Mycoscience
Online ISSN : 1618-2545
Print ISSN : 1340-3540
57 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1~9を表示しています
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  • K.N. Anil Raj, K.P. Deepna Latha, Rajan Iyyappan, Patinjareveettil Man ...
    2015 年 57 巻 2 号 p. 90-95
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2023/03/07
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    Rhodophana squamulosa sp. nov. is described from Kerala State, India. Comprehensive description, photographs, and comparisons with phenetically similar species are provided. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nLSU) and the nuclear second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2) gene of the new species were sequenced and generated sequences deposited in the GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of rpb2 gene region supported the generic placement and species validity of the new species. This forms the first record of the genus Rhodophana from India.

  • Michael Jay L. Solis, Thomas Edison Dela Cruz, Martin Schnittler, Mart ...
    2015 年 57 巻 2 号 p. 96-106
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2023/03/07
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    Leaf-inhabiting endophytes belong to a diverse and active group of plant-associated fungi harboured in plant-rich tropical environments. Employing dilution-to-extinction cultivation and ITS sequencing, we assessed species richness, phylogeny and community composition of fungal endophytes within healthy leaves of three Ficus tree species (F. religiosa, F. benjamina, and F. elastica) naturally growing in the two Philippine forest reserves Mt. Makiling in Laguna and Mt. Palay–Palay in Cavite. Apart from a few basidiomycetes (3 orders, 6 genera), fungal isolates were abundantly ascomycetes (11 orders, 16 genera) and predominated by commonly known endophytic genera, such as Pseudocercospora, Phyllosticta, or Penicillium. Phylogenetic analysis revealed Capnodiales and Eurotiales as most OTU-rich clades and suggesting a high potential pathogen load in the investigated trees. Biodiversity analyses further revealed a higher similarity between the fungal species composition in the leaves of F. benjamina and F. elastica than to the one in F. religiosa. The observed higher abundance, species richness and similarity of the fungal community assemblage in the closely related host species F. benjamina and F. elastica, suggests an effect of host identity in structuring fungal endophytes community in the tropics.

  • Takuya Sumita, Kosuke Izumitsu, Chihiro Tanaka
    2015 年 57 巻 2 号 p. 107-117
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2023/03/07
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    Botrytis cinerea is a filamentous ascomycete fungus which is responsible for gray mold disease. In recent studies, autophagy has been shown to be required for various stages of the life cycle of fungi. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of autophagy in biologically and agriculturally significant stages of B. cinerea, conidiation, sclerotial development and plant infection. We identified and disrupted the BcATG1 gene, an ortholog of the yeast autophagy gene ATG1. Disruption of BcATG1 caused sensitivity to nitrogen starvation. In addition, the disruptants showed defects in aerial-hyphal growth, consistent with autophagy-deficient mutants in other filamentous fungal species. These results suggested that BcATG1 is required for the function of autophagy in the fungus. ΔBcATG1 strains also indicated reduction in both two types of conidiation. Especially, the disruptants showed severely impaired macroconidiophore development and resulting drastic reduction in macroconidial production. Under cold conditions, sclerotial development was also affected in the disruptants. In pathogenicity tests, ΔBcATG1 strains formed typical disease symptoms on the host plant. Our results suggested that BcATG1 is required for two types of conidiation and sclerotial development, but not for pathogenicity in B. cinerea.

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  • Yuho Ando, Hayato Masuya, Keiichi Motohashi, Riikka Linnakoski, Yuichi ...
    2015 年 57 巻 2 号 p. 123-135
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2023/03/07
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    This study was conducted to explore the morphological and phylogenetic relationships of the Japanese isolates tentatively identified as the Grosmannia piceiperda complex (Ophiostomatales, Ascomycota; asexual morph = Leptographium s.l.). The phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer 2 and nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA gene regions showed that the Japanese isolates belong to the G. piceiperda complex. The analyses of the partial β-tubulin and translation elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1α) genes separated the species complex into nine and 13 lineages, respectively. Based on the β-tubulin sequences, morphologically distinct groups were included in the same clades. However, based on the EF-1α sequences, these groups could be separated into different lineages. Detailed morphological observations supported this result and confirmed that the Japanese lineages are distinct. Among the 13 recognized lineages, the Japanese isolates were separated into 11 lineages, including G. aenigmatica, G. laricis, G. piceiperda D, as well as eight lineages representing undescribed taxa.

  • Yuh Tzean, Tzi-Ho Chou, Chih-Chun Hsiao, Po-Yao Shu, Jonathan D. Walto ...
    2015 年 57 巻 2 号 p. 136-143
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2023/03/07
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    Plant parasitic nematodes represent a critical threat to global agriculture and ecosystems, and biocontrol methods are becoming increasingly attractive as a means to combat nematode infestation. Nematode-trapping fungi are a potentially useful biocontrol option, but further research to enhance fungal pathogenicity will be needed before deployments are feasible. It is known that nematode-trapping fungi can secrete cuticle-degrading serine proteases, which act as key mediators of virulence against nematodes. Here, we describe the cloning and characterization of the cuticle-degrading serine protease gene, AmSP1, from the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys musiformis. Phylogenetic and selection force analysis revealed a high degree of conservation of the AmSP1 catalytic and binding sites with previously described serine proteases from other nematode-trapping fungi. The dN/dS ratio of all six aligned-nematode-trapping fungi cuticle-degrading serine proteases was less than 1, as was the case of 386 individual codons, suggesting that the cuticle-degrading serine protease gene has undergone purifying selection and is evolutionarily important for this group of fungi.

Short communication
  • Shi-Cheng Shao, Bart Buyck, Xiao-Fei Tian, Pei-Gui Liu, Yan-Hong Geng
    2015 年 57 巻 2 号 p. 144-149
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2023/03/07
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    A new species, Cantharellus phloginus, is reported from subtropical and tropical areas of Yunnan Province, and described in detail. It was distinctive from other species by unique morphological features such as the light pink color of pileus and pinkish tinges on the stipe in contrast to yellow-orange hymenophore, well-developed gill-folds and the ellipsoid basidiospores (7.5–8.5 × 5.0–6.5(–7.0) μm). The new species was further substantiated by phylogenetic analysis of the transcription elongation factor 1-alpha gene sequences that show it to be a sister-species to the North American C. cinnabarinus, the type species of C. subgen. Cinnabarinus.

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