If there is an objective shared by museums, libraries, and archives-groups dedicated to organizing digital archival materials to make them resources for knowledge-it would be the desire to store these digitally archived cultural information resources for public use as "documentary heritage." Museums are characterized by the storage of physical collections of objects. Through the archiving process, those collections might become visible image data, losing the significance of physical storage. However, individual archival collections with metadata spread worldwide are less valuable as network information resources that can be accessed by people outside the museum's geographic region. Libraries, meanwhile, feature literal, two-dimensional collections such as printed media and postal media that can be archived with ease. However, today, libraries tend to manage network media and their major activities are intended to shift to non-literal collections as in museums. Archives also feature original literal collections, but are different from libraries in that they tend to feature all original materials, rather than a combination of original, reproduction, primary, and secondary sources. Consequently, different concepts for collections have inhibited the standardization of metadata formats. However, ongoing developments in networking technology have introduced the conceptual reference model to enable mutual understanding of various collections irrespective of the kind of institutions that gather and preserve these collections.
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