日本印刷学会誌
Online ISSN : 1882-4935
Print ISSN : 0914-3319
ISSN-L : 0914-3319
52 巻, 5 号
選択された号の論文の6件中1~6を表示しています
総説
  • 石川 和男
    2015 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 376-382
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/11/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    There are two urgent issues for Japan at present; one is the suppression and reduction of CO2 and the other is the high cost of installation of renewable energy systems. Japan has set a goal of "26% reduction in the CO2 level compared to that in 2013 before 2030" to counter global warming and is consciously being watched by the world as it seeks to achieve the target. Though it is considered an ambitious target, some pinpoint that Japan could aim high without knowing target of the EU is partly based on benchmark year by past inefficient eastern part of Europe and CO2 emission from Japan accounts for just ∼3% of the total CO2 emissions all over the world. Shifting to renewable energy from fossil fuels is believed to be essential for CO2 reduction; however, solar power centric installation has caused serious problems in terms of defrayment by low-income citizens and small businesses. A specific reform plan for Feed-in-Tariff (FIT) to reduce the burden on the public to the lowest possible level is proposed by restarting nuclear power plants that can pass security verifications.
  • 清水 徹
    2015 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 383-391
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/11/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    Our company suffered large financial damage due to the Lehman Shock in 2008 and adopted cost-cutting measures to escape the financial crisis; however, the emergency measures adopted did not have a significant outcome. Therefore, we focused on the electricity cost, accounting for a large amount of the sales volume, and analyzed the electricity data using "MIERUKA" by visualizing electrical usage in real time to improve the cost performance. Although we were eager to put our plans in to action, we had insufficient practical knowledge about energy-saving skills on site. We then discovered an energy-saving diagnosis program supported by the Energy Conservation Center, which is a governmental institution, that could aid our energy-saving project. We were able to speed up our project because of the Fukushima nuclear power plant disaster followed by the Great East Japan earthquake in 2011. We had an excellent outcome owing to the enthusiastic and continuous effort from our staff at all levels. I describe a part of this improvement process while highlighting the importance of "MIERUKA" for analyzing the electricity data and the environmental load support from the Energy Conservation Center.
  • 熊崎 実
    2015 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 392-396
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/11/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    The Feed-in-Tariff (FIT) scheme for woody biomass was introduced in Japan in 2012. The tariffs are differentiated by the feedstock, i.e., 32 JPY⁄kWh for forest chips, 24 JPY⁄kWh for wood processing residues, and 13 JPY⁄kWh for recycled wood. Up to now, ~116 woody biomass power plants have been approved under the FIT scheme, and the majority has a size of 5 MW or more. However, in recent years, concerns have arisen as to whether there will be a sufficient supply of woody biomass for energy production. In addition, with a higher FIT, feedstock for other purposes will become scarce. For example, the paper and pulp industry is facing serious implications due to the scheme.
  • 杉浦 純
    2015 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 397-404
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/11/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    Replacing gasoline with bioethanol has the potential to reduce some undesirable effects such as climate change and depletion of resources. The demand for bioethanol is increasing worldwide on a continuous basis. The production of ethanol from corn feedstock is often viewed as disadvantageous because it leads to increasing price of food. Therefore, the production of ethanol from non-edible biomass as the feedstock has been attracting interest. However, the relatively high cost of production of cellulosic ethanol prevents its use on a wide scale. Paper waste, as feedstock for bioethanol, is more advantageous in terms of seasonality and collection than agricultural and forestry waste. Paper waste has a good potential for cost reduction and enhanced production efficiency. For example, the cost of enzymes used for saccharification of copy paper can be decreased drastically by recycling the enzymes. However, enzyme recycling can be affected by contaminants such as the chemicals used for paper processing and plastics contained in paper waste. In order to commercialize the production of ethanol from paper waste, it is necessary to either develop systems for the segregation and collection of suitable paper waste for enzymatic saccharification or develop techniques to remove the contaminants prior to saccharification.
論文
  • 内藤 郁夫, 長谷川 由美子, 芝木 儀夫
    2015 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 405-422
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/11/15
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
    Developments in music printing by letterpresses were studied using several historical scores, i.e., score I printed by Gardano in Venice in 1575, score II printed by Gardano in Venice in 1679, score III printed by Ch. Ballard in Paris in 1679, score IV printed by Endter in Nuremberg in 1682, score V printed by F. Heptinstall in London in 1697, and score VI printed by Breitkopf & H ä rtel in Leipzig in 1799. Score I was printed using fonts similar to those invented by Ottaviano dei Petrucci in 1525. About 100 years after score I was printed, there were many differences in the scores in different cities (score II to V). The differences were studied to develop the next font, a mosaic-type font. Finally, the characteristics and typesetting of the mosaic-type font were clarified using score VI.
  • 石崎 雅也, 中野 朋之, 小菅 篤, 鈴木 貴, 吉本 孝士, 池本 幸資, 神代 宗信
    2015 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 423-428
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/11/15
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
    The appearance of white dots (vessel picking) is one of the problems associated with offset printing. The complaint on white dots of UV offset printing was made against the commercial coated paper that its quality on surface strength was enough to printing with normal oil-based ink. We tried to establish an evaluation method to clarify the effect of printing conditions and to develop a solution to the white dots. As a result, we found that we should use high tack UV ink under low temperature, because the tack of UV ink is much higher than that of oil-based ink under low room temperature. We discovered that the printing speed is also affected by low temperature. The surface roughness of the rubber blanket for offset printing influenced the appearance of white dots, and we confirmed that this was caused by the difference of the paper from the blanket by observation with a printing tester. The grain of paper affected the white dots as well. We assumed this was due to the bonding strength of the vessels to pulp fibers, which showed anisotropic characteristics depending on the grain. We concluded that one of the most important control factors, which was liable to variation, was room temperature. Furthermore, it was thought to be effective to use a rough blanket and short grain paper.
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