Medical Entomology and Zoology

[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages Cover13-
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.Cover13

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages Cover14-
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.Cover14

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages App33-
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.App33

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages App34-
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.App34

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Generation of genetically engineered mosquitoes refractory to malaria parasites : Challenge for malaria control through the genetic manipulation of its vector

Shigeto YOSHIDA

Article type: Article
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages 249-254
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.249

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Blood-sucking arthropods including mosquitoes, sand flies and ticks transmit numerous infectious agents during blood feeding. Amongst arthropodborn diseases, malaria transmitted by anopheline mosquitoes is the worst health problem in the world, and kills 1-2 million people, mostly African children, every year. The lack of an effective vaccine and the emergence of Plasmodium resistance to many existing antimalarial drugs have aggravated the situation. Therefore, the control of vector competence in malaria transmission has become a more important objective to be pursued. Recent advances in the genetic engineering of anopheline mosquitoes have raised hopes for their use as new strategies for malaria control and provided a powerful tool to investigate mosquito-parasite interactions. The interruption of the parasite cycle in the mosquito using transgenic strategies can occur at the midgut level, interfering with ookinete invasion or oocyst differentiation, and at the salivary gland level, blocking invasion of gland cells or the transmission of infective sporozoites from the salivary glands. We have established two kinds of transgenic mosquitoes expressing foreign genes at midguts or salivary glands. This review describes recent progress of our transgenic mosquito works. Our results open up the possibilities of elucidating mosquito-parasite interactions and generating transgenic mosquitoes refractory to parasites.

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Distribution and proportion of anopheline mosquitoes identified by the PCR-RFLP analysis method in Wewak and Maprik Districts of East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea

Chigusa FUJIMOTO, Naoko TAKEZAKI, Junzaburo MINAMI, Arif-Ul-HASAN, Ro ...

Article type: Article
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages 255-264
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.255

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Entomological surveys were done as a part of a malaria control project at nine sites in East Sepik Province. Adult mosquitoes were collected by the humanbait method and the number of anopheline mosquitoes by 177 night×people collections was 3,631. Species identification was done by the PCR-RFLP method at the ITS 2 region of the rDNA. Five kinds of anopheline mosquitoes, i.e., Anopheles farauti 1, An. farauti 2, An. farauti 4, An. koliensis and An. punctulatus were identified. Anopheles koliensis was the most common, then An. punctulatus, An. farauti 1, and followed by An. farauti 4 and An. farauti 2. Anopheles farauti 1 was distributed mainly in coastal areas and An. farauti 2 in inland areas. Anopheles farauti 4 was found only in Kairiru Island and this is the first report of the distribution of this species in an island. Anopheles koliensis and An. punctulatus were widely distributed throughout the districts; however, the distribution of An. koliensis was sporadic. Negative correlations were found between the collected numbers of An. farauti 1 and An. farauti 2 and those of An. koliensis and An. punctulatus.

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The genus Pullimosina Rohacek (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) from Japan

Toshihiko HAYASHI

Article type: Article
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages 265-272
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.265

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The Japanese species of the genus Pullimosina Rohacek are studied. Pullimosina heteroneura (Haliday, 1836) is the only species formerly recorded, and 4 other species are newly recorded from Japan. Two new species, P. ryukyuensis and P. vernalis are described and illustrated. Pullimosina pullula (Zetterstedt, 1847) and P. vulgesta Rohacek, 2001 are recorded from Japan for the first time. A key to the Japanese species of Pullimosina is presented.

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Detection of Japanese spotted fever rickettsiae DNA from ixodid ticks in Osumi Peninsula of Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan

Shinichi NODA, Susumu YAMAMOTO

Article type: Article
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages 273-277
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.273

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We attempted to detect Rickettsia japonica DNA from ixodid ticks by the PCR analysis. Ixodid ticks were collected at Hami, Minamikata and Shintomi of Kimotsuki Town, Kagoshima Prefecture. Ixodid ticks were also collected at three popular camp sites, Sarugajou Gorge in Tarumizu City, Kamikawaotaki Park and Shouyojunomori in Kinkou Town, Kagoshima Prefecture. A total of 3,477 ixodid ticks was collected. They were identified as four genera and eight species as follows: Haemaphysalis flava, H. longicornis, H. formosensis, H. hystricis, Ixodes nipponensis, I. ovatus, Amblyomma testudinarium and Dermacentor taiwanensis. Haemaphysalis formosensis and H. flava seemed to be the dominant species in the survey areas. The nucleotide sequence of PCR products with a primer pair Rj5 and Rj10 was analyzed. The nucleotide sequences of four PCR products from H. longicornis (one sample), H. formosensis (one sample) and H. hystricis (two samples) were successfully decided, and their sequences accorded with Rickettsia japonica DNA.

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Evaluation of the assays for detection of West Nile virus from mosquitoes in Japan

Kyoko SAWABE, Toshinori SASAKI, Keita HOSHINO, Haruhiko ISAWA, Akira K ...

Article type: Article
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages 279-286
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.279

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In Japan, the invasion of the West Nile virus (WNV) has not been reported. However, in order to develop a rapid- and sensitive-detection system for WNV, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), TaqMan RT-PCR, and VecTest^<TM> WNV assays were evaluated. VecTest^<TM> produced results within 1 hour and no specialized training was required. However it showed the lowest sensitivity to detect WNV (> 10^5 plaque-forming units; PFU/tube) and was costly. The TaqMan RT-PCR assay was the highest sensitive assay (>0.25 PFU/tube) and was followed by the RT-PCR assay (>20 PFU/tube), although it took 10 hours for investigators to get the results of both assays and their protocols are more complex than that of the VecTest^<TM>. In addition, TaqMan RT-PCR is simpler than RT-PCR. These results suggest that the TaqMan RT-PCR assay may be the most effective for WNV survey at present in Japan. We hereby recommend one of the most preferable WNV surveillance systems at present in Japan as follows. First, the mosquito pool supernatants are screened for the presence of WN viral RNA by using the TaqMan RT-PCR assay with WNV primer-probe sets. Second, the viral RNA-positive pools are used for the virus isolation using cell culture assay. Finally, the isolated viruses are characterized for the viral genome by using molecular biological techniques.

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Four new species of Simulium (Simulium) from Luzon Island, Philippines (Diptera: Simuliidae)

Hiroyuki TAKAOKA

Article type: Article
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages 287-307
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.287

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Four new black-fly species are described on the basis of the reared adults, pupae and/or mature larvae collected in Ifugao and Ilocos Sur Provinces, Luzon Island, the Philippines. All these species are assigned to the melanopus species-group of the subgenus Simulium (Simulium) Latreille s. str.

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Revised description of Simulium (Simulium) forcipatum Delfinado, and description of three new related species from Luzon Island, Philippines (Diptera: Simuliidae)

Hiroyuki TAKAOKA

Article type: Article
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages 309-326
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.309

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The female, pupa and mature larva of Simulium (Simulium) forcipatum Delfinado are described for the first time based on the samples collected from Ifugao and Mountain Provinces, Luzon Island, the Philippines. Three species closely related to S. (S.) forcipatum, which were found from the same and/or nearby rivers or streams, are described as new species. All these four species are distinctive among the melanopus species-group of the subgenus Simulium (Simulium) Latreille s. str. in having a wall-pocket-shaped cocoon in place of the shoe-shaped or boot-shaped cocoon as well as the male ventral plate with teeth on its posteroventral surface in two vertical rows lying very close to each other.

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Three new species of Simulium (Wallacellum) from Luzon Island, Philippines (Diptera: Simuliidae)

Hiroyuki TAKAOKA

Article type: Article
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages 327-346
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.327

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Three new black-fly species, Simulium (Wallacellum) suyoense sp. nov., S. (W.) claveriaense sp. nov. and S. (W.) molawinense sp. nov., are described based on the females, males, pupae and/or mature larvae collected from Luzon Island, the Philippines. Simulium (W.) suyoense sp. nov. is characterized by the pupal gill with four slender filaments arranged in (2+1)+1 filaments arising from a swollen base and the male style with two apical spines, while S. (W.) claveriaense sp. nov. and S. (W.) molawinense sp. nov. are characterized by the wall-pocket-shaped cocoon with an eaves-like anterodorsal projection and the shoe-shaped cocoon, respectively. The probable relationships of these new species with certain known species among the subgenus Simulium (Wallacellum) are discussed.

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Redescription of Topomyia argenteoventralis Leicester, 1908 (Diptera, Culicidae) from Malaysia

Ichiro MIYAGI, Takako TOMA, Takao OKAZAWA

Article type: Article
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages 347-354
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.347

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Detailed redescriptions and illustrations of the adults as well as genitalia, pupa and larva of Topomyia (Suaymyia) argenteoventralis Leicester, 1908 were presented based on the specimens collected in Malaysia. The larva of the species is predacious, having well developed maxilla and breeds in leaf axils of various kinds of taro plants.

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Effectiveness of difethialone baits to warfarin-resistant and susceptible colonies of roof rats, Rattus rattus in Japan

Tsutomu TANIKAWA, Mayumi ISHIZUKA, Shoichi FUJITA

Article type: Article
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages 355-359
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.355

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The efficacy of toxic bait, which includes 0.0025% difethialone: [(bromo-4'-[biphenyl-1-1']-yl-4)3-tetrahydro-1,2,3,4-naphthyl-1] 3-hydroxy-4 2H-1 benzothiopyrane-one, was tested against warfarin-resistant and susceptible roof rats (Rattus rattus). When 0.0025% difethialone baits were given to the warfarinresistant roof rats, 5 of 12 warfarin-resistant rats were killed after eating a.i. (active ingredient) 1.8mg/kg in average for 24 hours. After eating 4.7mg/kg bait in average for 2 days, 11 of 12 rats were killed. Nine of 12 rats were killed 3 days after eating a.i. 6.9mg/kg. All rats tested died within 4 days after eating a.i. 10.4mg/kg (n=12). On the other hand, when 0.0025% difethialone baits were given to the warfarin-susceptible roof rats (n=12), all rats were killed after eating a.i. 1.7mg/kg in average for 24 hours exposure.

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Field evaluation of a hydramethylnon gel bait against German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) in Bangkok, Thailand

Duangkhae SITTHICHAROENCHAI, Chatchawan CHAISUEKUL, Chow-Yang LEE

Article type: Article
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages 361-364
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.361

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A 2% hydramethylnon gel bait formulation was evaluated against German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (Linnaeus) in two university cafeterias in Bangkok, Thailand. With only single treatment, the bait reduced more than 90% of cockroach trap counts in both sites after 1 week post-treatment. In one test site, the reduction rate was further sustained up to 3 months post-treatment. The implication of this study on managing German cockroach populations is discussed.

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Bibliography
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages 365-366
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.365

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages 368-369
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.368

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages 371-374
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.371

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages 375-378
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.375

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages 379-
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.379

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages App35-
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.App35

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages App36-
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.App36

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages App37-
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.App37

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages App38-
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.App38

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages App39-
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.App39

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages App40-
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.App40

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages App41-
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.App41

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages Cover15-
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.Cover15

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
2006 Volume 57 Issue 4 Pages Cover16-
Published: December 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.Cover16

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