ae. albopictus can discriminate habitats for oviposition that increase success for its offspring.
  • 三角 仁子, 高橋 守, 角坂 照貴, 浦上 弘, 高濱 素秀, Kriangkrai LERDTHUSNEE, 三角 素弘, 松本 勲
    原稿種別: 本文
    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. 51-64
    発行日: 2003/03/15
    公開日: 2016/08/07
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    The progression of human cutaneous reactions, caused by the bite of non-infected unfed larval trombiculid mites, Leptotrombidium pallidum and/or L. scutellare was observed by applying unfed larvae to the flexure of the wrist of the forearm of two human volunteers. The histopathology of human skin in response to stylostome formation was also examined. Unfed larvae were also applied to laboratory mice. The infestation rate of L. scutellare (60.0-93.3%) was higher than that of L. pallidum (5.0-40.0%) on human skin. However, the infestation rates of L. pallidum and L. scutellare on mice were similar (63.5% and 57.0%, respectively) and showed no significant difference (P>0.05). The feeding period of L. pallidum (52.5-76.0 hrs) was longer than that of L. scutellare (42.3-51.4 hrs) in both human volunteers. However, the average feeding period of L.scutellare (45.1 hrs) on human skin was shorter than that on mice (60.2 hrs). The skin reactions to the L. scutellare and L. pallidum infestations differed in the two human volunteers. Volunteer A developed a slight skin reaction, whereas volunteer B exhibited a severe skin reaction. Specifically, a vesicle and bulla formations accompanied by pain and pruritus were observed at the bite site of volunteer B in every experimental infestation. The stylostomes formed by L. pallidum and L. scutellare were epidermal stylostomes, which did not extend beyond the basal layer of epidermis. All stylostomes exhibited considerable inflammation in the epidermis and similar reactivity.
  • 森林 敦子, 倉橋 弘, 杉江 元, 片桐 千仭, 土田 耕三
    原稿種別: 本文
    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. 65-71
    発行日: 2003/03/15
    公開日: 2016/08/07
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    Arrest of oogenesis in Aldrichina grahami (Aldrich) was induced by long days (16L : 8D) at 20℃ and the follicle remained undeveloped in the previtellogenic stage. Ovarian development takes place under short days (11L : 13D) at 20℃ and oviposition occurs 6 days after the adult emergence. Ecdysteroid content in the whole body was measured from adult emergence to day 6 after emergence and the maximum value of ecdysteroid (l,400pg) was detected in the non-diapausing female on day 4, when the uptake of yolk protein by the oocytes began. Lipid content of the ovary and the fat body were compared between females reared under short and long days. The main fatty acids were palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic and linoleic acid. Especially, the content of palmitoleic acid increased from 15 to 40%in the ovary and 23 to 41% in the fat body of the non-diapausing female within 6 days. The high content of palmitoleic acid which has a melting point of ±0.5℃, is assumed to enable A. grahami to undergo alternation of generations at the low environmental temperatures of the winter in Japan.
  • 津田 良夫, Subagyo YOTOPRANOTO, Sri Subekti BENDRYMAN, ROSMANIDA ROSMANIDA ...
    原稿種別: 本文
    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. 73-80
    発行日: 2003/03/15
    公開日: 2016/08/07
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    An ovi-trap survey was conducted to examine seasonal changes in dorsal scale pattern of Aedes aegypti in a densely populated area in Surabaya, Indonesia in 2000. Twenty ovi-traps were placed for 10 days indoors and outdoors in March, April, May, July, August and October 2000. Larvae and eggs appearing in the ovi-traps were carried to the laboratory and reared to adults. The dorsal pattern of adults was classified into 7 scale pattern classes based on the number of abdominal segments with scattered pale scales (CKM-method), and seasonal changes in the composition of the scale pattern classes were analyzed. The seasonal change in the composition of scale pattern class and the difference in the composition between indoor and outdoor mosquitoes was significant for both females and males. The proportion of the lightest form (the scale pattern class 7, Ae. aegypti var. queenslandensis) ranged from 12 to 47% in females and changed negatively with that of the darkest form (the scale pattern class 1). The composition of the scale pattern class 7 in the indoor sample was significantly higher than that of the outdoor sample in females. An artificial selection for increasing or decreasing white scaling on abdominal tergites was conducted in the laboratory, and one light- and one dark-Surabaya strain were successfully established within 10 generations of the selection.
  • 関 なおみ, 矢口 昇
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    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. 81-87
    発行日: 2003/03/15
    公開日: 2016/08/07
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    In recent years the number of homeless people in metropolitan areas of Japan has been growing. In Tokyo alone, there are an estimated 5,600 homeless people. The Toshima City government has had outreach programs for the homeless people from 1984. In this program, medical staffs and sanitary inspectors have checked body lice infestation in patients since 1995. We analyzed the personal history and life style of the homeless people, and also checked lice infestation among the homeless people who came to outreach programs held in other municipalities in Tokyo. The average infestation rate of body lice found in outreach programs of Toshima City from 1999 to 2001 was 6.5%. The age of the most people infested with body lice was in their fifties, and many of them had histories of homelessness of less than a year. In outreach programs in Shibuya, Shinjuku, and Kita Cities, no body lice patients were found, but at a clinic of the Johoku Welfare Center in Taito City, about 100 body lice cases are found each year. This number is more than the total number of body lice patients in Japan reported by the Ministry of Health and Welfare because the reporting of body lice cases from welfare centers or public health offices is not obligatory. Lice-borne diseases are still epidemic in the world. It is important to consider problems related to poverty in the metropolitan areas in Japan, especially the need for fulfilling basic sanitary needs for homeless people. The monitoring of body lice cases and adequate support including lice control are strongly recommended.
  • 平林 公男, 花里 孝幸, 小河原 誠, 佐久間 昌孝, 中本 信忠
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    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. 89-96
    発行日: 2003/03/15
    公開日: 2016/08/07
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    The long-term population dynamics of chironomids were investigated in Lake Suwa, a shallow eutrophic lake in Central Japan, in order to clarify the temporal variations in the abundance of Propsilocerus akamusi (Tokunaga). The characteristics of the emergence of P. akamusi from the lake in recent years are (1) shorter emergence periods, (2) smaller number of midges collected, and (3) high ratio of females. These results clearly show that the number of D. akamusi in Lake Suwa has recently tended to decrease. There is significant relationship between the density of larvae in spring and the total number of midges trapped during the emergence period in fall. Thus, it is possible to estimate the focus of massive emergence of the midges from the larval density in the spring.
  • 西田 和美
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    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. 97-103
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    公開日: 2016/08/07
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    One new species of the genus Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Fanniidae), Fannia maculosa sp. nov. is described from Japan. F. maculosa is a member of the carbonaria subgroup of the carbonaria group. F. corvina (Verrall), F. glaucescens (Zetterstedt) and F. norvegica Ringdahl are also newly recorded from Japan.
  • 田中 和夫
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    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. 105-111
    発行日: 2003/03/15
    公開日: 2016/08/07
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    A generic description and a key to 40 Japanese species of the pupa of the genus Aedes are given.
  • 大塚 靖, 高岡 宏行, 青木 千春, Wej CHOOCHOTE
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    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. 113-120
    発行日: 2003/03/15
    公開日: 2016/08/07
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    The subgenus Himalayum Lewis within the genus Simulium Latreille s.l. is a small group, including only two species, i.e., S. indicum Becher and S. nigrogilvum Summers, both of which are severe pests on humans at the southern foot of the Himalayas. In this study, the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene of S. nigrogilvum from Thailand was sequenced and compared with those of other species of related subgenera within the same genus. The molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that this species had a much closer relation with species of Simulium s. str. than with other subgenera such as Cnetha Enderlein, Gomphostilbia Enderlein, Nevermannia Enderlein and Wallacellum Takaoka in the Oriental Region, and was not separated from, but was nested in, species of Simulium s. str. Morphologically, the two Himalayum species are very similar to those of the subgenus Simulium, in particular, to those of the griseiforns species-group within it. It is suggested that the subgenus Himalayum should be treated as a junior synonym of Simulium s. str.
  • 田中 伸久, 佐々 学, 橋爪 節子
    原稿種別: 本文
    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. 121-124
    発行日: 2003/03/15
    公開日: 2016/08/07
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    Collections of chironomid midges with a light trap were carried out in a rice paddy area in the suburbs of Maebashi City, Gunma Prefecture, in order to elucidate the species and their seasonal prevalence. As the result, a total of 645 males of the chironomids were collected by seven successive collections. Eighteen genera and 36 species were identified. Differences were seen in the seasonal distribution among the species groups. The dominant species, Chironomus kiiensis Tokunaga, 1936, Tanytarsus oyamai Sasa, 1979 and Cricotopus sylvestris (Fabricius, 1794) were especially abundant in summer. In autumn and spring, Smittia aterrima (Meigen, 1818) was dominant.
  • 河合 幸一郎, 今林 博道
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    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. 125-131
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    Conditions of illumination and space required for mating and oviposition were listed for 28 species of chironomids based on laboratory experiments. Among these, eight species involving Cricotopus sylvestris and Propsilocerus akamusi were stenogamous, and fertillized egg masses were easily obtained in a small container (<9 cm in height) without any regular illumination cycles. Fertilized eggs of Chironomus javanus, C. kiiensis, C. okinawanus, Pentapedilum sordens, Polypedilum nubifer and Tanytarsus oyamai were obtained in a little larger container (<30 cm in height) without any illumination cycles. Those of Dicrotendipes enteromorphae and Kiefferulus glauciventris were obtained in the same container as C. javanus under a regular illumination cycle and shading by skylight narrowing. Those of C. circumdatus, C. yoshimatsui, D. lobiger, D. septemmaculatus, Nilodorum tainanus, Parachironomus arcuatus and Polypedilum nubeculosum were obtained in a small cage (134 cm in height) under the same luminous conditions as D. enteromorphae. Those of C. nippodorsalis, C. nipponensis and C. salinarius were obtained in a large cage (182 cm in height) under the same luminous conditions as D. enteromorphae. Those of C. flaviplumus and Polypedilum cultellatum were obtained in a small cage under a regular illumination cycle and shading by putting white acryl plates on the skylight.
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. 133-
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  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. App2-
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  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. App3-
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  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. App4-
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    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. App5-
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    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. App6-
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    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. App7-
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  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. Cover3-
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  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    2003 年 54 巻 1 号 p. Cover4-
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