Screen printing is applied to various fields, such as electronic parts and plastics. The technology proceeded keeping steps with the multitude and the high accuracy of their fields. For this purpose, there is the introduction of new materials and new techniques in Japan.

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As resist ink for printed circuit boards, screen-printing type of ink was used mainly. As printed circuit boards getting denified and high-functional, photo-imageable type of ink has been increased in use. Liquid photo-imageable solder mask is main stream for industrial boards at present. UV curable screen-printing type of ink has the advantage in productivity and operation efficiency. It will play an important role constantly in the speed-up production line for consumer boards. Thermally curable type of ink has to be improved for aiming high functionality especially for adopting special properties which can not be obtained by using a operationally efficient LPI.

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Screen Printing is able to print images on roundface, curvedface, unevenface such as molded products owing to it's flexibility of the plate. Also, it is applicable to wide range of products by choosing a ink. As for as correct choise standards, some comments including adhesion and fiilm-resistances are described.

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The origin of screen printing traces back to the old days of textile dying. Using textile as material, dying gave birth to multifarious forms of graphic interpretation. Yet, in spite of its long history, the standing of screen printing technology in regard to graphic art reproduction does not seem to be fully appreciated. Present-day graphic art calls for photographic and design originality as well. Finer halftones and delicate line-work are fast becoming the main criteria for judging the technical level of screen printing. How will screen printing cope with these trends is the problem that is confronting us this very day.

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Printing ink is defined as the material which is used to draw the patterns on the substrate by means of printing. In addition to this, there is a category of the ink which is called “Functional ink”. “Functional Ink” has various functions such as: physical functions like optical or electrical properties, chemical functions like chemical resitance or biochemical properties, surface-decorating function that gives special effects to the finish. Functional screen printing inks are introduced according to the applications as follows.

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This paper deals with the problem of compression of high-resolution images using the discrete cosine transform (DCT). It is well known that DCT is a very efficient transformation for compressing digital images. In particular, DCT with 8×8 block size is adopted in the JPEG algorithm. Since the characteristics of an image vary from place to place, it seems to be more efficient to adopt variable block sizes based on an appropriate index for expressing the features. In that case, the index must be simple and suitable for judging the characteristics of images. First, we analyze some properties of the compressed high-resolution images using DCT with block sizes of 4×4, 8×8 and 16×16, respectively. As high-resolution images, 6 pieces of SCID (Standard Colour Image Data) images are used for simulation. Contrary to the widely believed properties, it will be shown that larger block size is not always better than smaller one. In some cases, the block size of 4×4 may be the best. Next, we present a simple and useful index for judging the best block size. This index is very effective for the purpose of image compression. We can determine the best block size using the index from those of 4×4, 8×8 and 16×16. Various kinds of simulation results using the proposed method are compared with those of the conventional fixed block size system. These results show that variable block size system is very useful for the compression of high-resolution images.

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This paper deals with the problem of compression of high-resolution images using the discrete cosine transform (DCT). In part 1 of this paper, we have proposed a new method for compressing high-resolution images using DCT with variable block sizes. Comparing the block sizes of 4×4, 8×8 and 16×16, it is shown that the largest block size is not always the best. In particular, 4×4 will often be more useful than others for obtaining high-quality reconstructed images. The value of adjacent difference is shown to be very effective for the determination of block size. Here, we propose a method for the compression with variable block sizes based on the visual characteristics. A visual sensitivity function is obtained in the spatial frequency domain. The concept of weighted signal-to-noise ratio (WSNR) is introduced using the visual sensitivity function. The WSNR is used instead of SNR for evaluating the reconstructed images. As high-resolution images, 6 pieces of SCID (Standard Colour Image Data) images are used for simulation. Various kinds of simulation results using the WSNR are presented, and they are compared with those using the conventional SNR. These results show that the WSNR is more useful for the compression of high-resolution images. Finally, a new quantization table using the visual characteristics is presented, and the proposed method is extended to high-resolution colour images.

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The extraction of a person using the features of his/her appearances is described. The features are the height and the colors of clothes which the person wears on his/her upper and lower body. These features can accurately be described to other persons. The person region was segmented by the outline of human body and the boundary between persons. The boundary of persons was extracted using the distance from camera to persons, and the distance was obtained from a set of stereo images. A target person was extracted using the appearance features obtained from input images. The extraction method can be applied to the automatic selection of target person among the persons.

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The fundamentals and their technical potentials of electrophotographic imaging process are described in plain style for people in graphic arts field. Each step of imaging process is explained by most advanced technologies.

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