Applications of non-vacuum rapid printing technologies to manufacture of organic photovoltaic cells are reviewed focusing on material preparation and low-temperature coating method in the developments of organic thin photovoltaic cells and dye-sensitized solar cells. Regarding the dye-sensitized solar cell, use of ITO-coated plastic films as electrode substrates is discussed in aspects of conversion efficiency and durability. Conversion efficiency exceeding 6% and durability of 1000h at 60°C with continuous sunlight exposure are obtained. Large-area lightweight full-plastic integrated modules of bifacial photovoltaic ability have been constructed by printing methods, which are capable of DC 110V output under weak diffused light and indoor illumination.

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Thin film Organic photovoltaic (OPV) offers a possibility of low cost, printable, light, and flexibility new type PV device. In this report, I describe the historical review of OPV development at first, and then introduce our new type OPV device. Our new OPV research has been done by collaboration with Tokyo Univ. and Ehime Univ. We demonstrate that a new solution- processable type OPV, using a soluble precursor of a tetrabenzoporphyrin donor and a new fullerene acceptor. Tetrabenzoporphyrin is highly crystalline materialand good semiconductor, but insoluble. We prepare the soluble precursor of a tetrabenzoporphyrin and then converted into tetrabenzoporphyrin as crystalline semiconductor. This device from tetrabenzoporphyrin donor and a new fullerene acceptor can achieve photo conversion efficiency of 5.4%.

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The organic electro-luminescence displays are expected as having the not only higher display quality but also lower power consumption in comparison with LCD's. Furthermore, by applying the printing method, upsizing of the substrate and improvement of the material use efficiency will be realized. This improvement of the production efficiency will lead to big reduction of the energy consumption in the manufacturing processes. Firstly this report will introduce some examples of applications of the printing method to organic electro-luminescence and then shows some data about the relief printing method that we have adopted and properties of our electro-luminescence displays fabricated by this method.

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The fuel cell is a promising next generation source of clean energy. There are many Fuel Cell systems which have been investigated. Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC) is superior to the others. It will soon penetrate the market as long as the quality is improved. Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. (DNP) has successfully developed a catalyst transfer film for manufacturing MEAs which is a key part of PEFC based on our sophisticated printing technologies. We also have established mass production process using roll-to-roll process of the catalyst transfer film. It is expected to bring this technology to fully fledged joint development with many different industries, including automobile and electrical equipment. To establish technology to lower cost and to efficiently mass product is the aim. DNP is looking forward to introducing new products in the line with its market growth.

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Environmental load for printing service has been estimated by qualitative assessment, usage of recycled paper or vegetable oil ink is generally recommended. Nowadays, demand for quantitative assessment is requested by environment conscious companies at front edge, so method of Printing service LCA should be formulated in a hurried manner. Purpose of printing service LCA consists of three subjects. First, environmental load should be calculated as numerical number; it is so called "Mieruka", visualization. Second, original printing service specification should be shifted to DfE (Design for Environment) after assessing LCA result. Third, calculated LCA result could be utilized for carbon offset or carbon foot print which are expected to lead the way to low carbon society by indirect way, In this case study, one hundred thousand of paper box production is evaluated by LCI and LCIA to know which environmental factor should be focused. Three different printing patterns are compared by viewpoint of environment and cost performance. There are findings what sort of printing factor combination is preferred in terms of environment and economy. At the end, future efforts are indicated; there are limitation of LCA method and printing business based on usage of paper. We should try to find second thought about new business model not based on paper immediately.

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