Mushroom Science and Biotechnology
Online ISSN : 2432-7069
Print ISSN : 1348-7388
Volume 21, Issue 3
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
  • Junnosuke OTAKA, Sakie TAIKO, Saori GOSEKI, Miwa MIKETA, Hiroshi ARAYA
    Article type: Article
    2013 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages 113-122
    Published: October 31, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Bioassay directed studies on the chemical constituents of Cryptoporus volvatus, have yielded fourteen cryptoporic acids (CPAs) from the fruiting bodies. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis (1D- and 2D-NMR, HR-ESI-Q-TOF-MS, etc.). In this paper we report CPA-D methylester (9, CPA-P) as a new compound. CPA-A methylester (2), CPA-D dimethylester (10), and CPA-E dimethylester (13) were isolated as natural compounds for the first time, along with five known compounds; CPA-A (1), CPA-B (4), CPA-B methylester (5), CPA-D (8) and CPA-H (15). Additionally six new ethylesters, CPA-A ethylester (3), CPA-B ethylester (6), acetyl CPA-B ethylester (7), CPA-D ethylester (11), CPA-D diethylester (12), acetyl CPA-E diethylester (14) are also being reported as probable artefacts which could have been formed during the extraction procedure. The allelopathic potential of these compounds was also studied against lettuce seedlings, only CPA-H (15) exhibited strong growth inhibitory activity to radicles and hypocotyls at IC_<50>=0.62mM, and 0.83mM, respectively, further, 1 showed second activity IC_<50>=1.6mM, and 0.24mM, respectively. The cytotoxic activities of the several cryptoporic acids was also evaluated in preliminary cell proliferation assay (WST-1 assay) to HeLa cell, only 9 showed strong and 8 moderate activity at 25μM.
    Download PDF (1203K)
  • Yasuhisa FUKUTA, Norifumi SHIRASAKA, Chiyo IKENAGA, Mizuho KUSUDA, Mas ...
    Article type: Article
    2013 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages 123-128
    Published: October 31, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Profiling of cellulases (endo-type cellulase, exo-type cellulase, and β-glucosidase) of Tremella fuciformis and Hypoxylon truncatum were carried out using crude enzymes from these two microorganisms cultured in sawdust-rice bran medium. Specific activity of the crude enzyme from T. fuciformis toward cellulose powder, Avicel, and p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside was 13.5, 35.9, and 47.6U/mg, respectively. The enzyme did not act on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The crude enzyme from H. truncatum acted toward all substrates tested. Endo-type cellulase from H. truncatum was purified to homogeneity and its enzymatic properties were characterized. Following filtration and centrifugation, the enzyme solution was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, heat treatment, ion exchange chromatography, and gel chromatography. Its molecular weight was estimated as 46,000 by SDS-PAGE and 41,000 by gel chromatography, which suggested that the native enzyme is active as a monomer. The enzyme was stable at 60℃ and pH 5.0-6.0. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed cellotetraose, cellopentaose, and cellohexaose, but did not degrade cellobiose or cellotriose. These results suggested that endo-type cellulase from H. truncatum can provide short cellooligosaccharides such as cellobiose, cellotriose, and cellotetraose to compensate for the slight or absent endo-cleavage of the T. fuciformis cellulase system during co-cultivation of these two fungi.
    Download PDF (5527K)
  • Takashi KIMURA, Kyosuke YAMAMOTO, Yoshihiro NISHIKAWA
    Article type: Article
    2013 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages 129-132
    Published: October 31, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To our knowledge, this is the first study in which the antitumor effect of the mycelia of Sparassis crispa was investigated. The antitumor effect of the mycelia and the fruit body were evaluated following oral administration at a dose of 30mg/kg/day to tumor-bearing ICR mice for 15 days. Tumor size was measured for 4 weeks, whilst tumor weight was determined at week 5. The consecutive ingestion of S. crispa fruit body powder significantly suppressed tumor growth, while no such activity was observed on ingestion of the mycelial powder. The percentage of tumor weight inhibition was about 50% in the fruit body group, while a slight suppressive effect was observed in the mycelial group. The results of methylation analysis suggested that the structure of the β-glucan obtained from the mycelia differed markedly from that of the β-glucan obtained from the fruit body. The intergroup difference in antitumor activity might be attributable to the structure and content of β-glucan, which is the putative active component.
    Download PDF (499K)
  • Yasuaki MURAKAMI
    Article type: Article
    2013 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages 133-138
    Published: October 31, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Pest control methods for the fungus gnat, Mycetophila ishiharai, were developed to prevent damage to the bottle-cultivated mushroom species, Flammulina velutipes. Fungus gnats were found to reproduce on the wild fruiting bodies of Flammulina velutipes and Pleurotus ostreatus, as well as on fruiting bodies that had been discarded in the vicinity of the cultivation facility. Despite the presence of adult gnats outside the entrance of the sprouting room and around the ventilation equipment in the morning and at dusk, no gnats were visible at these locations during the daytime. Further, there was no evidence of reproduction in the cultivation facility. It is considered that fungus gnats emerging on wild Flammulina velutipes and Pleurotus ostreatus locate and then reproduce on fruiting bodies of Flammulina velutipes that have been discarded in the vicinity of the cultivation facility, and that they then manage to access the cultivation facility. Damage by fungus gnats could potentially be reduced by: (1) ceasing the disposal of waste fruiting bodies around the cultivation facility to prevent gnat emergence; (2) installing double doors at the entrance and covering the vent openings with fine netting to prevent gnats from entering the sprouting room, and restricting human access to the sprouting room to the day-time hours when the fungus gnats are least active; (3) installing an attract-and-kill trap in the sprouting room to kill adult fungus gnats in the event that they enter the sprouting room.
    Download PDF (8108K)
feedback
Top