新地理

The eruption of Mt. Tambora, a famous volcano in Sumbawa Island, Indonesia, in 1815 was one of the most cataclysmic in historical times. Nearly one third of the mountain had been dispersed, thus caused directly and indirecty more than 50, 000 victims. Indeed the disaster is comparable with the eruption of Krakatoa in 1883.
T. S. Raffles, then the governor of Java, recorded many valuable details of this disaster and since then many scientists such as Zollinger, Junghuhn, Bemmelen etc. had paid much attention to the activity of the volcano. Owing to their studies and with the development of modern earth sciences, the process and character of the eruption had now greatly clarified and analized.
In this paper, the author tried to review these records from the sandpoint of historical geography, hoping to recognize the relation between the inhabitants and their environment in this region.

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Sanagijima Island belongs to Tadotsu-cho, Kagawa-ken (Kagawa-prefecture). It is on the Inland Sea of Seto, about 13km north of Tadotsu port. The area of the island is 2.20km². It had about 70ha of a cultivated area in 1916, but the are decreased to about 39ha in 1969. The population of the island was 1493 in 1935, and 595 of them were farmers and 500 of the rest were fishermen. It was an island of agriculture and fishery. Men were occupied in fishing and women, in farming. It had been their custom that men never worked on the field.
About 1935, pyrethrums, sweet potatos, rye, broad beans, radishes, wheat, German millet, soybeans and lilies were cultivated in the island. Pyrethrums, sweet potatos and lilies were shipped out of the island.
After world war II, the island kept on losing population, especially young men in the prime of life got off of the island one after another. As a result, it has become an island of old people. In 1965, the population decreased to 744, and especiallsy, the decrease of fishermen was remarkable. And not it can't be said that it is an island of agriculture and fishery.
As for agriculture, because of famers getting older, crop production was low-ered, an so cultivation for goods has changed into that for self-support. Especially vegetable culture has been increased. These vegetables are sent to their children or grand children who have their home in the city. And their children or grandchildren working in the city will come back to the island for summering. In this way, there is a close relation between parents on the island and their children in the city, and a naw atomosphere of the city is brought into the island.
Fishermen have also gotten older, but they are economically richer than farmers because their fish are sold at a high price. Thus fishery helps economically agriculture that has become like a household vegitable garden.
As both farmers and fishermen got older, their custom has been broken gradually, that is, a husband helps his wife with her farming and a wife helps her husband with his fishing.
In this way, the custom or the life in the island is changing, influenced by the inside and the outside situation.

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