Drug repositioning refers to the discovery of new indications for approved or failed drugs and the application of the newly identified drugs to the management of diseases other than the drug’s intended disease. It reduces the risk of developmental failure, cost, and time of development. In this review, candidate drugs identified so far based on drug repositioning for malignant glioma are summarized.

The diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is commonly obtained via a stereotactic biopsy. The use of radiographic images (CT, MRI, and PET) frequently fails to distinguish PCNSLs from other brain diseases. Flow-cytometry based and cytological analyses of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are useful for the evaluation of leptomeningeal PCNSLs, however, these tests are usually insensitive to focal PCNSLs.

Recently, several useful diagnostic biomarkers in CSF for PCNSL were reported. Among these CSF biomarkers, CSF interleukin-10 (IL-10) and C-X-C motif ligand 13 (CXCL13) are the most promising useful diagnostic biomarkers for PCNSLs. Both CSF IL-10 and CXCL13 have high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing in PCNSL patients, and moreover, the combination IL-10 and CXCL13 is quite highly specific tool for diagnosis of PCNSL. However, there are several problems in these markers. Our goal in this review is to highlight and update the diagnostic biomarkers in CSF for the patients with PCNSLs, and describe future directions.

“Osaka neuropathology conference” was first organized by Dr. Matui T (Osaka Medical College, Neurosurgery) with honorary of Prof. Handa H (Kyoto University, Neurosurgery), Prof. Yonezawa T (Kyoto Prefectural University, Neuropathology), Prof. Tani E (Hyogo University, Neurosurgery), and Dr. Yamashita J (Kyoto University, Neurosurgery), Ushio T (Osaka University, Neurosurgery), Ueda S (Kyoto Prefectural university, Neurosurgery), Kawamoto K (Kansai Medical University, Neurosurgery), Kuroiwa T (Osaka Medical University, Neurosurgery) Katuyama R (Osaka City University, Neurosurgery), Imai T (Kitano Hospital, Neurology) in 1983.

The name changed to “Kinki neuropathology conference” and the office was set up at Department of Neurosurgery, Kansai Medical University from 17th conference in 1988 and the summaries of cases were published in the Journal of Kansai Medical University.

The name of the conference changed to “Kinki brain tumor conference” in 1992.

New representative Prof. Asai, Kansai Medical University, was appointed from 101^st conference in 2011. The journal was referred to the J Stage as an international, electric journal with K. Kawamoto, Editor in chief. Assistant editors in chief were composed of 8 representative from the different regional brain tumor conference through Japan.

Exercise-examination making committee was organized for the Japanese neurosurgical board examination.

We report a rare case of suprasellar granular cell tumor (GCT). A 53-year-old woman presented with visual disturbance of about a year duration. She had general fatigue and poor tolerance of cold weather, and was found to have bitemporal hemianopia by an ophthalmologist. Endocrinological studies revealed slightly elevated serum prolactin and decreased thyroid hormone levels. Plain CT scan and CT angiography showed a hyperdense suprasellar tumor with intense vascularity. MRI showed inhomogenously enhanced tumor above the pituitary gland. The tumor was resected by extended trans-sphenoidal approach. It was extremely vascular tumor, so complete removal was impossible. Postoperative course was complicated with transient consciousness disturbance and diabetes insipidus from which she recovered well. Fourteen months later, she had second surgery from same route for the residual tumor. Histopathological examination revealed a granular cell tumor with positive thyroid transcription factor 1(TTF-1) stain which is common to a pituicytoma and a spindle cell oncocytoma. GCT should be included in the list of the differential diagnosis of unusual suprasellar tumors. Staged extended trans-sphenoidal surgery is useful for this type of very vascular suprasellar tumor.