マイコトキシン
Online ISSN : 1881-0128
Print ISSN : 0285-1466
ISSN-L : 0285-1466
1989 巻, 29 号
選択された号の論文の7件中1~7を表示しています
  • 久米 光
    1989 年 1989 巻 29 号 p. 1-4
    発行日: 1989/06/30
    公開日: 2009/08/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    10万種~20万種とも目されている真菌類によって惹起されるヒトの疾病のうち,とくに今後に問題を残している疾患は真菌感染症,なかでも内臓真菌感染症(内臓真菌症)と真菌中毒症の二つと思われる.ここでは,内臓真菌症の現状とその診断や治療に関連して,とくに現在問題となっている事柄に対する幾つかの知見を主軸に,マイコトキシンに関する研究との関連に触れながら概述し,最後にマイコトキシンに関連した,多少の実験成績を示したい.
  • 小崎 道雄
    1989 年 1989 巻 29 号 p. 5-11
    発行日: 1989/06/30
    公開日: 2010/02/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    微生物のはたらきによる有用な物質の生産は周知のように簡単な系で複雑な物質を生産する利点がある.例えば醸造物では酒類や味噌,醤油とその類似調味食品の製造,またアミラーゼやプロテアーゼなどの酵素やβラクタム系抗生物質の生産などが挙げられる.これらを化学合成によって製造を試みると不可能であるか,多くの装置を必要とする.しかし微生物を活用すれば1,2の工程で容易に,しかも夾雑物の少ない純度の高い物質が得られる. このような特長をもつ微生物工業または発酵食品工業を行なうのに重要なことは,まず最適の微生物を探索育種して使用しなければならないことである.すなわち目的とする有用物質を効率よく,しかも多量に生産する新規の微生物を,保存菌株または自然界から新たに探索することが不可欠である.分離取得した優良株は,さらに紫外線照射や薬剤処理によって変異株を作製し,または遺伝子工学的手法を用いて株の改良を行ない,生産性を高めた微生物に改良育種をする.作出された優良改良株は菌体固定または増殖固定など,いわゆるバイオリアクターによって大量生産への展開が計られる. 以上のように新規有用微生物の探索,分離および微生物の改良育種,つづいて生体触媒としての固定化,の3段階によって微生物工業の展開が行なわれる.後者の2つの分野はこの20年間に著しい進展があって幾つもの成果があげられた.例えば異性化糖の生成酵素の生産を高めたり,チーズ製造に重要な凝乳酵素レンニンを大腸菌によって製造させようとするなど数多くみられるようになった.しかし,これら進展の基礎になっているのは,はじめに自然界から取得された機能性の高い微生物であることは言をまたない.言い換えれば微生物の探索こそ新しい微生物活用の物質生産研究の要である.
  • Duangehan. UYAKUL, 磯部 稔, 後藤 俊夫
    1989 年 1989 巻 29 号 p. 13-19
    発行日: 1989/06/30
    公開日: 2009/08/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The positive Fast Atom Bombardment (FAB) tandem mass spectrometry as an effective technique was applied for identification and confirmation of 20 mycotoxins such as aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2, and sterigmatocystin and its related toxins. The f ab ms/ms technique demonstrated to be a good method for analyzing these mycotoxins with less than one microgram. It resolved complex mixture of mycotoxins even with the same molecular weight.
  • 堀江 義一, 宮治 誠, 西村 和子, 田口 英昭, 山口 英世, 宇田川 俊一
    1989 年 1989 巻 29 号 p. 21-26
    発行日: 1989/06/30
    公開日: 2009/08/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    A mycotoxicological survey on soil-borne Emericella collected from 369 soil samples from 10 areas in Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay and Venezuela, was carried out. Emericella spp. were isolated by using soil-plate method on Czapek's agar, incubating the plates at 37°C for 14 days. A higher occurrence of Emericella spp. was generally demonstrated in the soil samples of grassland and wasteland, which were collected from Botucatu in Brazil, Cartagena in Colombia, and Coro and Merida in Venezuela. The Emericella isolates were identified with E. acristata, E. dentata, E. echinulata, E. nidulans var. lata, E. nidulans var. nidulans, E. quadrilineata and E. rugulosa. For the 61 isolates assigned to 6 species and one variety of Emericella, the ability to produce sterigmatocystin (STG) and its related metabolites, such as norsolorinic acid and versicolorins, was examined on rice cultures at 25°C for 21 days. Moldy rice was extracted with ethyl acetate, and STG and its related metabolites in the extracts were confirmed by thin-layer chromatography. As the results, the following STG producers were found: E. acristata, E. dentata, E. echinulata, E. nidulans var. lata, E. nidulans var. nidulans, E. quadrilineata and E. rugulosa. The production of norsolorinic acid and versicolorin B and/or C was confirmed on the following species: E. acristata, E. dentata, E. nidulans var. lata, E. nidulans var. nidulans, E. quadrilineata and E. rugulosa. The norsolorinic acid production of Emericella spp. has been demonstrated for the first time.
  • 町田 幸子, 岡崎 博, 鶴田 理
    1989 年 1989 巻 29 号 p. 27-30
    発行日: 1989/06/30
    公開日: 2009/08/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    To evaluate the safety of imported cereals in 1988 for mycotoxin contamination, the survey of 18 samples of buckwheat from the U.S.A., Canada and China, and 20 samples of wheat from the U.S.A. and Canada was carried out on mycotoxin analyses (aflatoxins for the buckwheat, and nivalenol and deoxynivalenol for the wheat, respectively), fungal infection, germinability and water activity (aw). None of the buckwheat samples showed aflatoxin contamination, but 8 samples of the wheat were positive for nivalenol and/or deoxynivalenol with the levels of trace to 40 μg/kg. Major isolates of fungi from the buckwheat and the wheat samples were Alternaria spp. as one of the common field fungi. Only a few storage fungi such as Eurotium spp. and Aspergillus flavus (non-aflatoxigenic) were detected but the level of their frequency occurrence was very low. The aw ranges of the samples were 0.4 to 0.7, mostly less than aw minima (0.65-0.70) for growth of the common storage fungi. Results of these examinations substantiate the need for : (1) implementing a routine moni-taring system for the Fusarium toxins in imported cereals, especially in wheat, and (2) properly controlling water contents of the post-imported cereals.
  • 伊藤 恵美子, 寺尾 清
    1989 年 1989 巻 29 号 p. 31-32
    発行日: 1989/06/30
    公開日: 2010/02/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effects of aflatoxin B1 (af B1) on hepatocytes of fetus and suckling rats were studied electron microscopically. Until 4-day-old, of B1 did not cause any discernible change in the hepatocyte nucleoli. A decrease of the relative size of the nucleoli first appeared at the age of day 6. During the first 4 days after birth, the quantity of SER as well as RER in the hepatocytes was less than that of the adult hepatocytes. Therefore, it may be postulated that the sensitivity of premature hepatocytes to af B1 is closely related with the development of SER and RER.
  • 小林 隆志, 山村 久, 加藤 珠実, 林 琢磨, 大坪 浩一郎, 仲村 賢一, 芝 紀代子, 上野 芳夫
    1989 年 1989 巻 29 号 p. 33-35
    発行日: 1989/06/30
    公開日: 2010/02/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to investigate whether the dietary NIV modulates the development of carcinogenesis, one week old C57BL/C3H F1 mice were treated with a single i.p. injection of 6 mg/kg of AFB1, and 6 weeks thereafter the diets containing 0, 6 or 12 ppm NIV were fed for 65 weeks. All the male mice i. p. injected with AFB1 developed liver tumor, and that incidence was not altered by feeding of NIV-containing diet. While in the female, the incidence of hepatic tumor in the control, AFB1 alone, AFB1 6 or 12 ppm NIV groups counted for 0, 31, 20 and 0%, respectively. These findings suggested that NIV possesses an ability to depress the incidence of AFB1-initiated hepatocellular carcinogenesis at the promotion stage in female mice.
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