JOURNAL OF MASS COMMUNICATION STUDIES
Online ISSN : 2432-0838
Print ISSN : 1341-1306
ISSN-L : 1341-1306
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Volume 49
Displaying 1-29 of 29 articles from this issue
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  • The Media and Democracy in the Community(<Special Emphasis I.Local Media and Politics>)
    Mitsuru UCHIDA
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 49 Pages 3-13,236
    Published: July 31, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24460/mscom.49.0_3
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The development of the study of the media in politics is rather a recent phenomenon in political science, although the implications of the media for democracy were noted by J.Bryce and W.Lippmann in the early 1920s. The fact still remains, however, that studies in the media in politics have been mostly with a focus on the electoral process. In this regard, the study of the condition of the media in the community process is badly needed in Japan, where the local media are generally very weak. The revitalization of the political functions of the media in the community is more essential today in the face of the fast developing teledemocracy.
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  • The Roles of Newspaper in Local Government Politics(<Special Emphasis I.Local Media and Politics>)
    Wataru MURAKAWA
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 49 Pages 14-24,236
    Published: July 31, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24460/mscom.49.0_14
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Local newspapers have pretty big influense on local government. Through this report I would like to present some analysis on the influenses of the Hokkaido Shimbun's daily coverage, especially the intensive campaign against "the perks heaven" of the Hokkaido prefectural government officials who had misappropriated huge ammount of tax payers' money. I intend to review desirable relations between the local government and newspapers, also urge decentralization of power through our campaign.
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  • The Networkization of TV and the Reporting of Local Politics(<Special Emphasis I.Local Media and Politics>)
    Yasuhiro IYOTA
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 49 Pages 25-35,235
    Published: July 31, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24460/mscom.49.0_25
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    The increased demand by viewers for news reporting led to the advent of "the age of reporting" in the TV world. News programs became the main arena in the ratings competition, and the networks all competed in improving and expanding their news-reporting apparatuses in the attempt to strengthen their news programs. At the same time, the advent of "the regional age" led to an increased need for local news reporting by regional TV stations, especially of political news directly related to the daily lives of local citizens. A tendency can also be observed for the success of local news programs to raise the overall ratings of the station. However, size limitations on news-reporting staff have meant that most local stations are faced with the dilemma of being unable to carry out adequate news-reporting activities.
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  • TV New Sources and Channels in Japan : A Comparative Analysis of NHK and Commercial Broadcasters
    Gwangho E
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 49 Pages 82-95,232
    Published: July 31, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24460/mscom.49.0_82
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    This study explores the use of sources and channels in network evening news programs in Japan. For the purpose of research, a content analysis was conducted using videotaped reports from evening news programs of NHK and 4 major commercial networks. The unit of analysis was the televised news sourse, defined as "any individual, group, or organization attributed by journalists as a source of information or opinion". In accordance with the findings of previous studies, this study found that governmental sources dominate news sources and that more news originating from routine channels are used in both NHK and commercial TV networks. There were, however, significant differences in sourcing patterns between NHK and commercial broadcasters.
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  • TV Program Watching as Socially Accomplished Practices : An Ethnomethodological Approach
    Kayo UETANI
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 49 Pages 96-109,232
    Published: July 31, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24460/mscom.49.0_96
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    The purpose of this paper is to explicate the activities that audience actually achieve in watching TV. In so doing, I would like to offer a new perspective for the study of mass communications. First, I reconsider the "text-reader" framework by which interpretive activities of audience have been studied. Second, by reference to research by D.Smith, I try to review this subject-object dichotomy. And last, I demonstrate how TV program-watching is actually organized as categorization practices. In conclusion, TV program watching is language-use activity or social activity.
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  • An Exploratory Study of the Characteristics of Communication and the Using Activities in Computer Communication
    Kwan-Kyu KIM
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 49 Pages 110-127,231
    Published: July 31, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24460/mscom.49.0_110
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    This paper focuses on three main problems related to the use of electronic bulletin board(NIFTY-Serve). First, I investigate the impact of using electronic bulletin boards on other communication activities. Second, I explore the motives for using an electronic bulletin board, particularly the differences in motives among three user groups which are divided by their attitudes toward the electronic bulletin board. Thirdly, what image of the sources do users perceive through an anonymous commnication situation in which only messages are exchanged? People who use the electronic bulletin board view television much less than the average Japanese viewer. The high-attitude group is associated with more instrumental using motives than the low-attitude group. Factor analysis produced three independent dimensions for evaluating the image of message sources.
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  • Mass Media and Language Policy under the Developmentalist System : the Case of Malaysia
    Tagayasu NAITO
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 49 Pages 128-142,231
    Published: July 31, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24460/mscom.49.0_128
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Malaysia is a pluralistic society which consists of three major racial groups, the Malay, the Chinese and the Indians who each keep their own language. In recent studies, however, the essential language problem in this society is based on a class structure which crosses racial lines. That is, English for the elite, and the other languages for the non-elite which include Malay, the national language. The mass media are also in the arena of this conflict. In this paper, the English media are shown to be gaining strength in response to the context of "Vision 2020" announced by Prime Minister Dr.Mahatir. "Vision 2020" is intended to enable this country to catch up with developed countries on the media scene as a clear manifestation of the elite's efforts to keep up with the international information market.
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  • The Japanese Colonial Government of Korea and Its Propaganda Policy, 1920-1945.
    Soone PARK
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 49 Pages 143-160,230
    Published: July 31, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24460/mscom.49.0_143
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    After the Korean Movement for Independence arose in 1919, the Japanese Colonial Goverment of Korea set up the Korean Information Committee in 1920 and began propaganda for the purpose of alleviating the Korean people's antipathy toward Japanese colonial rule and criticism by Japanese of the colonial policy in Korea. The Korea Information Committee was the model for the Cabinet Information Committee in Japan, which was set up in 1936, in regard to the type of committee system and the composition of the secretariat. Both the committees were under the jurisdiction of the cabinet secretary. The Japanese Colonial Government issued a pamphlet called "Tsuho", which was the Korean version of the "Shuho", a national policy pamphlet published in Japan. Just like the "Shuho", the "Tsuho" aimed at mobilizing the Korean people for war. But the latter was different from the former in the way it used visuals.
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  • Influence of TV on childlen's prosocial behavior : A review of research
    Reiko YAMASHITA
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 49 Pages 161-179,230
    Published: July 31, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24460/mscom.49.0_161
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The research literature on the influence of TV on children's prosocial behavior is reviewed. Quite a lot of research in this field was carried out in the 1970s, mainly in the United States, and it produced significant knowledge acquired through laboratory and field experiments. In the 1980s, while the amount of research has decreased, the research trend has moved in three directions: (1) to identify and apply mediating variables to amplify prosocial influences; (2) to assess the effects of viewing television on subsequent prosocial behaviors in natural settings; (3) to identify television prosocial behavior via content analysis of TV programs.
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