衛生動物
Online ISSN : 2185-5609
Print ISSN : 0424-7086
ISSN-L : 0424-7086
71 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の7件中1~7を表示しています
学会賞受賞特別寄稿
  • 澤邊 京子
    2020 年 71 巻 1 号 p. 1-13
    発行日: 2020/03/25
    公開日: 2020/03/25
    ジャーナル フリー

    We have faced a number of outbreaks of arthropod-borne infectious diseases in Japan and aimed to address each case appropriately. Here, I introduce two arthropod-borne infectious diseases caused by flies and mosquitoes, respectively. In 2004, the highly pathogenic avian influenza occurred in Kyoto. The H5N1 influenza A virus was isolated from the blow fly, Calliphora nigribarbis, collected around a poultry farm. Exposure experiments showed that the H5N1 virus survived in C. nigribarbis for at least 24 h. C. nigribarbis was suggested to possibly transport the H5N1 virus over a distance of 2 km, which they can access within 24 h. While in 2014, 162 autochthonous dengue cases were reported. Dengue virus was isolated from Aedes albopictus collected in the suspected locations of dengue virus infection in Tokyo. Phylogenetic analysis and virus infection experiments revealed that Ae. albopictus was a major dengue vector in Tokyo in 2014. In both cases, we first collected vector arthropods at each outbreak location to understand their biological characteristics and ecological dynamics. We then detected pathogens from the collected arthropods and conducted infection experiments in the laboratory. We can understand that obtaining data from both the field and the laboratory is necessary to confront arthropod-borne infectious diseases.

衛生動物学会Mini Review集
「シリーズ:ダニ研究の最前線とダニ媒介性感染症制御の可能性を探る」
原著
  • Md. Sha Alam, Nobuko Tuno
    2020 年 71 巻 1 号 p. 25-30
    発行日: 2020/03/25
    公開日: 2020/03/25
    ジャーナル フリー

    Aedes albopictus has originated in Asia and expanded its range worldwide in the last 30 years. In Japan, this species occurs from the Ryukyu islands to Tohoku district, whereas its sibling species Ae. flavopictus is distributed throughout Japan including Hokkaido. On the other hand, the former mainly inhabits residential area, while the latter does natural environments such as bamboo groves and forests. To understand how they differ in habitat use, their performance was compared under various temperature regimes, i.e., constant temperatures of 22, 25 and 28°C and a fluctuating temperature regime of 20–30°C (mean: 25°C). Mortality from the first instar stage to adult emergence was significantly higher in Ae. flavopictus than in Ae. albopictus at constant temperatures of 25 and 28°C. Development time was significantly longer in Ae. flavopictus than in Ae. albopictus at 28°C. The proportion of females that did not oviposit was significantly higher in Ae. flavopictus at a constant temperatures of 28°C and a fluctuating temperature regime. Thus, Ae. albopictus is at least more adapted to higher or fluctuating temperatures than Ae. flavopictus. Such difference in their temperature adaptation may be one of factors that cause their different geographic distribution and habitat use.

  • Yukako Inoue, Masaru Natsuaki, Kiyofumi Yamanishi
    2020 年 71 巻 1 号 p. 31-38
    発行日: 2020/03/25
    公開日: 2020/03/25
    ジャーナル フリー

    The present report summarizes 519 cases of tick bites in Hyogo Prefecture over 5 years from 2014 through 2018. There were 222 male and 297 female cases, and ages ranged from 0 to 95 years old. The most common age group was the 70 to 79 age range (n=124). Tick bites were especially frequent in May, June, and July. The causative ticks in 431 tick bite cases were identified as Amblyomma testudinarium (AT), followed by 72 cases involving Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks, and 7 cases involving Haemaphysalis hystricis ticks. Among the 431 AT bites, 61 cases developed erythema larger than 50 mm in diameter at the bite site, and those patients were diagnosed with tick-associated rash illness (TARI). Although tick-borne diseases such as severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and Japanese spotted fever (JSF) that are related to the above-mentioned tick species were reported in Hyogo Prefecture, there were no patients who presented with such diseases in the current report. Our findings suggest that SFTS or JSF infections that develop after tick bites are most likely accidental occurrences and that dermatologists in western Japan should pay attention to TARI as a differential diagnosis of Lyme disease in tick bite cases.

  • Hiroyuki Takaoka, Suchitra Shrestha, Naresh Dangi
    2020 年 71 巻 1 号 p. 39-50
    発行日: 2020/03/25
    公開日: 2020/03/25
    ジャーナル フリー

    Three new species of black flies, Simulium beniense, S. salyanense, and S. chainpurense, are described based on samples from Nepal. All these species are assigned to the Simulium (Simulium) striatum species-group. In addition, two species, S. pallidum Puri and S. sp. nr. striatum Brunetti, are newly recorded from Nepal.

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