Batrachospermum gombakense Kumano et Ratnasabapathy (Batrachospermaceae, Rhodophyta) is reported for the first time from Sabah, Malaysia on the island of Borneo. This species was found attached to submerged rocks and boulders of clear stream waters of Sungai Tabin in the Tabin Wildlife Reserve, Lahad Datu. It is characterized by the following combination of features:(i) Plant dioecious, brownish dark purple, 1-3 cm high, 300-550 cm in diameter, more or less dichotomously branched, not very mucilaginous; (ii) Spermatangia spherical, in clusters on lateral short branchlets at the middle of fascicle or shortened branchlets; (iii )Carpogonium bearing branch arising from pericentral cell ,consisting of 1- 3 pentagonal cells; (iv) Trichogyne inversed conical or club-shaped, indistinctly stalked; and (v) Carposporophytes single, axial, spherical to ellipsoidal, and carposporangia ovoidal. Batrachospermum gombakense is distributed in both Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah, Malaysia in Borneo. This finding contributes to efforts in mapping the distribution of species of the genus Batrachospermum in the Indo-Malaysian North Australian phycogeographical region (IMNAR).

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Beilschmiedia comprises 28 species in the neotropics, but the relationships among the species were not well known because of the similarity in their reproductive morphology. This study employed leaf anatomy including studies of venation patterns, cuticle and leaf sections to discuss the relationships. As a result, five groups are recognized by cuticular characters, and the groups are compatible with the other leaf characters, phyllotaxis and geographic distributions. The five groups are mainly characterized by; 1) alternate leaves, fine venation pattern, epidermal cells with smooth or beaded cell walls, and vascular bundles in the midrib arranged in a ring, 2) opposite leaves, coarse venation pattern, epidermal cells with dotted or granular periclinal walls and mostly branched anticlinal walls, and vascular bundles in the midrib arranged in a ring, 3) opposite leaves, coarse venation pattern, butterfly-shaped stomatal ledges, and vascular bundles in the midrib arranged in a flattened arc, 4) opposite leaves, coarse venation pattern, epidermal cells larger on the adaxial surface than the abaxial surface, and vascular bundles in the midrib arranged in a flattened arc, 5) opposite leaves, coarse venation pattern, boxshaped stomatal ledges, and vascular bundles in the midrib arranged in a flattened arc.

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Beilschmiedia comprises 28 species in the neotropics, but the relationships among the species were not well known because of the similarity in their reproductive morphology. This study employed leaf anatomy including studies of venation patterns, cuticle and leaf sections to discuss the relationships. As a result, five groups are recognized by cuticular characters, and the groups are compatible with the other leaf characters, phyllotaxis and geographic distributions. The five groups are mainly characterized by; 1) alternate leaves, fine venation pattern, epidermal cells with smooth or beaded cell walls, and vascular bundles in the midrib arranged in a ring, 2) opposite leaves, coarse venation pattern, epidermal cells with dotted or granular periclinal walls and mostly branched anticlinal walls, and vascular bundles in the midrib arranged in a ring, 3) opposite leaves, coarse venation pattern, butterfly-shaped stomatal ledges, and vascular bundles in the midrib arranged in a flattened arc, 4) opposite leaves, coarse venation pattern, epidermal cells larger on the adaxial surface than the abaxial surface, and vascular bundles in the midrib arranged in a flattened arc, 5) opposite leaves, coarse venation pattern, boxshaped stomatal ledges, and vascular bundles in the midrib arranged in a flattened arc.

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The sodium polytungstate (3Na2W04 ・ 9W03 ・ H2O) solution (SPT solution) is a nontoxic water-based heavy-liquid medium first introduced in the 1980s. Although this solution has been used in heavy/light mineral separation and in conodont extraction, it has been avoided in bulk chemical analyses of tephra due to the possibility of chemical influence. In order to examine for such complications, we prepared pairs of samples of pure volcanic glass shards from two East African tephra layers. Glass shards were purified either by standard magnetic separation or by using the SPT solution. The major and trace element compositions of the four samples were analyzed by Direct Current Argon Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (DCP-AES). The resultant chemical compositions of the samples derived from each of the two separation methods exhibited remarkable correlation. This confirms that no significant chemical influence occurs with the use of the SPT solution, and thus indicates that the method is applicable to sample preparation for bulk chemical analyses of tephra.

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Additional eight holotypes and 27 paratypes of Hymenoptera described by K. Tsuneki were recently deposited in the collection of MNHAH, and are listed herein.

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Tabin Scientific Expedition 1 and Inventory 1998 was jointly organized by Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) and Sabah Wildlife Department and held at Tabin Wildlife Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia from 12th February to 30th March 1998. Museum of Nature and Human Activitie sH,yogo (MNHAH) participate din the expedition based on an MOU (a memorandum of understanding) exchanged between MNHAH and UMS on 14th June 1997. In this paper an outline of the expedition and a brief information of the research works and some findings by the members of MNHAH are described.

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