The purpose of this paper is to clarify empirically the structure of child's spatial cognition and perceived amount in the open field, through the drawing of scenery. And analized the development stages of turning ability of object figures from vertical to bird's-eye view, for the purpose of improvement of geographic education in the field of map reading and field work.
For the testee, authors chose pupils of elemementary school from 2nd grade to 6th grade in every two classes. The result of this study are summarized as follows:
1) Total scope of perception is about 10m in 2nd grade, 30m in 3rd and 4th grade, 50m in 5th and 6th grade.
2) In 3rd and 4th grade, perceived objects in number are considerably increased but in the length is not so completed.
3) Development of perceived amount is shows the peak in 3rd grade and 5th grade.
4) In 6th grade, perceiption in amount is mostly completed in height and width. In other hand, on the development speed of turning ability of object figures from vertical to bird's-eye view is different in sex, namely, in the case of boys, the ability is mostly completed in 5th grade, but in the case of girls, the development is stopped in the 3rd grade in low levels.
From these facts, authors could be derived the following conclusion on the field work method in elementary schools.
In the lower and middlie grades, field work is not so efficient. However, in high grades, they must be introduced the comprehensive field work with map reading in open field.

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The author intend to clarify the developmental processes of the complex of localized industry (Jiba-Sangyo) in Matsumoto city, Nagano Prefecture. The results of this study are summarized as follows:
(1) Localized industries in Matsumoto city were founded during the Edo Era when castle town (Jokamachi) were developed. The main ones were such as manufactures of Sake (rice wine), confectionery, Washi (a traditional Japanese handmade papers), wooden buckets, furnitures and so on which are, basically, the products with resources from those local areas. The wholesale dealers developed cotton industry with their capitals by imports of Kuriwata (raw cotton) from advanced areas and subcontract for weaving cotton fabrics because the transportation using by the Chuma-Kotsu (the direct and rapid way of carrying loads with horse back) were increased at the end of eighteenth century. Furthermore, cotton wholesale dealers organized a complex production network for cotton goods, including Watauchiya (willowers), Akaneya (cotton breachers), Somemonoya (dyeing houses). Shitateya (tailors) and so on, in order to manufacture and sell Shibori-Momen (varieagated cottons) and Tabiura (Japanese socks soles).
(2) During Modern Era in Matsumoto city, the spinning industries were developed into the biggest localized industries. Furthermore, the related industries also increased their production. On the other hand, despite the cotton industries, which were main ones since the Edo Era in the area, competed with spinning industries for labor markets, they maintainned their production by mechanization and imports of half made goods. The industries such as makers of wooden products, furnitures, confectionery and Miso (a soybean paste) increased their production since the Taisho Era with their market to Kanto District.
(3) After the World War II, the machine and metal industries mainly non-locally generated capitals were grown up because of changeover from munitions industries to peaceful ones and the policy for invitation of factories to the area. However, the localized industries such as manufactures of foodstuffs, wooden products and furnitures occupied great parts of their products. Especially, a section of processing agricultural products in the foodstuff industry developed recently. Furthermore, the industries manufacturing furnitures and guitars became the influential ones using by techniques of woodworks.
(4) The localized industries in Matsumoto city play an important role in the industries of the region and consist of various kinds of products. However, the industries are made up of very smll scale firms and require to make the best use of traditional techniques by hand. Therefore, part-time workers of house-wives and household side workers, whose wages are very low, play an important role in the industries.

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