マイコトキシン

フグ毒研究の現状

野口玉雄

1991 年 1991 巻 33 号 p. 1-5
発行日: 1991/06/30
公開日: 2009/08/04

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2520/myco1975.1991.1

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フグ毒(TTX)研究は毒の動物界における分布が広がるにつれ,毒の来源,毒化機構の解明,更に毒保有動物におけるTTXの存在意義にまで広げられた.Vibrio属を含め多くの海洋細菌がTTXの産生者であることが分かったが,この毒がどのようにしてフグに蓄積されるか,その機構は今後の研究課題である.

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中国湖南省における日本住血吸虫症をめぐって

小山力

1991 年 1991 巻 33 号 p. 7-10
発行日: 1991/06/30
公開日: 2009/08/04

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2520/myco1975.1991.7

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中国における穀類のFusariumトキシン汚染

〓雪云

1991 年 1991 巻 33 号 p. 11-15
発行日: 1991/06/30
公開日: 2009/08/04

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2520/myco1975.1991.11

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神奈川県内の畑地土壌中におけるAspergillus flavusの分布とaflatoxin産生性

高橋孝則, 尾上洋一, 藤沢倫彦, 森實

1991 年 1991 巻 33 号 p. 17-24
発行日: 1991/06/30
公開日: 2009/08/04

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2520/myco1975.1991.17

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The distribution and aflatoxin productivity of Aspergillus flavus in field soils in Kanagawa Prefecture were investigated. A, flavus was isolated from 13 samples (8.1%) out of 160 total soil samples collected in 13 municipalities. The population of A. flavus detected in the soil samples ranged from 10 to 1, 300 CFU/g of soil. Out of 19 isolates of A, flavus, 3 strains from 3 soil samples collected in Hadano, Tsukui and Fujisawa produced aflatoxins on rice. Four strains out of 19 additional strains re-isolated from a soil sample collected in Yokohama, in which the highest population (1, 300 CFU/g) of A. flavus was found, produced a detectable amount of aflatoxins B₁ and B₂ on coconut agar, peanut agar, peanuts and trilaurin-added rice, while did not produce on rice, yeast extract-sucrose broth and sucrose-low salts broth.

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Chaetomium gracileより産生されるnaphthopyroneマイコトキシンchaetochromin Aによるミトコンドリアの膨潤化誘起作用

河合清, 森悟, 久田和夫, 野澤義則, 小山清隆, 名取信策

1991 年 1991 巻 33 号 p. 25-29
発行日: 1991/06/30
公開日: 2009/08/04

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2520/myco1975.1991.25

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Chaetochromin A, a bis (naphtho-γ-pyrone) mycotoxin produced by Chaetomiur gracile was examined for the induction of mitochondrial swelling using isolated rat heart and liver mitochondria. Chaetochromin A induced a marked swelling of both heart and liver mito-chondria suspended in isotonic KCl or sucrose solution, implying a possibility of direct injurious action of chaetochromin A to mitochondria in vivo. The swelling was not induced by chaeto-chromin A in the presence of magnesium ion.

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Chaetochromin Aおよび関連化合物によるミトコンドリア呼吸阻害作用

河合清, 久田和夫, 森悟, 野澤義則, 小山清隆, 名取信策

1991 年 1991 巻 33 号 p. 31-35
発行日: 1991/06/30
公開日: 2009/08/04

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2520/myco1975.1991.31

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Chaetochromin A and related bis (naphtho-γ-pyrone) mycotoxins, cephalochromin and ustilaginoidin A, were examined for the injuring effects on mitochondrial respiration by using isolated rat liver mitochondria to gain insight into the molecular mechanism for their in vivo toxicity. These three mycotoxins were revealed to inhibit the ATP synthesis in mitochondria by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation and depressing state 3 respriration of mitochondria, which may be closely concerned in their cytotoxicity and in vivo toxicity to animals. The correlation between the uncoupling effect of chaetochromin A and its induction of mitochondrial swelling is discussed.

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小麦,大麦および小麦粉におけるフザリウムトキシンの汚染実態調査

藤沢倫彦, 尾上洋一, 森實, 松崎稔, 広武豊, 西猛, 笠間保一, 宮代〓嗣

1991 年 1991 巻 33 号 p. 37-39
発行日: 1991/06/30
公開日: 2009/08/04

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2520/myco1975.1991.37

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The occurrence of deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and zearalenone (ZEN) was surveyed with domestic wheat, barley and wheat flours produced from domestic and imported wheat grains. Among the 31 samples examined, 4 wheat and 5 barley samples were positive for NW and 2 wheat samples were positive for DON. Neither ZEN nor multiple contamination of Fusarium toxins was detected in tested samples. Fusarium graminearum isolated from a wheat sample which was contaminated with NIV produced NIV on polished rice.

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Chaetomium属数種のマイコトキシン産生

小山清隆, 高橋邦夫, 名取信策, 宇田川俊一

1991 年 1991 巻 33 号 p. 40-43
発行日: 1991/06/30
公開日: 2009/08/04

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2520/myco1975.1991.40

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Chetomin was isolated from Chaetomium angustispirale, and chaetoviridin A and chaeto-globosin F were isolated from C. subafine. From C. longicolleum, three new related to aflatoxin biosynthesis, and eight known metabolites were isolated : the former were sterigmatocystin hemiacetal acetate (8), 1', 4'-diacetylversiconol (11) and 1'-acetylversiconol (13), and the latter were sterigmatocystin, averufin, versicolorin B, nidurufin, dihydrosterigmatocystin, sterigmatocystin hemiacetal, 4'-acetyl versiconol (versiconol acetate) and versiconol.

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アフラトキシンB₁誘発ラット肝癌細胞が産生する神経分化誘導因子の特異性について

田中恵利子, 赤荻幸太郎, 平野直光, 田代文夫

1991 年 1991 巻 33 号 p. 44-48
発行日: 1991/06/30
公開日: 2010/02/04

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2520/myco1975.1991.44

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As observed previously in the conditioned medium (CM) of Kagura-2 cells, CM prepared from Kagura-1 cells, the another cell line of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁)-induced hepatoma, also contains very active neuronal differentiation factor(s) which convert PC12 cells to the sympathetic neuron-like cells. The factor(s) detected in Kagura-1 cell-CM are inactivated by heat, trypsin, acetic acid and dithiothreitol. Molecular weights of the factor (s) are ranging from 6, 000 to 14, 000 Da. These facts indicate that the factor(s) detected in Kagura-1 cell-CM are very similar or identical to those of Kagura-2 cells. In contrast, CM obtained from H4-II-E cells, one of the minimal deviation rat hepatomas, shows only slight activity for the neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells, although the cell extract contains the very active factor(s) as detected in those of AFB₁-induced hepatomas. The synthetic activities of the factor(s) in Balb/3T3, 3Y1, IMR-32 and HeLa cells are negligible except for NRK cells. The present data strongly suggest that the neuronal differentiation factor(s) are constitu-tively produced in rat hepatoma cells involving the minimal deviation H4-II-E cells, and secreted extracellularly in the AFBI-induced hepatoma cell lines.

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