This is a methodology in studying the history of public entertainments communities from the point of view that they are the products of communities rather than those of individuals. Communities of public entertainment meant here are groups that had to purposes to maintain and develop their function of entertainment and self-defense against other classes (especially the governing dasses). The making of such communities is found in the primitive age. Later foar different types of communities occured : village communities formed by farmers to worship their tutelage deity, the entertaimment communities (proffessional communities of entertainment) grown up by the members of village communities, the Iow class people entertainment communities that consisted of fhose who performed a joruri (a kind of ballad drama), and city entertainment communities that consisted of trading class in Kyoto, Edo (Tokyo) and Osaka. The last one had some different characters comparing with other three with the course of time and in places, such as the appearance of audience and writers, and the separation from the religious beliefs. "The world" shown in their drama was a reflection of the community they belonged to. To establish order of the "world" suggested the new establishment of good order of the real world. Iemoto (a head master of a school) system at present is considered to be a declined from of communities of public entertainment.
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