巻号一覧
63 巻 (2012)
- 4 号 p. 245-
- 3 号 p. 195-
- 2 号 p. 95-
- 1 号 p. 1-
63 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の11件中1～11を表示しています
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特集 住血吸虫の中間宿主は？ 特に日本住血吸虫症のミヤイリガイ他
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石井 明原稿種別: 特集
2012 年 63 巻 4 号 p. 245-247
発行日: 2012/12/30
公開日: 2013/07/06
ジャーナル フリーSeveral areas in Japan where people suffered from life threatening diseases of unknown origin have occurred in the past. In 1904, Profs. F. Katsurada and A. Fujinami discovered Schistosoma japonicum the causative agent of schistosomiasis. In 1909, Prof. K. Miyairi and Dr. M. Suzuki discovered the intermediate snail host Oncomelania nosophora. Afterwards, two scientists from Britain visited Japan and confirmed these discoveries. They then started investigations on the intermediate host snails Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma manasoni in Africa and the near East. These discoveries and other efforts made possible the beginning of schistosomiasis control. Schistosomiasis japonica was finally eradicated from Japan through medical treatment and the use of molluscicides in 1996. This was the first eradication of schistosomiasis on a large scale. Today, approximately 0.2 billion people are estimated to still be infected with schsitosomes in the world.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (321K) -
二瓶 直子原稿種別: 特集
2012 年 63 巻 4 号 p. 249-256
発行日: 2012/12/30
公開日: 2013/07/06
ジャーナル フリーThe main endemic areas of schistosomiasis japonica in Japan were three sites in Yamanashi Prefecture, Hiroshima Prefecture and Fukuoka/Saga Prefectures, and ubiquity of distribution is governed by the intermediate host Oncomelania nosophora. The presenter has to date, undertaken to clarify these factors that govern distribution through the implementation of local surveys and breeding experiments. In Japan, numerous direct and indirect eradication measures were implemented immediately after the discovery of O. nosophora. These measures resulted in the declaration of safety being made in relation to the Kofu Basin in 1996, and in Japan, schistosomiasis was thought to have ended. However, since O. nosophora still inhabit the Kofu Basin, etc. the monitoring of habitation status is important. Consequently, with regards to the Kofu Basin, working with habitation density distribution maps from the end of the 1960s and around 2000, GIS was used to clarify the range of distribution and changes in habitation density. From Japan's satellite images, paddy fields were isolated, and by combining the range of risk areas with various maps, the areas that should be monitored for O. nosophora were isolated. We are currently establishing more effective monitoring systems by implementing local surveys using GPS remote sensing using satellite images.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2830K) -
薬袋 勝原稿種別: 特集
2012 年 63 巻 4 号 p. 257-262
発行日: 2012/12/30
公開日: 2013/07/06
ジャーナル フリーEpidemiological records were not reported before the discovery of the causative agent Schistosoma japonicum. The first comprehensive epidemiological survey was conducted in 1911. Out of 69,131 patients, 7,893 were recorded to have a high infection rate of 11.4%. Countermeasures for snail control since 1909 when the intermediate snail host was discovered are historically divided into three stages. The first stage was from 1913 when the life history of the parasite was elucidated to the end of the World War II in 1945. In 1916, Yamanashi Prefecture provided funds for the systematic control of the disease including snail control. In 1924, molluscicides of lime were introduced. In 1932, the Japanese government created a law to support parasite control. The second stage was from 1946 after the end of the World War II to eradication in 1996. During occupancy, the United States army started surveys and instructional programs. Na-PCP was introduced and used until 1971 when it was incriminated as a water pollution agent. Starting in 1950, cementing of rice paddy ditches was shown effective so an official fund of 11 billion yen was provided until 1985. In 1996 Yamanashi Prefecture finally declared the area safe with cessation of the epidemic. The third stage was from 1997 when the disease was not reported anymore and vigilant activities continue to examine possible infections from the snails till date. Now the snail survives and even proliferates in the Kofu Basin without infection.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (431K) -
太田 伸生, 熊谷 貴, 陸 紹紅, 汪 天平, 温 礼永原稿種別: 特集
2012 年 63 巻 4 号 p. 263-267
発行日: 2012/12/30
公開日: 2013/07/06
ジャーナル フリーSchistosoma japonicum is currently endemic in Asian countries, especially China and the Philippines. Endemic foci in China are located in two cities and 7 provinces along the Yangze river and known to still be actively endemic. The intermediate snail hosts Oncomelania hupensis hupensis and O. h. robertosoni are both subspecies of snails distributed in Japan. From the viewpoint of disease control, the Chinese situations are much more difficult than those in Japan, because of environmental factors observed with seasonal changes in water levels of the Yangze river. Endemic foci in China are divided into three types according to the geographical areas, namely marshland type, water canal type and hHilly type. In each endemic focus, countermeasures should be planned considering the vegetation, soil content and agricultural environment. The Chinese government decided to implement nation-wide activities aimed to eradicate schisotosomiasis no later than 2020. For this purpose, comprehensive control activities are being strategically carried out. Those activities must be monitored to determine whether the outcomes are successful. Together with those activities, new tools for disease control are being intensively introduced in endemic areas of China. In his review, currently implemented control activities in China are described and future prospects of the disease endemicity is discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1764K) -
松田 肇原稿種別: 特集
2012 年 63 巻 4 号 p. 269-276
発行日: 2012/12/30
公開日: 2013/07/06
ジャーナル フリーSchistosomiasis mekongi is endemic in the Mekong river basin from Khong Island in southern Laos to 200 km downstream in Kratie of eastern Cambodia. The intermediate host snail of Schistosoma mekongi is a tiny hydrobiid snail Neotricula aperta consisting of three races (α, β and γ). The γ-N. aperta race is known to be naturally infected and epidemiologically significant. Transmission of the disease in the Mekong river basin occurs during the low-water period, only a few months in March, April and May. Inhabitants of the lower Mekong tend to rise early to bathe, defecate, wash and work on the river bank, children join their parents.
This paper on Mekong schistosomiasis and the intermediate host snail in the Mekong region consists of discussion on the parasitic disease in the past, present epidemiology, malacology, transmission dynamics, control implementation, application of immunodiagnosis for epidemiology and difference in the schistosomiasis problems of Laos and Cambodia.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2503K) -
嶋田 雅曉原稿種別: 特集
2012 年 63 巻 4 号 p. 277-282
発行日: 2012/12/30
公開日: 2013/07/06
ジャーナル フリーThirty years after the eradication of schistosomiasis japonica from Japan, schistosomiasis still remains a huge burden for people living in rural Africa. Since humans are practically speaking the main host of African schistosomiasis and most victims are school-age children, the current approach to control the disease focuses on providing treatment for children. However, other approaches such as hygiene, clean water and sanitation should also be included to prevent transmission. These approaches were some of the methods Japan implemented for success in eradication of the disease.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1511K) -
野田 伸一原稿種別: 特集
2012 年 63 巻 4 号 p. 283-288
発行日: 2012/12/30
公開日: 2013/07/06
ジャーナル フリーAlthough praziquantel is an excellent anti-schistosomaiasis medicine, the selection of time for treatment is very important. Treatment of patients should be avoided when infection occurs. Surveys were carried out in two adjacent villages, Mwachinga and Mtsangatamu Villages. In these areas, two rainy seasons, a long rainy season from April to June and a short rainy season in November, occur each year. Mwachinga Village is located on a dry hill and snails infected with Schistosona haematobium are mainly collected between October and February. On the other hand, Mtsangatamu Village is located on the slopes of wooded hills, and infected snails are mainly collected between March and May. The removal of intermediate snails from the riverbed during the dry season was used as a measure for disease control in Mwachinga Village. The river in Mtsangatamu Village is a swamp because of slow water flow, so a trench was dug in the center of the river to increase the flow rate. Significant decreases in the number of intermediate snails were observed in both areas.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3517K)
原著
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平良 勝也, 當間 孝子, 玉城 美加子, 宮城 一郎原稿種別: 原著
2012 年 63 巻 4 号 p. 289-306
発行日: 2012/12/30
公開日: 2013/07/06
ジャーナル フリー琉球列島の主要な9島で医学上重要なAnopheles属6種，Aedes属14種およびCulex属17種，合計37種（亜種を含む）228個体の蚊を採集し，各種蚊のミトコンドリアDNAチトクロームオキシダーゼI（COI）遺伝子のバーコード領域が，蚊の種同定に有効であるかを調べた．全ての個体のCOI遺伝子 （658 bp） の塩基配列が決定し，配列間におけるKimura2パラメータ （K2P） モデルを用いた遺伝的距離計算および近隣結合法（NJ）法による系統解析を行った．その結果，K2Pを用いて計算した種内変異率は35種で2%以下を示し，Aedes aureostriatus okinawanus BohartとCulex hayashii ryukyuanus Tanaka et al.の2種で2%以上を示した．また，この2種は，それぞれ異なる島間で遺伝的距離に違いがあることが明らかになった．調査した37種のすべての蚊は，NJ法による系統樹解析により異なるクラスターを形成し，それぞれの種が区別された．この結果から，蚊のCOI遺伝子のバーコード領域は，種同定に対して有効であることが明らかになった．抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1183K) -
倉橋 弘, Siew Hwa TAN原稿種別: 原著
2012 年 63 巻 4 号 p. 307-312
発行日: 2012/12/30
公開日: 2013/07/06
ジャーナル フリーマレーシアにおける法医昆虫学上重要なハエ類の分子分類学的研究のためマレー半島で実施した野外調査の際に採集されたニクバエの標本を検査した結果，ニクバエ族に所属する新属新種を発見したので， ここに， Lehisca cameroni Gen. et sp. nov. カメロンニクバエ属カメロンニクバエ（新称）として記載し，雌雄の外部生殖器の特徴を図示して発表する．これらの外部生殖器の特徴の他，横溝後亜背剛毛が4本であり，腹側板剛毛が2本であること，前胸側板が有毛であること等多くの点で特徴があり，近縁の属から区別される．PCR法によるミトコンドリアDNACOI+IIの解析からも，ニクバエ族に含まれ，独立の属を構成することがわかった．抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (859K)
短報
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河合 幸一郎, 大杉 朋美, 五箇 公一, 今林 博道原稿種別: 短報
2012 年 63 巻 4 号 p. 313-317
発行日: 2012/12/30
公開日: 2013/07/06
ジャーナル フリー日本産ハモンユスリカ属22種について，チトクロムオキシダーゼⅠ遺伝子の塩基配列に基づく系統樹を作成した． Polypedilum (Polypedilum) tamahosohigeとP. (Po.) sp.， P. (Po.) pedestreとP. (Po.) tamaharakiやP. (Po.) okiflavumとP. (Po.) tamanigrumは同亜属内でクラスターを作ったが，P. (Po.) nubeculosumとP. (Tripodura) decematoguttatum，P. (Po.) kyotoenseとP. (Uresipedilum) tamasemusi，P. (Po.) nubiferとP. (T.) unifasciumやP. (Po.) takaoenseとP. (U.) hiroshimaenseは異なる亜属間でクラスターを作った．また，Pentapedilum亜属の3種は別々のクラスターに加わった．これらの結果は，ハモンユスリカ属の広範囲の種間で著しい収斂現象が起こったこと，そして進化過程を反映させるためには現在の分類体系を再構築する必要があることを示唆する．抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (392K) -
小林 睦生, 葛西 真治, 伊澤 晴彦, 林 利彦, 沢辺 京子, 津田 良夫原稿種別: 短報
2012 年 63 巻 4 号 p. 319-323
発行日: 2012/12/30
公開日: 2013/07/06
ジャーナル フリーアカイエカは我が国のアカイエカ種群に属する1種である．我が国の都市部におけるアカイエカの越冬に適した環境条件は知られていない．埼玉県内の都市環境に存在する2カ所の暗渠において，2005年に163および65頭，2006年には133および51頭の越冬アカイエカ種群を採集した．2005年に採集したアカイエカ種群89頭に関して，分子分類を試みたところ，全てがアカイエカと同定された．我々の発見は，都市環境におけるアカイエカの越冬場所を明らかにした．この発見は，アカイエカの越冬生態を理解するうえで重要であり，また，結果として冬期における越冬蚊の防除対策に貢献する．抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1143K)
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