Mycoscience
Online ISSN : 1618-2545
Print ISSN : 1340-3540
48 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の11件中1~11を表示しています
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  • Rinka Yokoyama, Baharuddin Salleh, Daiske Honda
    2007 年 48 巻 6 号 p. 329-341
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2023/03/31
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    The genus Ulkenia is characterized by the naked protoplast stage within its life cycle. However, the 18S rRNA gene tree clearly shows that this genus is not a natural taxon, because our own isolates and reported strains separately form four well-supported monophyletic groups. These four groups are clearly distinguishable by their profiles of polyunsaturated fatty acids and carotenoid pigments and cell and colony morphology, e.g., persistence of sporangial wall, manner of the cell cleavage at the zoospore formation, and development of the ectoplasmic nets. Therefore, the four groups are assigned to four genera including three new genera, i.e., Ulkenia sensu stricto, Botryochytrium, Parietichytrium, and Sicyoidochytrium gen. nov.

  • Haruki Takahashi
    2007 年 48 巻 6 号 p. 342-357
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2023/03/31
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    Eight new species of the genus Mycena (Agaricales) found on dead leaves or twigs in warm temperate lowland forests are described and illustrated from central Honshu, Japan: (1) Mycena fonticola sp. nov. (section Fragilipedes); (2) Mycena intersecta sp. nov. (section Fragilipedes); (3) Mycena lanuginosa sp. nov. (section Fragilipedes); (4) Mycena mustea sp. nov. (section Fragilipedes); (5) Mycena multiplicata sp. nov. (section Mycena); (6) Mycena nidificata sp. nov. (section Hiemales); (7) Mycena fuscoaurantiaca sp. nov. (section Fragilipedes); and (8) Mycena clariviolacea sp. nov. (section Fragilipedes).

  • Mizuho Kusuda, Mitsuhiro Ueda, Yasuhito Konishi, Katsuji Yamanaka, Tak ...
    2007 年 48 巻 6 号 p. 358-364
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2023/03/31
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    We studied the characteristics of the utilization of carbohydrate substrates and the production of those hydrolyzing enzymes of the Tricholoma matsutake J-1 strain isolated from hardwood (Quercus sp.). In the culture medium, 5% glucose inhibited mycelial growth. The growth inhibition rate was remarkable in the Z-1 strain from softwood (Pinus densiflora) compared with that of the J-1 strain from hardwood. α-Amylase production varied with starches from different origins in contrast to mycelial growth. The range of the effect of 0.5%–15% soluble starch on vegetative mycelial growth was also investigated. The optimal concentration for mycelial growth was 15% for the J-1 strain but 10% for the Z-1 strain. Mycelial growth of the J-1 strain was strongly inhibited in PMML medium containing Sunpeal- CP prepared from sulfite pulp softwood waste, but that of the Z-1 strain was not inhibited by Sunpeal-CP. Moreover, mycelial growth of the J-1 strain from Quercus sp. dramatically decreased with the addition of CNF-HWSF (hot watersoluble fractions from corn fiber) to the PMML and PDL medium. However, inhibition by CNF-HWSF was not shown in the Z-1 strain from P. densiflora.

  • Yoshie Terashima, Azusa Fujiie
    2007 年 48 巻 6 号 p. 365-372
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2023/03/31
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    Symptoms of fairy rings caused by Lepista sordida have been reported on Zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) turf maintained at fairway height (2 cm), but not on bentgrass (Agrostis spp.) maintained at putting green height (0.5 cm). The mycelia of this fungus inhabit primarily the upper 0–2 cm layer of the soil extending into the thatch. To compare conditions for the mycelial growth in Z. matrella turf to those in A. palustris turf, we examined the effects of nutrients, temperature, water potential, and pH in the field as well as in the laboratory. Greater growth of the mycelia was observed in medium that included hot water extracts from soil of the 0–1 cm zone in Z. matrella turf compared to that from A. palustris. The upper soil layer in Z. matrella turf contained more organic matter from clippings than that in A. palustris. The temperature and water potential of the 0–2 cm soil zone in Z. matrella turf were also more favorable for the mycelial growth. The soil pH values of this zone in Z. matrella turf were less favorable compared to A. palustris but within the range for accelerating mycelial growth.

  • Donald T. Wicklow, Cesaria E. McAlpin, Quee Lan Yeoh
    2007 年 48 巻 6 号 p. 373-380
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2023/03/31
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    DNA fingerprinting was performed on 64 strains of Aspergillus oryzae and 1 strain of Aspergillus sojae isolated from soy sauce factories within Malaysia and Southeast Asia that use traditional methods in producing “tamari-type” Cantonese soy sauce. PstI digests of total genomic DNA from each isolate were probed using the pAF28 repetitive sequence. Strains of A. oryzae were distributed among 32 genotypes (30 DNA fingerprint groups). Ten genotypes were recorded among 17 A. oryzae isolates from a single soy sauce factory. Genotypes Ao-46 and GTAo-47, represented by 8 and 5 strains, respectively, were isolated from a soy sauce factory in Kuala Lumpur and factories in two Malaysian states. Four strains of GTAo-49, isolated from three soy sauce factories in Malaysia; each produced sclerotia. Two strains were found to be naturally occurring color mutants of NRRL 32623 (GTAo-49) and NRRL 32668 (GTAo-52). Only two fingerprint matches were produced with the 43 DNA fingerprint groups in our database, representing A. oryzae genotypes from Japan, China, and Taiwan. Aspergillus sojae NRRL 32650 produced a fingerprint matching GTAo-9, the only known genotype representing koji strains of A. sojae. No aflatoxin was detected in broth cultures of these koji strains as determined by TLC.

  • Masaki Fukuda, Yoshimi Mori, Akiyoshi Yamada
    2007 年 48 巻 6 号 p. 381-387
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2023/03/31
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    Genetic differences between 36 Pholiota aurivella wild isolates collected from 13 decayed logs of Salicaceae trees distributed along about 1200 m of a streambed in a forest were characterized by somatic incompatibility and mating tests, and by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). There was a perfect correlation between somatic incompatibility and mating type groups, and isolates could be divided into 15 genets (genetically identical clones). Because the mtDNAs of the 36 wild isolates have 14 different EcoRI RFLP patterns, they likely originated from at least 14 distinct wild strains, indicating that multiple wild strains with distinct genetic compositions coexist in the forest investigated in this study. mtDNA variation of P. aurivella is apparently very high despite the close proximity of sample collection sites within the forest. The territories of single P. aurivella genets within a host log are apparently larger than other nonpathogenic wood-decaying basidiomycetes reported previously, such as Flammulina velutipes and Lentinula edodes.

  • Takashi Shirouzu, Dai Hirose, Seiji Tokumasu
    2007 年 48 巻 6 号 p. 388-394
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2023/03/31
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    For the purpose of determining phylogenetic relationships within the Dacrymycetales, we conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the 28S rRNA gene D1/D2 region using neighbor-joining and maximum-likelihood methods. Although the phylogenetic relationships at higher taxonomic levels were not resolved, we obtained some new information about inter- and intrageneric relationships in this order. Dacrymyces punctiformis formed a clade with Cerinomyces spp., and D. stillatus, D. minor, D. chrysospermus, and D. subalpinus constituted a clade with Guepiniopsis buccina. These clades and other Dacrymyces species were scattered over the Dacrymycetales lineage. The results suggest that Dacrymyces is polyphyletic. Our study suggests that basidiocarp morphology has limited taxonomic value at the generic or familial level and that there is a need for a taxonomic reassessment of this order, including a redescription of Dacrymyces.

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